Chess Players Increase the Theta Power Spectrum When the Difficulty of the Opponent Increases: An EEG Study
The present study aimed to analyze differences in the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum (theta, alpha, and beta) between participants who won (winning group) and those who lost (losing group) in three different chess games: against their same Elo (100% chess games), 25% over their Elo (125%...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2019-12, Vol.17 (1), p.46 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | |
---|---|
container_issue | 1 |
container_start_page | 46 |
container_title | International journal of environmental research and public health |
container_volume | 17 |
creator | Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro Villafaina, Santos Collado-Mateo, Daniel Cano-Plasencia, Ricardo Gusi, Narcis |
description | The present study aimed to analyze differences in the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum (theta, alpha, and beta) between participants who won (winning group) and those who lost (losing group) in three different chess games: against their same Elo (100% chess games), 25% over their Elo (125% chess games), and 25% under their Elo (75% chess games). EEG was assessed at baseline and during the chess games. Method: 14 male chess players (age: 35.36 ± 13.77 and Elo: 1921 ± 170) played three games of 3 min, plus two additional seconds per move, while EEG was assessed. There were three difficulty levels (75%, 100%, and 125%), with two games (one with white pieces and another with black pieces) per level. The winning group showed higher theta power in the frontal, central, and posterior brain regions when difficulty increased (
-value |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph17010046 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6981879</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2329734326</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-4e40422a7c65730137b80e9184cba34435a9d0fd94eba63ad6b53fd733d534f73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkctLxDAQxoMovq8eJeDFy2rSSdPUg7Cs6wMEBRWPIU2ntmu3qUmr7H9vfS3qaYaZb358w0fIHmdHACk7rmbo25InjDMm5ArZ5FKykZCMr_7qN8hWCDPGQAmZrpMN4EpyGatN8jwpMQR6W5sF-kCvGuvRBKRdifS-xM7QW_eGnt61aDvfz-ljic3n9qwqisr2dbegrvic3LSta7DplpRwQscNnU4v6F3X54sdslaYOuDud90mD-fT-8nl6Prm4moyvh5ZwVU3EiiYiCKTWBknwDgkmWKYciVsZkAIiE2asyJPBWZGgsllFkORJwB5DKJIYJucfnHbPptjbgdL3tS69dXc-IV2ptJ_N01V6if3qmWquErSAXD4DfDupcfQ6XkVLNa1adD1QUcQpQkIiOQgPfgnnbneN8N7OoplxGMF8gN49KWy3oXgsVia4Ux_5Kj_5jgc7P9-YSn_CQ7eAb7Lmcw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2562158369</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Chess Players Increase the Theta Power Spectrum When the Difficulty of the Opponent Increases: An EEG Study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro ; Villafaina, Santos ; Collado-Mateo, Daniel ; Cano-Plasencia, Ricardo ; Gusi, Narcis</creator><creatorcontrib>Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro ; Villafaina, Santos ; Collado-Mateo, Daniel ; Cano-Plasencia, Ricardo ; Gusi, Narcis</creatorcontrib><description>The present study aimed to analyze differences in the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum (theta, alpha, and beta) between participants who won (winning group) and those who lost (losing group) in three different chess games: against their same Elo (100% chess games), 25% over their Elo (125% chess games), and 25% under their Elo (75% chess games). EEG was assessed at baseline and during the chess games. Method: 14 male chess players (age: 35.36 ± 13.77 and Elo: 1921 ± 170) played three games of 3 min, plus two additional seconds per move, while EEG was assessed. There were three difficulty levels (75%, 100%, and 125%), with two games (one with white pieces and another with black pieces) per level. The winning group showed higher theta power in the frontal, central, and posterior brain regions when difficulty increased (
-value <0.05). Besides this, alpha power showed higher values (
-value <0.05) in 125% games than in 75% chess games in C3, T3, T4, T5, and T6. The losing group showed a significant decrease (
-value <0.05) in the beta and alpha power spectrum in frontal, central, parietotemporal, and occipital areas, when the opponent's difficulty increased. Moreover, between groups, analyses showed higher theta power in the losing group than in the winning group, in C3, T5, T6, P4, and Pz (
