Disorders of the Proximal and Distal Aspects of the Biceps Muscle

PROXIMAL ASPECT OF BICEPS ➤ Tenodesis of the long head of the biceps may offer improved cosmesis, improved strength, and diminished activity-related pain compared with tenotomy, although comparative studies have shown similar outcomes in some patient populations. DISTAL ASPECT OF BICEPS ➤ Operative treatment of both partial and complete distal biceps ruptures results in better outcomes compared with nonoperative care, although the optimal technique and fixation are yet to be determined. ➤ Nonoperative management is an acceptable treatment for patients willing to accept some loss of forearm supination and elbow flexion strength as well as changes in endurance and cosmesis.