The identification and deletion of the polyketide synthase‐nonribosomal peptide synthase gene responsible for the production of the phytotoxic triticone A/B in the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis
Summary The economically important necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Ptr), causes tan spot of wheat, a disease typified by foliar necrosis and chlorosis. The culture filtrate of an Australian Ptr isolate, M4, possesses phytotoxic activity and plant bioassay guided discovery...
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creator | Rawlinson, Catherine See, Pao Theen Moolhuijzen, Paula Li, Hang Moffat, Caroline S. Chooi, Yit‐Heng Oliver, Richard P. |
description | Summary
The economically important necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Ptr), causes tan spot of wheat, a disease typified by foliar necrosis and chlorosis. The culture filtrate of an Australian Ptr isolate, M4, possesses phytotoxic activity and plant bioassay guided discovery led to the purification of necrosis inducing toxins called triticone A and B. High‐resolution LC–MS/MS analysis of the culture filtrate identified an additional 37 triticone‐like compounds. The biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for triticone production (the Ttc cluster) was identified and deletion of TtcA, a hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)‐nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), abolished production of all triticones. The pathogenicity of mutant (ttcA) strains was not visibly affected in our assays. We hypothesize that triticones possess general antimicrobial activity important for competition in multi‐microbial environments. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/1462-2920.14854 |
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The economically important necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Ptr), causes tan spot of wheat, a disease typified by foliar necrosis and chlorosis. The culture filtrate of an Australian Ptr isolate, M4, possesses phytotoxic activity and plant bioassay guided discovery led to the purification of necrosis inducing toxins called triticone A and B. High‐resolution LC–MS/MS analysis of the culture filtrate identified an additional 37 triticone‐like compounds. The biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for triticone production (the Ttc cluster) was identified and deletion of TtcA, a hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)‐nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), abolished production of all triticones. The pathogenicity of mutant (ttcA) strains was not visibly affected in our assays. We hypothesize that triticones possess general antimicrobial activity important for competition in multi‐microbial environments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1462-2912</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1462-2920</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14854</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31698543</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Antimicrobial activity ; Ascomycota - chemistry ; Ascomycota - enzymology ; Ascomycota - genetics ; Ascomycota - metabolism ; Australia ; Bio-assays ; Bioassays ; Chlorosis ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Disease resistance ; Filtrate ; Fungal Proteins - genetics ; Fungal Proteins - metabolism ; Fungi ; Gene Deletion ; Identification ; Lactams - chemistry ; Lactams - metabolism ; Microorganisms ; Necrosis ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; Peptide synthase ; Peptide Synthases - genetics ; Peptide Synthases - metabolism ; Peptides ; Plant Diseases - microbiology ; Polyketide synthase ; Polyketide Synthases - genetics ; Polyketide Synthases - metabolism ; Purification ; Pyrenophora ; Tan spot ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Toxins ; Triticum - microbiology ; Water purification ; Wheat</subject><ispartof>Environmental microbiology, 2019-12, Vol.21 (12), p.4875-4886</ispartof><rights>2019 The Authors. published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2019 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2019 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4674-9bd6955d94e1c56c18403a6e42a3fa940a07243f17be2d6e0419f853b8c5121d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4674-9bd6955d94e1c56c18403a6e42a3fa940a07243f17be2d6e0419f853b8c5121d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7719-7524 ; 0000-0001-7290-4154 ; 0000-0002-3502-7612</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2F1462-2920.14854$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2F1462-2920.14854$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31698543$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rawlinson, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>See, Pao Theen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moolhuijzen, Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moffat, Caroline S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chooi, Yit‐Heng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliver, Richard P.</creatorcontrib><title>The identification and deletion of the polyketide synthase‐nonribosomal peptide synthase gene responsible for the production of the phytotoxic triticone A/B in the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis</title><title>Environmental microbiology</title><addtitle>Environ Microbiol</addtitle><description>Summary
