Decreasing of Leaching and Improvement of Geopolymer Properties by Addition of Aluminum Calcium Cements and Titanium Oxide
The article presents the latest results of the leaching of alkali from geopolymers depending on the introduced additions in the form of aluminum calcium cement and nanometric titanium oxide. Aluminum calcium cements were introduced in two variants: G40 (>40% Al O ) and G70 (>70% Al O ) in amou...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2020-01, Vol.13 (3), p.495 |
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| creator | Łach, Michał Korniejenko, Kinga Walter, Janusz Stefańska, Anna Mikuła, Janusz |
| description | The article presents the latest results of the leaching of alkali from geopolymers depending on the introduced additions in the form of aluminum calcium cement and nanometric titanium oxide. Aluminum calcium cements were introduced in two variants: G40 (>40% Al
O
) and G70 (>70% Al
O
) in amounts of 0%, 2%, and 4% by weight. Titanium oxide was also incorporated in amounts of 2% and 4% by weight. The results of conductivity tests of solutions in which geopolymers were immersed were carried out. On this basis, it was found that geopolymers cured in the aquatic environment have a lower risk of efflorescence in the later periods of their use due to leaching of compounds at the stage of aquatic curing. In addition, it was found that the addition of calcium aluminum cements decreases the leaching of substances from geopolymers. It was also found that geopolymers based on an 8 M NaOH solution have greater leaching than when using a 10 M solution. The results of the compressive strength tests for the tested samples were also presented. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma13030495 |
| format | Article |
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O
) and G70 (>70% Al
O
) in amounts of 0%, 2%, and 4% by weight. Titanium oxide was also incorporated in amounts of 2% and 4% by weight. The results of conductivity tests of solutions in which geopolymers were immersed were carried out. On this basis, it was found that geopolymers cured in the aquatic environment have a lower risk of efflorescence in the later periods of their use due to leaching of compounds at the stage of aquatic curing. In addition, it was found that the addition of calcium aluminum cements decreases the leaching of substances from geopolymers. It was also found that geopolymers based on an 8 M NaOH solution have greater leaching than when using a 10 M solution. The results of the compressive strength tests for the tested samples were also presented.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma13030495</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31972990</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Ability tests ; Additives ; Aluminum ; Aluminum oxide ; Aquatic environment ; Aqueous solutions ; Calcium ; Cement ; Cements ; Compressive strength ; Efflorescence ; Emissions ; Geopolymers ; Industrial plant emissions ; Leaching ; Lime ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Titanium ; Titanium oxides ; Weight</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2020-01, Vol.13 (3), p.495</ispartof><rights>2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 by the authors. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-1cdd3bdbd49a3d93d64cd11a12d03527a8ccefd18120f5523e88992b50843ff13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-1cdd3bdbd49a3d93d64cd11a12d03527a8ccefd18120f5523e88992b50843ff13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8265-3982 ; 0000-0001-5713-9415</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7040599/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7040599/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31972990$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Łach, Michał</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korniejenko, Kinga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walter, Janusz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stefańska, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mikuła, Janusz</creatorcontrib><title>Decreasing of Leaching and Improvement of Geopolymer Properties by Addition of Aluminum Calcium Cements and Titanium Oxide</title><title>Materials</title><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><description>The article presents the latest results of the leaching of alkali from geopolymers depending on the introduced additions in the form of aluminum calcium cement and nanometric titanium oxide. Aluminum calcium cements were introduced in two variants: G40 (>40% Al
O
) and G70 (>70% Al
O
