Rubella virus-specific humoral immune responses and their interrelationships before and after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in women of childbearing age
In the U.S., measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination is recommended as two vaccine doses. A third dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is being administered in certain situations (e.g., identified seronegativity and during outbreaks). We studied rubella-specific humoral immunity (neutralizing...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Vaccine 2020-01, Vol.38 (5), p.1249-1257 |
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| creator | Haralambieva, Iana H. Ovsyannikova, Inna G. Kennedy, Richard B. Goergen, Krista M. Grill, Diane E. Chen, Min-hsin Hao, Lijuan Icenogle, Joseph Poland, Gregory A. |
| description | In the U.S., measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination is recommended as two vaccine doses. A third dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is being administered in certain situations (e.g., identified seronegativity and during outbreaks).
We studied rubella-specific humoral immunity (neutralizing antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/ELISA IgG titer and antibody avidity) and the frequencies of antigen-specific memory B cells before and after a third dose of MMR-II in 109 female participants of childbearing age (median age, 34.5 years old) from Olmsted County, MN, with two documented prior MMR vaccine doses. The participants were selected from a cohort of 1117 individuals if they represented the high and the low ends of the rubella-specific antibody response spectrum. Of the 109 participants, we identified four individuals (3.67% of all study participants; 7.14% of the low-responder group) that were seronegative at Baseline (rubella-specific ELISA IgG titers |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.004 |
| format | Article |
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We studied rubella-specific humoral immunity (neutralizing antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/ELISA IgG titer and antibody avidity) and the frequencies of antigen-specific memory B cells before and after a third dose of MMR-II in 109 female participants of childbearing age (median age, 34.5 years old) from Olmsted County, MN, with two documented prior MMR vaccine doses. The participants were selected from a cohort of 1117 individuals if they represented the high and the low ends of the rubella-specific antibody response spectrum. Of the 109 participants, we identified four individuals (3.67% of all study participants; 7.14% of the low-responder group) that were seronegative at Baseline (rubella-specific ELISA IgG titers <10 IU/mL), suggesting a lack of protection against rubella before receipt of a third MMR vaccine dose. The peak geometric mean neutralizing antibody titer one month following the third dose of MMR vaccine for the cohort was 243 NT50 (CI; 241, 245), which is expected for a cohort with two doses of MMR, and the peak geometric mean IgG titer was 150 IU/mL (CI; 148, 152) with no seronegative individuals at Day 28. One-third of all subjects (31.8% for the neutralizing antibody; 30.8% for the IgG titer) experienced a significant boost (≥4-fold) of antibody titers one month following vaccination. Antibody titers and other tested immune-response variables were significantly higher in the high-responder group compared to the low-responder group. The frequencies of rubella-specific memory B cells were modestly associated with the antibody titers. Our study suggests the importance of yet unknown inherent biologic and immune factors for the generation and maintenance of rubella-vaccine-induced humoral immune responses.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0264-410X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2518</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.004</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31732325</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology ; Antibodies, Viral - immunology ; Antibody ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody response ; Antigens ; Avidity ; B-lymphocytes ; Biobanks ; Enrollments ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; females ; Humans ; Humoral ; Humoral immunity ; Immune response (humoral) ; Immune system ; Immunity ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin G - immunology ; Immunological memory ; Lymphocytes B ; Measles ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine - administration & dosage ; Medical records ; Memory cells ; Minnesota ; Mumps ; Neutralization Tests ; Neutralizing ; neutralizing antibodies ; Rubella ; Rubella - immunology ; Rubella - prevention & control ; Rubella Vaccine ; Rubella virus - immunology ; seroprevalence ; Test systems ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Viral ; Viruses ; women ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Vaccine, 2020-01, Vol.38 (5), p.1249-1257</ispartof><rights>2019 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2019. Elsevier Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-62ae072f30c64b3b6cf5c469f3374563964b89e7cc726db1a7889202fdf570bc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-62ae072f30c64b3b6cf5c469f3374563964b89e7cc726db1a7889202fdf570bc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5057-4457</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X19315117$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31732325$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Haralambieva, Iana H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ovsyannikova, Inna G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kennedy, Richard B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goergen, Krista M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grill, Diane E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Min-hsin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao, Lijuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Icenogle, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poland, Gregory A.</creatorcontrib><title>Rubella virus-specific humoral immune responses and their interrelationships before and after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in women of childbearing age</title><title>Vaccine</title><addtitle>Vaccine</addtitle><description>In the U.S., measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination is recommended as two vaccine doses. A third dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is being administered in certain situations (e.g., identified seronegativity and during outbreaks).
