Differences in colorectal cancer screening rates across income strata by levels of urbanization: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013/2014)
Objective Canadian colorectal cancer screening rates differ across income strata. In the United States, disparities across income strata worsen in rural areas. In Canada, differences in screening across income strata have not been explored by levels of urbanization. This project aimed to estimate up...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Canadian journal of public health 2019-02, Vol.110 (1), p.62-71 |
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| creator | Simkin, Jonathan Ogilvie, Gina Hanley, Brendan Elliott, Catherine |
| description | Objective
Canadian colorectal cancer screening rates differ across income strata. In the United States, disparities across income strata worsen in rural areas. In Canada, differences in screening across income strata have not been explored by levels of urbanization. This project aimed to estimate up-to-date colorectal cancer (UTD-CRC) screening across income strata by levels of urbanization.
Methods
Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013/2014) were used to estimate the prevalence of UTD-CRC screening by income quintiles for Canadians aged 50–74 years. UTD-CRC screening was defined as fecal occult blood testing within 2 years or colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy within 10 years before the survey. Levels of urbanization were defined per Statistics Canada Metropolitan Influenced Zone classifications. Weighted proportions of UTD-CRC screening were calculated and logistic regression was used to assess the effect of income by levels of urbanization.
Results
Self-reported UTD-CRC screening prevalence among Canadians was 52.0%. UTD-CRC screening rates by income ranged from 47.8% (Q1-low) to 54.0% (Q5-high). Across all levels of urbanization, higher income was associated with increased odds of UTD-CRC screening compared to the lowest income quintile (Urban-OR
Q5
= 1.49, 95% CI 1.17–1.89; Rural-OR
Q5
= 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.99; Remote-OR
Q5
= 1.54, 95% CI 1.02–2.31). Higher education (OR
post-secondary
= 1.30, 95% CI 1.14–1.49), increasing age (OR
70–74
= 2.88, 95% CI 2.39–3.47), and not identifying as an immigrant (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.19–1.75) were associated with an increased odds of UTD-CRC screening.
Discussion
Half of Canadians report UTD-CRC screening but across levels of urbanization, higher income was associated with higher screening rates. Efforts are needed to understand and address inequities, particularly among low-income populations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.17269/s41997-018-0143-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6964564</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>27173883</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>27173883</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c496t-2b9553c574c1cf9d002891c285ea1a3c6aa238614a5a330de4b6d5a507b4c3713</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU2LFDEQhoMo7rj6BwQl4MVLa5LKR-ciLOsnLHjRc0hnqscMPcmadC-sv97s9jp-HDyEkKqn3qrKS8hTzl5xI7R9XSW31nSM9-1I6NQ9suFWsM5Io--TDWOs76TQcEIe1bpvTwADD8kJMFCgmNgQ9zaOIxZMASuNiYY85YJh9hMNvgULraEgpph2tPi5QT6UXG_YkA9I69ying7XdMIrnCrNI13K4FP84eeY02PyYPRTxSd39yn5-v7dl_OP3cXnD5_Ozy66IK2eOzFYpSAoIwMPo90yJnrLg-gVeu4haO8F9JpLrzwA26Ic9FZ5xcwgAxgOp-TNqnu5DAfcBkxtsMldlnjw5dplH93fmRS_uV2-ctpqqbRsAi_vBEr-vmCd3SHWgNPkE-alOsGFAmYNtw198Q-6z0tJbT0nhNLM9lyyRomVuv2vguNxGM7crX9u9c81_9yNf061oud_rnEs-WVYA2AFakulHZbfvf8r-2yt2tc5l6OqMNxA3wP8BHursNg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2256098140</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Differences in colorectal cancer screening rates across income strata by levels of urbanization: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013/2014)</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>REPÈRE - Free</source><source>JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Simkin, Jonathan ; Ogilvie, Gina ; Hanley, Brendan ; Elliott, Catherine</creator><creatorcontrib>Simkin, Jonathan ; Ogilvie, Gina ; Hanley, Brendan ; Elliott, Catherine</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
Canadian colorectal cancer screening rates differ across income strata. In the United States, disparities across income strata worsen in rural areas. In Canada, differences in screening across income strata have not been explored by levels of urbanization. This project aimed to estimate up-to-date colorectal cancer (UTD-CRC) screening across income strata by levels of urbanization.