) in amounts of 0%, 2%, and 4% by weight. Titanium oxide was also incorporated in amounts of 2% and 4% by weight. The results of conductivity tests of solutions in which geopolymers were immersed were carried out. On this basis, it was found that geopolymers cured in the aquatic environment have a lower risk of efflorescence in the later periods of their use due to leaching of compounds at the stage of aquatic curing. In addition, it was found that the addition of calcium aluminum cements decreases the leaching of substances from geopolymers. It was also found that geopolymers based on an 8 M NaOH solution have greater leaching than when using a 10 M solution. The results of the compressive strength tests for the tested samples were also presented.</description><subject>Ability tests</subject><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Aluminum oxide</subject><subject>Aquatic environment</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Cement</subject><subject>Cements</subject><subject>Compressive strength</subject><subject>Efflorescence</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Geopolymers</subject><subject>Industrial plant emissions</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Lime</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Titanium</subject><subject>Titanium oxides</subject><subject>Weight</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUlrHDEQhUWIyRh7LvkBoSGXEBhbWy-6BIaJNxiwD85ZqKXqsUxL6kjdxuNf724v46UuVai-ejzxEPpO8BFjAh87RRhmmIv8C9onQhQLIjj_-m6eoXlKt3gsxkhFxTc0Y0SUVAi8jx7-go6gkvWbLDTZGpS-mWblTXbhuhjuwIHvp90ZhC60Wwcxu4qhg9hbSFm9zZbG2N4GP0HLdnDWDy5bqVbbqT_dpyfBa9srPz1e3lsDh2ivUW2C-Us_QP9OT65X54v15dnFarleaI6LfkG0Maw2teFCMSOYKbg2hChCDWY5LVWlNTSGVITiJs8pg6oSgtY5rjhrGsIO0J9n3W6oHRg92omqlV20TsWtDMrKjxtvb-Qm3MkSc5wLMQr8ehGI4f8AqZfOJg1tqzyEIUnKOKclLQo6oj8_obdhiH78nqQ5r0qKC1GO1O9nSseQUoRmZ4ZgOaUq31Id4R_v7e_Q1wzZIwF5nk4</recordid><startdate>20200121</startdate><enddate>20200121</enddate><creator>Łach, Michał</creator><creator>Korniejenko, Kinga</creator><creator>Walter, Janusz</creator><creator>Stefańska, Anna</creator><creator>Mikuła, Janusz</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8265-3982</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-9415</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200121</creationdate><title>Decreasing of Leaching and Improvement of Geopolymer Properties by Addition of Aluminum Calcium Cements and Titanium Oxide</title><author>Łach, Michał ; Korniejenko, Kinga ; Walter, Janusz ; Stefańska, Anna ; Mikuła, Janusz</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-1cdd3bdbd49a3d93d64cd11a12d03527a8ccefd18120f5523e88992b50843ff13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Ability tests</topic><topic>Additives</topic><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Aluminum oxide</topic><topic>Aquatic environment</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Cement</topic><topic>Cements</topic><topic>Compressive strength</topic><topic>Efflorescence</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Geopolymers</topic><topic>Industrial plant emissions</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>Lime</topic><topic>Potassium</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Titanium</topic><topic>Titanium oxides</topic><topic>Weight</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Łach, Michał</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korniejenko, Kinga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walter, Janusz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stefańska, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mikuła, Janusz</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Łach, Michał</au><au>Korniejenko, Kinga</au><au>Walter, Janusz</au><au>Stefańska, Anna</au><au>Mikuła, Janusz</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Decreasing of Leaching and Improvement of Geopolymer Properties by Addition of Aluminum Calcium Cements and Titanium Oxide</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><date>2020-01-21</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>495</spage><pages>495-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>The article presents the latest results of the leaching of alkali from geopolymers depending on the introduced additions in the form of aluminum calcium cement and nanometric titanium oxide. Aluminum calcium cements were introduced in two variants: G40 (>40% Al
O
) and G70 (>70% Al
O
) in amounts of 0%, 2%, and 4% by weight. Titanium oxide was also incorporated in amounts of 2% and 4% by weight. The results of conductivity tests of solutions in which geopolymers were immersed were carried out. On this basis, it was found that geopolymers cured in the aquatic environment have a lower risk of efflorescence in the later periods of their use due to leaching of compounds at the stage of aquatic curing. In addition, it was found that the addition of calcium aluminum cements decreases the leaching of substances from geopolymers. It was also found that geopolymers based on an 8 M NaOH solution have greater leaching than when using a 10 M solution. The results of the compressive strength tests for the tested samples were also presented.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>31972990</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma13030495</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8265-3982</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-9415</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB Free E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Ability tests Additives Aluminum Aluminum oxide Aquatic environment Aqueous solutions Calcium Cement Cements Compressive strength Efflorescence Emissions Geopolymers Industrial plant emissions Leaching Lime Potassium Sodium Titanium Titanium oxides Weight |
| title | Decreasing of Leaching and Improvement of Geopolymer Properties by Addition of Aluminum Calcium Cements and Titanium Oxide |
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