-value <0.05). Therefore, the winning group was able to adapt to each difficulty level, increasing theta power in the frontal, central, and posterior brain areas, as the efficiency hypothesis postulated. These changes were not observed in the losing group. Moreover, increases in alpha power during the most difficult games, in comparison with the easier, could have been caused by creative ideation and divergent thinking, as participants looked for alternative solutions against a higher-skilled opponent.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010046</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31861658</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adult ; Brain - physiology ; Chess ; Cognition & reasoning ; Decision making ; Divergence ; EEG ; Electroencephalography ; Electroencephalography - methods ; Games ; Games, Recreational - psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Middle Aged ; Software ; Stress, Physiological - physiology ; Stress, Psychological - physiopathology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019-12, Vol.17 (1), p.46</ispartof><rights>2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-4e40422a7c65730137b80e9184cba34435a9d0fd94eba63ad6b53fd733d534f73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-4e40422a7c65730137b80e9184cba34435a9d0fd94eba63ad6b53fd733d534f73</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0784-1753 ; 0000-0002-1001-8883 ; 0000-0002-8299-1092 ; 0000-0002-5140-465X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6981879/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6981879/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27922,27923,53789,53791</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861658$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villafaina, Santos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collado-Mateo, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cano-Plasencia, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gusi, Narcis</creatorcontrib><title>Chess Players Increase the Theta Power Spectrum When the Difficulty of the Opponent Increases: An EEG Study</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>The present study aimed to analyze differences in the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum (theta, alpha, and beta) between participants who won (winning group) and those who lost (losing group) in three different chess games: against their same Elo (100% chess games), 25% over their Elo (125% chess games), and 25% under their Elo (75% chess games). EEG was assessed at baseline and during the chess games. Method: 14 male chess players (age: 35.36 ± 13.77 and Elo: 1921 ± 170) played three games of 3 min, plus two additional seconds per move, while EEG was assessed. There were three difficulty levels (75%, 100%, and 125%), with two games (one with white pieces and another with black pieces) per level. The winning group showed higher theta power in the frontal, central, and posterior brain regions when difficulty increased (
-value <0.05). Besides this, alpha power showed higher values (
-value <0.05) in 125% games than in 75% chess games in C3, T3, T4, T5, and T6. The losing group showed a significant decrease (
-value <0.05) in the beta and alpha power spectrum in frontal, central, parietotemporal, and occipital areas, when the opponent's difficulty increased. Moreover, between groups, analyses showed higher theta power in the losing group than in the winning group, in C3, T5, T6, P4, and Pz (
-value <0.05). Therefore, the winning group was able to adapt to each difficulty level, increasing theta power in the frontal, central, and posterior brain areas, as the efficiency hypothesis postulated. These changes were not observed in the losing group. Moreover, increases in alpha power during the most difficult games, in comparison with the easier, could have been caused by creative ideation and divergent thinking, as participants looked for alternative solutions against a higher-skilled opponent.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Brain - physiology</subject><subject>Chess</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Decision making</subject><subject>Divergence</subject><subject>EEG</subject><subject>Electroencephalography</subject><subject>Electroencephalography - methods</subject><subject>Games</subject><subject>Games, Recreational - psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Stress, Physiological - physiology</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - physiopathology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkctLxDAQxoMovq8eJeDFy2rSSdPUg7Cs6wMEBRWPIU2ntmu3qUmr7H9vfS3qaYaZb358w0fIHmdHACk7rmbo25InjDMm5ArZ5FKykZCMr_7qN8hWCDPGQAmZrpMN4EpyGatN8jwpMQR6W5sF-kCvGuvRBKRdifS-xM7QW_eGnt61aDvfz-ljic3n9qwqisr2dbegrvic3LSta7DplpRwQscNnU4v6F3X54sdslaYOuDud90mD-fT-8nl6Prm4moyvh5ZwVU3EiiYiCKTWBknwDgkmWKYciVsZkAIiE2asyJPBWZGgsllFkORJwB5DKJIYJucfnHbPptjbgdL3tS69dXc-IV2ptJ_N01V6if3qmWquErSAXD4DfDupcfQ6XkVLNa1adD1QUcQpQkIiOQgPfgnnbneN8N7OoplxGMF8gN49KWy3oXgsVia4Ux_5Kj_5jgc7P9-YSn_CQ7eAb7Lmcw</recordid><startdate>20191219</startdate><enddate>20191219</enddate><creator>Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro</creator><creator>Villafaina, Santos</creator><creator>Collado-Mateo, Daniel</creator><creator>Cano-Plasencia, Ricardo</creator><creator>Gusi, Narcis</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-1753</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1001-8883</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-1092</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5140-465X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191219</creationdate><title>Chess Players Increase the Theta Power Spectrum When the Difficulty of the Opponent Increases: An EEG Study</title><author>Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro ; Villafaina, Santos ; Collado-Mateo, Daniel ; Cano-Plasencia, Ricardo ; Gusi, Narcis</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-4e40422a7c65730137b80e9184cba34435a9d0fd94eba63ad6b53fd733d534f73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Brain - physiology</topic><topic>Chess</topic><topic>Cognition & reasoning</topic><topic>Decision making</topic><topic>Divergence</topic><topic>EEG</topic><topic>Electroencephalography</topic><topic>Electroencephalography - methods</topic><topic>Games</topic><topic>Games, Recreational - psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Stress, Physiological - physiology</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - physiopathology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villafaina, Santos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collado-Mateo, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cano-Plasencia, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gusi, Narcis</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro</au><au>Villafaina, Santos</au><au>Collado-Mateo, Daniel</au><au>Cano-Plasencia, Ricardo</au><au>Gusi, Narcis</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Chess Players Increase the Theta Power Spectrum When the Difficulty of the Opponent Increases: An EEG Study</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2019-12-19</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>46</spage><pages>46-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>The present study aimed to analyze differences in the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum (theta, alpha, and beta) between participants who won (winning group) and those who lost (losing group) in three different chess games: against their same Elo (100% chess games), 25% over their Elo (125% chess games), and 25% under their Elo (75% chess games). EEG was assessed at baseline and during the chess games. Method: 14 male chess players (age: 35.36 ± 13.77 and Elo: 1921 ± 170) played three games of 3 min, plus two additional seconds per move, while EEG was assessed. There were three difficulty levels (75%, 100%, and 125%), with two games (one with white pieces and another with black pieces) per level. The winning group showed higher theta power in the frontal, central, and posterior brain regions when difficulty increased (
-value <0.05). Besides this, alpha power showed higher values (
-value <0.05) in 125% games than in 75% chess games in C3, T3, T4, T5, and T6. The losing group showed a significant decrease (
-value <0.05) in the beta and alpha power spectrum in frontal, central, parietotemporal, and occipital areas, when the opponent's difficulty increased. Moreover, between groups, analyses showed higher theta power in the losing group than in the winning group, in C3, T5, T6, P4, and Pz (
-value <0.05). Therefore, the winning group was able to adapt to each difficulty level, increasing theta power in the frontal, central, and posterior brain areas, as the efficiency hypothesis postulated. These changes were not observed in the losing group. Moreover, increases in alpha power during the most difficult games, in comparison with the easier, could have been caused by creative ideation and divergent thinking, as participants looked for alternative solutions against a higher-skilled opponent.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>31861658</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph17010046</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-1753</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1001-8883</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-1092</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5140-465X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1660-4601 |
ispartof | International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019-12, Vol.17 (1), p.46 |
issn | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6981879 |
source | MEDLINE; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
subjects | Adult Brain - physiology Chess Cognition & reasoning Decision making Divergence EEG Electroencephalography Electroencephalography - methods Games Games, Recreational - psychology Humans Male Memory Middle Aged Software Stress, Physiological - physiology Stress, Psychological - physiopathology Young Adult |
title | Chess Players Increase the Theta Power Spectrum When the Difficulty of the Opponent Increases: An EEG Study |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-09T14%3A15%3A53IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chess%20Players%20Increase%20the%20Theta%20Power%20Spectrum%20When%20the%20Difficulty%20of%20the%20Opponent%20Increases:%20An%20EEG%20Study&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20environmental%20research%20and%20public%20health&rft.au=Fuentes-Garc%C3%ADa,%20Juan%20Pedro&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.pages=46-&rft.issn=1660-4601&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijerph17010046&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2329734326%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2562158369&rft_id=info:pmid/31861658&rfr_iscdi=true |