Methods
Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013/2014) were used to estimate the prevalence of UTD-CRC screening by income quintiles for Canadians aged 50–74 years. UTD-CRC screening was defined as fecal occult blood testing within 2 years or colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy within 10 years before the survey. Levels of urbanization were defined per Statistics Canada Metropolitan Influenced Zone classifications. Weighted proportions of UTD-CRC screening were calculated and logistic regression was used to assess the effect of income by levels of urbanization.
Results
Self-reported UTD-CRC screening prevalence among Canadians was 52.0%. UTD-CRC screening rates by income ranged from 47.8% (Q1-low) to 54.0% (Q5-high). Across all levels of urbanization, higher income was associated with increased odds of UTD-CRC screening compared to the lowest income quintile (Urban-OR
Q5
= 1.49, 95% CI 1.17–1.89; Rural-OR
Q5
= 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.99; Remote-OR
Q5
= 1.54, 95% CI 1.02–2.31). Higher education (OR
post-secondary
= 1.30, 95% CI 1.14–1.49), increasing age (OR
70–74
= 2.88, 95% CI 2.39–3.47), and not identifying as an immigrant (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.19–1.75) were associated with an increased odds of UTD-CRC screening.
Discussion
Half of Canadians report UTD-CRC screening but across levels of urbanization, higher income was associated with higher screening rates. Efforts are needed to understand and address inequities, particularly among low-income populations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0008-4263</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1920-7476</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.17269/s41997-018-0143-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30353502</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer Science + Business Media</publisher><subject>Aged ; Canada ; Cancer ; Cancer screening ; Colon ; Colorectal cancer ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Colorectal Neoplasms - prevention & control ; Communities ; Early Detection of Cancer - statistics & numerical data ; Education ; Female ; Health Care Surveys ; Health surveys ; Healthcare Disparities - economics ; Humans ; Income ; Income - statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Medical screening ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Polls & surveys ; Populations ; Public Health ; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ; Quantitative Research ; Regression analysis ; Rural areas ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Strata ; Urbanization</subject><ispartof>Canadian journal of public health, 2019-02, Vol.110 (1), p.62-71</ispartof><rights>The Canadian Public Health Association 2018</rights><rights>Canadian Journal of Public Health is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c496t-2b9553c574c1cf9d002891c285ea1a3c6aa238614a5a330de4b6d5a507b4c3713</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c496t-2b9553c574c1cf9d002891c285ea1a3c6aa238614a5a330de4b6d5a507b4c3713</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6184-6024</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27173883$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/27173883$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318,53790,53792,58016,58249</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30353502$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Simkin, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogilvie, Gina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanley, Brendan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elliott, Catherine</creatorcontrib><title>Differences in colorectal cancer screening rates across income strata by levels of urbanization: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013/2014)</title><title>Canadian journal of public health</title><addtitle>Can J Public Health</addtitle><addtitle>Can J Public Health</addtitle><description>Objective
Canadian colorectal cancer screening rates differ across income strata. In the United States, disparities across income strata worsen in rural areas. In Canada, differences in screening across income strata have not been explored by levels of urbanization. This project aimed to estimate up-to-date colorectal cancer (UTD-CRC) screening across income strata by levels of urbanization.
Methods
Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013/2014) were used to estimate the prevalence of UTD-CRC screening by income quintiles for Canadians aged 50–74 years. UTD-CRC screening was defined as fecal occult blood testing within 2 years or colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy within 10 years before the survey. Levels of urbanization were defined per Statistics Canada Metropolitan Influenced Zone classifications. Weighted proportions of UTD-CRC screening were calculated and logistic regression was used to assess the effect of income by levels of urbanization.