We studied rubella-specific humoral immunity (neutralizing antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/ELISA IgG titer and antibody avidity) and the frequencies of antigen-specific memory B cells before and after a third dose of MMR-II in 109 female participants of childbearing age (median age, 34.5 years old) from Olmsted County, MN, with two documented prior MMR vaccine doses. The participants were selected from a cohort of 1117 individuals if they represented the high and the low ends of the rubella-specific antibody response spectrum. Of the 109 participants, we identified four individuals (3.67% of all study participants; 7.14% of the low-responder group) that were seronegative at Baseline (rubella-specific ELISA IgG titers <10 IU/mL), suggesting a lack of protection against rubella before receipt of a third MMR vaccine dose. The peak geometric mean neutralizing antibody titer one month following the third dose of MMR vaccine for the cohort was 243 NT50 (CI; 241, 245), which is expected for a cohort with two doses of MMR, and the peak geometric mean IgG titer was 150 IU/mL (CI; 148, 152) with no seronegative individuals at Day 28. One-third of all subjects (31.8% for the neutralizing antibody; 30.8% for the IgG titer) experienced a significant boost (≥4-fold) of antibody titers one month following vaccination. Antibody titers and other tested immune-response variables were significantly higher in the high-responder group compared to the low-responder group. The frequencies of rubella-specific memory B cells were modestly associated with the antibody titers. Our study suggests the importance of yet unknown inherent biologic and immune factors for the generation and maintenance of rubella-vaccine-induced humoral immune responses.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</subject><subject>Antibody</subject><subject>Antibody Affinity</subject><subject>Antibody response</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Avidity</subject><subject>B-lymphocytes</subject><subject>Biobanks</subject><subject>Enrollments</subject><subject>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>females</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Humoral</subject><subject>Humoral immunity</subject><subject>Immune response (humoral)</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunity</subject><subject>Immunity, Humoral</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G - immunology</subject><subject>Immunological memory</subject><subject>Lymphocytes B</subject><subject>Measles</subject><subject>Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine</subject><subject>Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Medical records</subject><subject>Memory cells</subject><subject>Minnesota</subject><subject>Mumps</subject><subject>Neutralization Tests</subject><subject>Neutralizing</subject><subject>neutralizing antibodies</subject><subject>Rubella</subject><subject>Rubella - immunology</subject><subject>Rubella - prevention & control</subject><subject>Rubella Vaccine</subject><subject>Rubella virus - immunology</subject><subject>seroprevalence</subject><subject>Test systems</subject><subject>Vaccination</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Viral</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>women</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>0264-410X</issn><issn>1873-2518</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks2KFDEUhQtRnHb0EZSAGzfV5rdS2Sgy-AcDgii4C6nUTVeaqqRMqlp8Ix_TtN0zqJtZBXK_e2_OyamqpwRvCSbNy_32YKz1AbYUE7UlZIsxv1dtSCtZTQVp71cbTBtec4K_XVSPct5jjAUj6mF1wYhklFGxqX59XjsYR4MOPq25zjNY77xFwzrFZEbkp2kNgBLkOYYMGZnQo2UAn5APC6QEo1l8KQ1-zqgDFxP8YYwrVWQK61OP-pgBRYcmMHmEXE_rNOc63ew-KSkT0Y84QTiSdvBj34FJPuyQ2cHj6oEzY4Yn5_Oy-vru7ZerD_X1p_cfr95c11bQdqkbagBL6hi2De9Y11gnLG-UY0xy0TBVblsF0lpJm74jRratopi63gmJO8suq1enufPaTdBbCEvxQc_JTyb91NF4_W8l-EHv4kE3SlHeqjLgxXlAit9XyIuefLZHnQHimjXl5RsoayS_G2VEYCVagQv6_D90H9cUihOF4lziIoIVSpwom2LOCdztuwnWx9jovT6brY-x0YToEpvS9-xv0bddNzkpwOsTAMX6g4eks_UQLPQ-gV10H_0dK34DtGraSQ</recordid><startdate>20200129</startdate><enddate>20200129</enddate><creator>Haralambieva, Iana H.</creator><creator>Ovsyannikova, Inna G.</creator><creator>Kennedy, Richard B.</creator><creator>Goergen, Krista M.</creator><creator>Grill, Diane E.</creator><creator>Chen, Min-hsin</creator><creator>Hao, Lijuan</creator><creator>Icenogle, Joseph</creator><creator>Poland, Gregory A.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-4457</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200129</creationdate><title>Rubella virus-specific humoral immune responses and their interrelationships before and after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in women of childbearing age</title><author>Haralambieva, Iana H. ; Ovsyannikova, Inna G. ; Kennedy, Richard B. ; Goergen, Krista M. ; Grill, Diane E. ; Chen, Min-hsin ; Hao, Lijuan ; Icenogle, Joseph ; Poland, Gregory A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-62ae072f30c64b3b6cf5c469f3374563964b89e7cc726db1a7889202fdf570bc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - immunology</topic><topic>Antibody</topic><topic>Antibody Affinity</topic><topic>Antibody response</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Avidity</topic><topic>B-lymphocytes</topic><topic>Biobanks</topic><topic>Enrollments</topic><topic>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>females</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Humoral</topic><topic>Humoral immunity</topic><topic>Immune response (humoral)</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunity</topic><topic>Immunity, Humoral</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G - immunology</topic><topic>Immunological memory</topic><topic>Lymphocytes B</topic><topic>Measles</topic><topic>Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine</topic><topic>Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Medical records</topic><topic>Memory cells</topic><topic>Minnesota</topic><topic>Mumps</topic><topic>Neutralization Tests</topic><topic>Neutralizing</topic><topic>neutralizing