Early childhood deprivation is associated with alterations in adult brain structure despite subsequent environmental enrichment
Early childhood deprivation is associated with higher rates of neurodevelopmental and mental disorders in adulthood. The impact of childhood deprivation on the adult brain and the extent to which structural changes underpin these effects are currently unknown. To investigate these questions, we util...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2020-01, Vol.117 (1), p.641-649 |
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| creator | Mackes, Nuria K. Golm, Dennis Sarkar, Sagari Kumsta, Robert Rutter, Michael Fairchild, Graeme Mehta, Mitul A. Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S. |
| description | Early childhood deprivation is associated with higher rates of neurodevelopmental and mental disorders in adulthood. The impact of childhood deprivation on the adult brain and the extent to which structural changes underpin these effects are currently unknown. To investigate these questions, we utilized MRI data collected from young adults who were exposed to severe deprivation in early childhood in the Romanian orphanages of the Ceauşescu era and then, subsequently adopted by UK families; 67 Romanian adoptees (with between 3 and 41 mo of deprivation) were compared with 21 nondeprived UK adoptees. Romanian adoptees had substantially smaller total brain volumes (TBVs) than nondeprived adoptees (8.6% reduction), and TBV was strongly negatively associated with deprivation duration. This effect persisted after covarying for potential environmental and genetic confounds. In whole-brain analyses, deprived adoptees showed lower right inferior frontal surface area and volume but greater right inferior temporal lobe thickness, surface area, and volume than the nondeprived adoptees. Right medial prefrontal volume and surface area were positively associated with deprivation duration. No deprivation-related effects were observed in limbic regions. Global reductions in TBV statistically mediated the observed relationship between institutionalization and both lower intelligence quotient (IQ) and higher levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The deprivation-related increase in right inferior temporal volume seemed to be compensatory, as it was associated with lower levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. We provide compelling evidence that time-limited severe deprivation in the first years of life is related to alterations in adult brain structure, despite extended enrichment in adoptive homes in the intervening years. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.1911264116 |
| format | Article |
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S.</creator><creatorcontrib>Mackes, Nuria K. ; Golm, Dennis ; Sarkar, Sagari ; Kumsta, Robert ; Rutter, Michael ; Fairchild, Graeme ; Mehta, Mitul A. ; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S. ; ERA Young Adult Follow-up team ; ERA Young Adult Follow-up team ; on behalf of the ERA Young Adult Follow-up team</creatorcontrib><description>Early childhood deprivation is associated with higher rates of neurodevelopmental and mental disorders in adulthood. The impact of childhood deprivation on the adult brain and the extent to which structural changes underpin these effects are currently unknown. To investigate these questions, we utilized MRI data collected from young adults who were exposed to severe deprivation in early childhood in the Romanian orphanages of the Ceauşescu era and then, subsequently adopted by UK families; 67 Romanian adoptees (with between 3 and 41 mo of deprivation) were compared with 21 nondeprived UK adoptees. Romanian adoptees had substantially smaller total brain volumes (TBVs) than nondeprived adoptees (8.6% reduction), and TBV was strongly negatively associated with deprivation duration. This effect persisted after covarying for potential environmental and genetic confounds. In whole-brain analyses, deprived adoptees showed lower right inferior frontal surface area and volume but greater right inferior temporal lobe thickness, surface area, and volume than the nondeprived adoptees. Right medial prefrontal volume and surface area were positively associated with deprivation duration. No deprivation-related effects were observed in limbic regions. Global reductions in TBV statistically mediated the observed relationship between institutionalization and both lower intelligence quotient (IQ) and higher levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The deprivation-related increase in right inferior temporal volume seemed to be compensatory, as it was associated with lower levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. We provide compelling evidence that time-limited severe deprivation in the first years of life is related to alterations in adult brain structure, despite extended enrichment in adoptive homes in the intervening years.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911264116</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31907309</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Adoption ; Adult ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - etiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - pathology ; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ; Biological Sciences ; Brain ; Brain - diagnostic imaging ; Brain - growth & development ; Brain - pathology ; Child Development - physiology ; Child, Institutionalized - psychology ; Children ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Deprivation ; Enrichment ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genetic analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mental disorders ; Neurodevelopmental disorders ; Organ Size ; Orphanages ; PNAS Plus ; Prospective Studies ; Psychosocial Deprivation ; Quotients ; Romania ; Signs and symptoms ; Social Sciences ; Surface area ; Temporal lobe ; Time Factors ; United Kingdom ; Young Adult ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2020-01, Vol.117 (1), p.641-649</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jan 7, 2020</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c443t-14792751343b7c9a4ef54f8b6654a301a577f8827b63774656e408b76ae731a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c443t-14792751343b7c9a4ef54f8b6654a301a577f8827b63774656e408b76ae731a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7995-8881 ; 0000-0001-6006-6958</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26897505$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26897505$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31907309$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mackes, Nuria K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Golm, Dennis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarkar, Sagari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumsta, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rutter, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fairchild, Graeme</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehta, Mitul A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ERA Young Adult Follow-up team</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ERA Young Adult Follow-up team</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>on behalf of the ERA Young Adult Follow-up team</creatorcontrib><title>Early childhood deprivation is associated with alterations in adult brain structure despite subsequent environmental enrichment</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Early childhood deprivation is associated with higher rates of neurodevelopmental and mental disorders in adulthood. The impact of childhood deprivation on the