Results
Self-reported UTD-CRC screening prevalence among Canadians was 52.0%. UTD-CRC screening rates by income ranged from 47.8% (Q1-low) to 54.0% (Q5-high). Across all levels of urbanization, higher income was associated with increased odds of UTD-CRC screening compared to the lowest income quintile (Urban-OR
Q5
= 1.49, 95% CI 1.17–1.89; Rural-OR
Q5
= 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.99; Remote-OR
Q5
= 1.54, 95% CI 1.02–2.31). Higher education (OR
post-secondary
= 1.30, 95% CI 1.14–1.49), increasing age (OR
70–74
= 2.88, 95% CI 2.39–3.47), and not identifying as an immigrant (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.19–1.75) were associated with an increased odds of UTD-CRC screening.
Discussion
Half of Canadians report UTD-CRC screening but across levels of urbanization, higher income was associated with higher screening rates. Efforts are needed to understand and address inequities, particularly among low-income populations.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Canada</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer screening</subject><subject>Colon</subject><subject>Colorectal cancer</subject><subject>Colorectal carcinoma</subject><subject>Colorectal Neoplasms - prevention & control</subject><subject>Communities</subject><subject>Early Detection of Cancer - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Care Surveys</subject><subject>Health surveys</subject><subject>Healthcare Disparities - economics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income</subject><subject>Income - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical screening</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Populations</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>QUALITATIVE RESEARCH</subject><subject>Quantitative Research</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Rural areas</subject><subject>Sigmoidoscopy</subject><subject>Strata</subject><subject>Urbanization</subject><issn>0008-4263</issn><issn>1920-7476</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU2LFDEQhoMo7rj6BwQl4MVLa5LKR-ciLOsnLHjRc0hnqscMPcmadC-sv97s9jp-HDyEkKqn3qrKS8hTzl5xI7R9XSW31nSM9-1I6NQ9suFWsM5Io--TDWOs76TQcEIe1bpvTwADD8kJMFCgmNgQ9zaOIxZMASuNiYY85YJh9hMNvgULraEgpph2tPi5QT6UXG_YkA9I69ying7XdMIrnCrNI13K4FP84eeY02PyYPRTxSd39yn5-v7dl_OP3cXnD5_Ozy66IK2eOzFYpSAoIwMPo90yJnrLg-gVeu4haO8F9JpLrzwA26Ic9FZ5xcwgAxgOp-TNqnu5DAfcBkxtsMldlnjw5dplH93fmRS_uV2-ctpqqbRsAi_vBEr-vmCd3SHWgNPkE-alOsGFAmYNtw198Q-6z0tJbT0nhNLM9lyyRomVuv2vguNxGM7crX9u9c81_9yNf061oud_rnEs-WVYA2AFakulHZbfvf8r-2yt2tc5l6OqMNxA3wP8BHursNg</recordid><startdate>20190201</startdate><enddate>20190201</enddate><creator>Simkin, Jonathan</creator><creator>Ogilvie, Gina</creator><creator>Hanley, Brendan</creator><creator>Elliott, Catherine</creator><general>Springer Science + Business Media</general><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4S-</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FQ</scope><scope>8FV</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DPSOV</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KC-</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2L</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>M3G</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-6024</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190201</creationdate><title>Differences in colorectal cancer screening rates across income strata by levels of urbanization</title><author>Simkin, Jonathan ; Ogilvie, Gina ; Hanley, Brendan ; Elliott, Catherine</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c496t-2b9553c574c1cf9d002891c285ea1a3c6aa238614a5a330de4b6d5a507b4c3713</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Canada</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cancer screening</topic><topic>Colon</topic><topic>Colorectal cancer</topic><topic>Colorectal carcinoma</topic><topic>Colorectal Neoplasms - prevention & control</topic><topic>Communities</topic><topic>Early Detection of Cancer - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Care Surveys</topic><topic>Health surveys</topic><topic>Healthcare Disparities - economics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Income</topic><topic>Income - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical screening</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Polls & surveys</topic><topic>Populations</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>QUALITATIVE RESEARCH</topic><topic>Quantitative Research</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Rural