antibodies</topic><topic>Rubella</topic><topic>Rubella - immunology</topic><topic>Rubella - prevention & control</topic><topic>Rubella Vaccine</topic><topic>Rubella virus - immunology</topic><topic>seroprevalence</topic><topic>Test systems</topic><topic>Vaccination</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Viral</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>women</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Haralambieva, Iana H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ovsyannikova, Inna G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kennedy, Richard B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goergen, Krista M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grill, Diane E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Min-hsin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao, Lijuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Icenogle, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poland, Gregory A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Vaccine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Haralambieva, Iana H.</au><au>Ovsyannikova, Inna G.</au><au>Kennedy, Richard B.</au><au>Goergen, Krista M.</au><au>Grill, Diane E.</au><au>Chen, Min-hsin</au><au>Hao, Lijuan</au><au>Icenogle, Joseph</au><au>Poland, Gregory A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Rubella virus-specific humoral immune responses and their interrelationships before and after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in women of childbearing age</atitle><jtitle>Vaccine</jtitle><addtitle>Vaccine</addtitle><date>2020-01-29</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1249</spage><epage>1257</epage><pages>1249-1257</pages><issn>0264-410X</issn><eissn>1873-2518</eissn><abstract>In the U.S., measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination is recommended as two vaccine doses. A third dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is being administered in certain situations (e.g., identified seronegativity and during outbreaks).
We studied rubella-specific humoral immunity (neutralizing antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/ELISA IgG titer and antibody avidity) and the frequencies of antigen-specific memory B cells before and after a third dose of MMR-II in 109 female participants of childbearing age (median age, 34.5 years old) from Olmsted County, MN, with two documented prior MMR vaccine doses. The participants were selected from a cohort of 1117 individuals if they represented the high and the low ends of the rubella-specific antibody response spectrum. Of the 109 participants, we identified four individuals (3.67% of all study participants; 7.14% of the low-responder group) that were seronegative at Baseline (rubella-specific ELISA IgG titers <10 IU/mL), suggesting a lack of protection against rubella before receipt of a third MMR vaccine dose. The peak geometric mean neutralizing antibody titer one month following the third dose of MMR vaccine for the cohort was 243 NT50 (CI; 241, 245), which is expected for a cohort with two doses of MMR, and the peak geometric mean IgG titer was 150 IU/mL (CI; 148, 152) with no seronegative individuals at Day 28. One-third of all subjects (31.8% for the neutralizing antibody; 30.8% for the IgG titer) experienced a significant boost (≥4-fold) of antibody titers one month following vaccination. Antibody titers and other tested immune-response variables were significantly higher in the high-responder group compared to the low-responder group. The frequencies of rubella-specific memory B cells were modestly associated with the antibody titers. Our study suggests the importance of yet unknown inherent biologic and immune factors for the generation and maintenance of rubella-vaccine-induced humoral immune responses.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>31732325</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.004</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-4457</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0264-410X |
| ispartof | Vaccine, 2020-01, Vol.38 (5), p.1249-1257 |
| issn | 0264-410X 1873-2518 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6992489 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Adult Age Antibodies Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology Antibodies, Viral - immunology Antibody Antibody Affinity Antibody response Antigens Avidity B-lymphocytes Biobanks Enrollments Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female females Humans Humoral Humoral immunity Immune response (humoral) Immune system Immunity Immunity, Humoral Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G - immunology Immunological memory Lymphocytes B Measles Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine - administration & dosage Medical records Memory cells Minnesota Mumps Neutralization Tests Neutralizing neutralizing antibodies Rubella Rubella - immunology Rubella - prevention & control Rubella Vaccine Rubella virus - immunology seroprevalence Test systems Vaccination Vaccines Viral Viruses women Womens health |
| title | Rubella virus-specific humoral immune responses and their interrelationships before and after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in women of childbearing age |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-16T09%3A01%3A32IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rubella%20virus-specific%20humoral%20immune%20responses%20and%20their%20interrelationships%20before%20and%20after%20a%20third%20dose%20of%20measles-mumps-rubella%20vaccine%20in%20women%20of%20childbearing%20age&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.au=Haralambieva,%20Iana%20H.&rft.date=2020-01-29&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1249&rft.epage=1257&rft.pages=1249-1257&rft.issn=0264-410X&rft.eissn=1873-2518&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.004&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2344709203%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2344709203&rft_id=info:pmid/31732325&rft_els_id=S0264410X19315117&rfr_iscdi=true |