adult brain and the extent to which structural changes underpin these effects are currently unknown. To investigate these questions, we utilized MRI data collected from young adults who were exposed to severe deprivation in early childhood in the Romanian orphanages of the Ceauşescu era and then, subsequently adopted by UK families; 67 Romanian adoptees (with between 3 and 41 mo of deprivation) were compared with 21 nondeprived UK adoptees. Romanian adoptees had substantially smaller total brain volumes (TBVs) than nondeprived adoptees (8.6% reduction), and TBV was strongly negatively associated with deprivation duration. This effect persisted after covarying for potential environmental and genetic confounds. In whole-brain analyses, deprived adoptees showed lower right inferior frontal surface area and volume but greater right inferior temporal lobe thickness, surface area, and volume than the nondeprived adoptees. Right medial prefrontal volume and surface area were positively associated with deprivation duration. No deprivation-related effects were observed in limbic regions. Global reductions in TBV statistically mediated the observed relationship between institutionalization and both lower intelligence quotient (IQ) and higher levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The deprivation-related increase in right inferior temporal volume seemed to be compensatory, as it was associated with lower levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. We provide compelling evidence that time-limited severe deprivation in the first years of life is related to alterations in adult brain structure, despite extended enrichment in adoptive homes in the intervening years.</description><subject>Adoption</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis</subject><subject>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - etiology</subject><subject>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - pathology</subject><subject>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Brain - growth & development</subject><subject>Brain - pathology</subject><subject>Child Development - physiology</subject><subject>Child, Institutionalized - psychology</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Deprivation</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Genetic analysis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Intelligence</subject><subject>Intelligence Tests</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Neurodevelopmental disorders</subject><subject>Organ Size</subject><subject>Orphanages</subject><subject>PNAS Plus</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Psychosocial Deprivation</subject><subject>Quotients</subject><subject>Romania</subject><subject>Signs and symptoms</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Surface area</subject><subject>Temporal lobe</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>United Kingdom</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVUU1v1DAQtSoQ3bacOYEs9Zx2HH_FFyRUtQWpEpferUniNF5l48V2FvXEX8fbLQucZkbvzXszeoR8YHDFQPPr7YzpihnGaiUYUydkxcCwSgkDb8gKoNZVI2pxSs5SWgOAkQ28I6ecmbINZkV-3WKcnmk3-qkfQ-hp77bR7zD7MFOfKKYUOo_Z9fSnzyPFKbv4gibqZ4r9MmXaRix9ynHp8hJd0Uhbnx1NS5vcj8XNmbp552OYN6XHqUzRd-N-uCBvB5ySe_9az8nj3e3jzdfq4fv9t5svD1UnBM8VE9rUWjIueKs7g8INUgxNq5QUyIGh1Hpomlq3imstlFROQNNqhU5zhvycfD7Ibpd24_quOEecbHl1g_HZBvT2f2T2o30KO6uMlFzyInD5KhBD-Shluw5LnMvJtuZcMgkgm8K6PrC6GFKKbjg6MLD7wOw-MPs3sLLx6d_Djvw_CRXCxwNhnXKIR7xWjdESJP8NZbSfCw</recordid><startdate>20200107</startdate><enddate>20200107</enddate><creator>Mackes, Nuria K.</creator><creator>Golm, Dennis</creator><creator>Sarkar, Sagari</creator><creator>Kumsta, Robert</creator><creator>Rutter, Michael</creator><creator>Fairchild, Graeme</creator><creator>Mehta, Mitul A.</creator><creator>Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. 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S.</au><aucorp>ERA Young Adult Follow-up team</aucorp><aucorp>ERA Young Adult Follow-up team</aucorp><aucorp>on behalf of the ERA Young Adult Follow-up team</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Early childhood deprivation is associated with alterations in adult brain structure despite subsequent environmental enrichment</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>2020-01-07</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>117</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>641</spage><epage>649</epage><pages>641-649</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>Early childhood deprivation is associated with higher rates of neurodevelopmental and mental disorders in adulthood. The impact of childhood deprivation on the adult brain and the extent to which structural changes underpin these effects are currently unknown. To investigate these questions, we utilized MRI data collected from young adults who were exposed to severe deprivation in early childhood in the Romanian orphanages of the Ceauşescu era and then, subsequently adopted by UK families; 67 Romanian adoptees (with between 3 and 41 mo of deprivation) were compared with 21 nondeprived UK adoptees. Romanian adoptees had substantially smaller total brain volumes (TBVs) than nondeprived adoptees (8.6% reduction), and TBV was strongly negatively associated with deprivation duration. This effect persisted after covarying for potential environmental and genetic confounds. In whole-brain analyses, deprived adoptees showed lower right inferior frontal surface area and volume but greater right inferior temporal lobe thickness, surface area, and volume than the nondeprived adoptees. Right medial prefrontal volume and surface area were positively associated with deprivation duration. No deprivation-related effects were observed in limbic regions. Global reductions in TBV statistically mediated the observed relationship between institutionalization and both lower intelligence quotient (IQ) and higher levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The deprivation-related increase in right inferior temporal volume seemed to be compensatory, as it was associated with lower levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. We provide compelling evidence that time-limited severe deprivation in the first years of life is related to alterations in adult brain structure, despite extended enrichment in adoptive homes in the intervening years.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences</pub><pmid>31907309</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.1911264116</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-8881</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6958</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adoption Adult Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - etiology Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - pathology Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Biological Sciences Brain Brain - diagnostic imaging Brain - growth & development Brain - pathology Child Development - physiology Child, Institutionalized - psychology Children Cross-Sectional Studies Deprivation Enrichment Female Follow-Up Studies Genetic analysis Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Intelligence Intelligence Tests Longitudinal Studies Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Mental disorders Neurodevelopmental disorders Organ Size Orphanages PNAS Plus Prospective Studies Psychosocial Deprivation Quotients Romania Signs and symptoms Social Sciences Surface area Temporal lobe Time Factors United Kingdom Young Adult Young adults |
| title | Early childhood deprivation is associated with alterations in adult brain structure despite subsequent environmental enrichment |
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