areas</topic><topic>Sigmoidoscopy</topic><topic>Strata</topic><topic>Urbanization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Simkin, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogilvie, Gina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanley, Brendan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elliott, Catherine</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>BPIR.com Limited</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Social Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Politics Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Politics Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Political Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Social Science Database</collection><collection>CBCA Reference & Current Events</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Canadian journal of public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Simkin, Jonathan</au><au>Ogilvie, Gina</au><au>Hanley, Brendan</au><au>Elliott, Catherine</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Differences in colorectal cancer screening rates across income strata by levels of urbanization: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013/2014)</atitle><jtitle>Canadian journal of public health</jtitle><stitle>Can J Public Health</stitle><addtitle>Can J Public Health</addtitle><date>2019-02-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>110</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>62</spage><epage>71</epage><pages>62-71</pages><issn>0008-4263</issn><eissn>1920-7476</eissn><abstract>Objective
Canadian colorectal cancer screening rates differ across income strata. In the United States, disparities across income strata worsen in rural areas. In Canada, differences in screening across income strata have not been explored by levels of urbanization. This project aimed to estimate up-to-date colorectal cancer (UTD-CRC) screening across income strata by levels of urbanization.
Methods
Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013/2014) were used to estimate the prevalence of UTD-CRC screening by income quintiles for Canadians aged 50–74 years. UTD-CRC screening was defined as fecal occult blood testing within 2 years or colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy within 10 years before the survey. Levels of urbanization were defined per Statistics Canada Metropolitan Influenced Zone classifications. Weighted proportions of UTD-CRC screening were calculated and logistic regression was used to assess the effect of income by levels of urbanization.
Results
Self-reported UTD-CRC screening prevalence among Canadians was 52.0%. UTD-CRC screening rates by income ranged from 47.8% (Q1-low) to 54.0% (Q5-high). Across all levels of urbanization, higher income was associated with increased odds of UTD-CRC screening compared to the lowest income quintile (Urban-OR
Q5
= 1.49, 95% CI 1.17–1.89; Rural-OR
Q5
= 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.99; Remote-OR
Q5
= 1.54, 95% CI 1.02–2.31). Higher education (OR
post-secondary
= 1.30, 95% CI 1.14–1.49), increasing age (OR
70–74
= 2.88, 95% CI 2.39–3.47), and not identifying as an immigrant (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.19–1.75) were associated with an increased odds of UTD-CRC screening.
Discussion
Half of Canadians report UTD-CRC screening but across levels of urbanization, higher income was associated with higher screening rates. Efforts are needed to understand and address inequities, particularly among low-income populations.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer Science + Business Media</pub><pmid>30353502</pmid><doi>10.17269/s41997-018-0143-5</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-6024</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Canadian journal of public health, 2019-02, Vol.110 (1), p.62-71 |
| issn | 0008-4263 1920-7476 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6964564 |
| source | MEDLINE; REPÈRE - Free; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Aged Canada Cancer Cancer screening Colon Colorectal cancer Colorectal carcinoma Colorectal Neoplasms - prevention & control Communities Early Detection of Cancer - statistics & numerical data Education Female Health Care Surveys Health surveys Healthcare Disparities - economics Humans Income Income - statistics & numerical data Male Medical screening Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Polls & surveys Populations Public Health QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Quantitative Research Regression analysis Rural areas Sigmoidoscopy Strata Urbanization |
| title | Differences in colorectal cancer screening rates across income strata by levels of urbanization: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013/2014) |
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