Phenolic Profiling of Flax Highlights Contrasting Patterns in Winter and Spring Varieties
Flax ( ) is a plant grown in temperate regions either for its fiber or for its seeds, which are rich in the essential fatty acid omega-3. It is also well known as a source of medicinal compounds. The chemical composition of its leaves is currently poorly described. In order to fill this gap, we have...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-11, Vol.24 (23), p.4303 |
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| creator | Tchoumtchoua, Job Mathiron, David Pontarin, Nicole Gagneul, David van Bohemen, Anne-Isaline Otogo N'nang, Elvis Mesnard, François Petit, Emmanuel Fontaine, Jean-Xavier Molinié, Roland Quéro, Anthony |
| description | Flax (
) is a plant grown in temperate regions either for its fiber or for its seeds, which are rich in the essential fatty acid omega-3. It is also well known as a source of medicinal compounds. The chemical composition of its leaves is currently poorly described. In order to fill this gap, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of flax leaf metabolome. The exploration of the metabolome allowed the characterization of compounds isolated for the first time in flax leaves. These molecules were isolated by preparative HPLC and then characterized by NMR, LC-MS and standard analysis. This work extended our picture of
-glycosyl-flavonoids and coniferyl alcohol derivatives accumulated in flax. The follow-up of the content of these different metabolites via UPLC-MS revealed significant accumulation differences in spring and winter flax leaves. In particular, two methylated
-glycosylflavonoids (swertisin and swertiajaponin) were the most abundant phenolic compounds in winter flax whereas they were not detected in spring flax. This result suggests that these 2 compounds are involved in cold stress tolerance in flax. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/molecules24234303 |
| format | Article |
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) is a plant grown in temperate regions either for its fiber or for its seeds, which are rich in the essential fatty acid omega-3. It is also well known as a source of medicinal compounds. The chemical composition of its leaves is currently poorly described. In order to fill this gap, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of flax leaf metabolome. The exploration of the metabolome allowed the characterization of compounds isolated for the first time in flax leaves. These molecules were isolated by preparative HPLC and then characterized by NMR, LC-MS and standard analysis. This work extended our picture of
-glycosyl-flavonoids and coniferyl alcohol derivatives accumulated in flax. The follow-up of the content of these different metabolites via UPLC-MS revealed significant accumulation differences in spring and winter flax leaves. In particular, two methylated
-glycosylflavonoids (swertisin and swertiajaponin) were the most abundant phenolic compounds in winter flax whereas they were not detected in spring flax. This result suggests that these 2 compounds are involved in cold stress tolerance in flax.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1420-3049</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1420-3049</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234303</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31779076</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Carbon ; Chemical composition ; Chemical compounds ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods ; Cold ; Cold tolerance ; Flavonoids ; Flavonoids - chemistry ; Flax ; Flax - chemistry ; Flowers & plants ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Leaves ; Life Sciences ; Linum usitatissimum ; Liquid chromatography ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Phenol - chemistry ; Phenolic compounds ; Phenols ; Phenols - chemistry ; Phytochemicals ; Plant Leaves - chemistry ; Plant reproduction ; Retention ; Seasons ; Seeds ; Seeds - chemistry ; Spring ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods ; Winter</subject><ispartof>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2019-11, Vol.24 (23), p.4303</ispartof><rights>2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c461t-374ddbac86963f0ca38293dd2d8db7e56962bf3fe4151f88ce868a351bbb8ca43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c461t-374ddbac86963f0ca38293dd2d8db7e56962bf3fe4151f88ce868a351bbb8ca43</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5478-3029 ; 0000-0002-9288-0986 ; 0000-0003-4399-8838 ; 0000-0003-1533-6909 ; 0000-0001-5904-7645 ; 0000-0002-7626-3902 ; 0000-0001-8189-9238 ; 0000-0002-2119-3089</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6930658/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6930658/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31779076$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-02949254$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tchoumtchoua, Job</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mathiron, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pontarin, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gagneul, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Bohemen, Anne-Isaline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otogo N'nang, Elvis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mesnard, François</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petit, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fontaine, Jean-Xavier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molinié, Roland</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quéro, Anthony</creatorcontrib><title>Phenolic Profiling of Flax Highlights Contrasting Patterns in Winter and Spring Varieties</title><title>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</title><addtitle>Molecules</addtitle><description>Flax (
) is a plant grown in temperate regions either for its fiber or for its seeds, which are rich in the essential fatty acid omega-3. It is also well known as a source of medicinal compounds. The chemical composition of its leaves is currently poorly described. In order to fill this gap, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of flax leaf metabolome. The exploration of the metabolome allowed the characterization of compounds isolated for the first time in flax leaves. These molecules were isolated by preparative HPLC and then characterized by NMR, LC-MS and standard analysis. This work extended our picture of
-glycosyl-flavonoids and coniferyl alcohol derivatives accumulated in flax. The follow-up of the content of these different metabolites via UPLC-MS revealed significant accumulation differences in spring and winter flax leaves. In particular, two methylated
-glycosylflavonoids (swertisin and swertiajaponin) were the most abundant phenolic compounds in winter flax whereas they were not detected in spring flax. This result suggests that these 2 compounds are involved in cold stress tolerance in flax.</description><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Chemical compounds</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods</subject><subject>Cold</subject><subject>Cold tolerance</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Flavonoids - chemistry</subject><subject>Flax</subject><subject>Flax - chemistry</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>High-performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Linum usitatissimum</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Phenol - chemistry</subject><subject>Phenolic compounds</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Phenols - chemistry</subject><subject>Phytochemicals</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant reproduction</subject><subject>Retention</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Seeds - chemistry</subject><subject>Spring</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods</subject><subject>Winter</subject><issn>1420-3049</issn><issn>1420-3049</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNplUV1LHDEUDWJRa_0BvpSAL-3D2iQ3M5O8FGTRrrDQhX7hU8hkMruRbGKTGbH_vhnWitqHkMu955x7koPQKSXnAJJ82kZvzehtZpwBBwJ76IhyRmZAuNx_Vh-itznfEsIop9UBOgTaNJI09RG6WW1siN4ZvEqxd96FNY49vvL6AS_ceuPLGTKexzAknYdpvNLDYFPI2AX8y4VSYx06_O0uTdOfOjk7OJvfoTe99tmePN7H6MfV5ff5Yrb8-uV6frGcGV7TYQYN77pWG1HLGnpiNAgmoetYJ7q2sVVps7aH3hbntBfCWFELDRVt21YYzeEYfd7p3o3t1nbGTk69Km62Ov1RUTv1chLcRq3jvaolkLoSReDjTmDzira4WKqpR5jkklX8nhbsh8dlKf4ebR7U1mVjvdfBxjErBoxAU4OAAj17Bb2NYwrlK1TREhIq0Uzu6Q5lUsw52f7JASVqCln9F3LhvH_-4ifGv1ThLx2PpbQ</recordid><startdate>20191126</startdate><enddate>20191126</enddate><creator>Tchoumtchoua, Job</creator><creator>Mathiron, David</creator><creator>Pontarin, Nicole</creator><creator>Gagneul, David</creator><creator>van Bohemen, Anne-Isaline</creator><creator>Otogo N'nang, Elvis</creator><creator>Mesnard, François</creator><creator>Petit, Emmanuel</creator><creator>Fontaine, Jean-Xavier</creator><creator>Molinié, Roland</creator><creator>Quéro, Anthony</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-3029</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9288-0986</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4399-8838</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-6909</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5904-7645</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7626-3902</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8189-9238</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-3089</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191126</creationdate><title>Phenolic Profiling of Flax Highlights Contrasting Patterns in Winter and Spring Varieties</title><author>Tchoumtchoua, Job ; Mathiron, David ; Pontarin, Nicole ; Gagneul, David ; van Bohemen, Anne-Isaline ; Otogo N'nang, Elvis ; Mesnard, François ; Petit, Emmanuel ; Fontaine, Jean-Xavier ; Molinié, Roland ; Quéro, Anthony</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c461t-374ddbac86963f0ca38293dd2d8db7e56962bf3fe4151f88ce868a351bbb8ca43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Chemical composition</topic><topic>Chemical compounds</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods</topic><topic>Cold</topic><topic>Cold tolerance</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Flavonoids - chemistry</topic><topic>Flax</topic><topic>Flax - chemistry</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>High-performance liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Leaves</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Linum usitatissimum</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Phenol - chemistry</topic><topic>Phenolic compounds</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Phenols - chemistry</topic><topic>Phytochemicals</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant reproduction</topic><topic>Retention</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Seeds - chemistry</topic><topic>Spring</topic><topic>Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods</topic><topic>Winter</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tchoumtchoua, Job</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mathiron, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pontarin, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gagneul, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Bohemen, Anne-Isaline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otogo N'nang, Elvis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mesnard, François</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petit, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fontaine, Jean-Xavier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molinié, Roland</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quéro, Anthony</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tchoumtchoua, Job</au><au>Mathiron, David</au><au>Pontarin, Nicole</au><au>Gagneul, David</au><au>van Bohemen, Anne-Isaline</au><au>Otogo N'nang, Elvis</au><au>Mesnard, François</au><au>Petit, Emmanuel</au><au>Fontaine, Jean-Xavier</au><au>Molinié, Roland</au><au>Quéro, Anthony</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Phenolic Profiling of Flax Highlights Contrasting Patterns in Winter and Spring Varieties</atitle><jtitle>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle><addtitle>Molecules</addtitle><date>2019-11-26</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>4303</spage><pages>4303-</pages><issn>1420-3049</issn><eissn>1420-3049</eissn><abstract>Flax (
) is a plant grown in temperate regions either for its fiber or for its seeds, which are rich in the essential fatty acid omega-3. It is also well known as a source of medicinal compounds. The chemical composition of its leaves is currently poorly described. In order to fill this gap, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of flax leaf metabolome. The exploration of the metabolome allowed the characterization of compounds isolated for the first time in flax leaves. These molecules were isolated by preparative HPLC and then characterized by NMR, LC-MS and standard analysis. This work extended our picture of
-glycosyl-flavonoids and coniferyl alcohol derivatives accumulated in flax. The follow-up of the content of these different metabolites via UPLC-MS revealed significant accumulation differences in spring and winter flax leaves. In particular, two methylated
-glycosylflavonoids (swertisin and swertiajaponin) were the most abundant phenolic compounds in winter flax whereas they were not detected in spring flax. This result suggests that these 2 compounds are involved in cold stress tolerance in flax.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>31779076</pmid><doi>10.3390/molecules24234303</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-3029</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9288-0986</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4399-8838</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-6909</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5904-7645</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7626-3902</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8189-9238</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-3089</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Carbon Chemical composition Chemical compounds Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods Cold Cold tolerance Flavonoids Flavonoids - chemistry Flax Flax - chemistry Flowers & plants High-performance liquid chromatography Leaves Life Sciences Linum usitatissimum Liquid chromatography Metabolism Metabolites Phenol - chemistry Phenolic compounds Phenols Phenols - chemistry Phytochemicals Plant Leaves - chemistry Plant reproduction Retention Seasons Seeds Seeds - chemistry Spring Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods Winter |
| title | Phenolic Profiling of Flax Highlights Contrasting Patterns in Winter and Spring Varieties |
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