The economically important necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Ptr), causes tan spot of wheat, a disease typified by foliar necrosis and chlorosis. The culture filtrate of an Australian Ptr isolate, M4, possesses phytotoxic activity and plant bioassay guided discovery led to the purification of necrosis inducing toxins called triticone A and B. High‐resolution LC–MS/MS analysis of the culture filtrate identified an additional 37 triticone‐like compounds. The biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for triticone production (the Ttc cluster) was identified and deletion of TtcA, a hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)‐nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), abolished production of all triticones. The pathogenicity of mutant (ttcA) strains was not visibly affected in our assays. We hypothesize that triticones possess general antimicrobial activity important for competition in multi‐microbial environments.</description><subject>Antimicrobial activity</subject><subject>Ascomycota - chemistry</subject><subject>Ascomycota - enzymology</subject><subject>Ascomycota - genetics</subject><subject>Ascomycota - metabolism</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Bio-assays</subject><subject>Bioassays</subject><subject>Chlorosis</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid</subject><subject>Disease resistance</subject><subject>Filtrate</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Gene Deletion</subject><subject>Identification</subject><subject>Lactams - chemistry</subject><subject>Lactams - metabolism</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Necrosis</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Peptide synthase</subject><subject>Peptide Synthases - genetics</subject><subject>Peptide Synthases - metabolism</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - microbiology</subject><subject>Polyketide synthase</subject><subject>Polyketide Synthases - genetics</subject><subject>Polyketide Synthases - metabolism</subject><subject>Purification</subject><subject>Pyrenophora</subject><subject>Tan spot</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><subject>Triticum - microbiology</subject><subject>Water purification</subject><subject>Wheat</subject><issn>1462-2912</issn><issn>1462-2920</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkk1v1DAQhiMEoqVw5oYsceGyrL_y4QtSqQpUKoJDOVuOM9m4ZO1gO5Tc-An8Po78EpzNsmK54Is9nmfemZHeLHtK8EuSzprwgq6ooCnkVc7vZaeHn_uHN6En2aMQbjEmJSvxw-yEkUIknJ1mP286QKYBG01rtIrGWaRsgxroYRe4FsWEDK6fPqefBlCYbOxUgF_ff1hnvaldcFvVowGGozzagAXkIQzOBlP3gFrnFzHvmlEfyXdTdNF9MxpFb6LRLpWer18jY3f5uw5URO1oN3MjFTuXxNHHyYN1Q-e82peZNJSHYV4nPM4etKoP8GR_n2Wf3lzeXLxbXX94e3Vxfr3SvCj5StRNIfK8ERyIzgtNKo6ZKoBTxVolOFa4pJy1pKyBNgVgTkRb5ayudE4oadhZ9mrRHcZ6C41Ozb3q5eDNVvlJOmXkccaaTm7cV1kIkgtCksCLvYB3X0YIUW5N0ND3yoIbg6SMMFZgQURCn_-D3rrR27ReoiiuygqzmVovlPYuBA_tYRiC5ewbOTtDzi6RO9-kimd_73Dg_xglAfkC3Jkepv_pycv3V4vwb5nk1bY</recordid><startdate>201912</startdate><enddate>201912</enddate><creator>Rawlinson, Catherine</creator><creator>See, Pao Theen</creator><creator>Moolhuijzen, Paula</creator><creator>Li, Hang</creator><creator>Moffat, Caroline S.</creator><creator>Chooi, Yit‐Heng</creator><creator>Oliver, Richard P.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-7524</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-4154</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-7612</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201912</creationdate><title>The identification and deletion of the polyketide synthase‐nonribosomal peptide synthase gene responsible for the production of the phytotoxic triticone A/B in the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis</title><author>Rawlinson, Catherine ; See, Pao Theen ; Moolhuijzen, Paula ; Li, Hang ; Moffat, Caroline S. ; Chooi, Yit‐Heng ; Oliver, Richard P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4674-9bd6955d94e1c56c18403a6e42a3fa940a07243f17be2d6e0419f853b8c5121d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Antimicrobial activity</topic><topic>Ascomycota - chemistry</topic><topic>Ascomycota - enzymology</topic><topic>Ascomycota - genetics</topic><topic>Ascomycota - metabolism</topic><topic>Australia</topic><topic>Bio-assays</topic><topic>Bioassays</topic><topic>Chlorosis</topic><topic>Chromatography, Liquid</topic><topic>Disease resistance</topic><topic>Filtrate</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>Gene Deletion</topic><topic>Identification</topic><topic>Lactams - chemistry</topic><topic>Lactams - metabolism</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Necrosis</topic><topic>Pathogenicity</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Peptide synthase</topic><topic>Peptide Synthases - genetics</topic><topic>Peptide Synthases - metabolism</topic><topic>Peptides</topic><topic>Plant Diseases - microbiology</topic><topic>Polyketide synthase</topic><topic>Polyketide Synthases - genetics</topic><topic>Polyketide Synthases - metabolism</topic><topic>Purification</topic><topic>Pyrenophora</topic><topic>Tan spot</topic><topic>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><topic>Triticum - microbiology</topic><topic>Water purification</topic><topic>Wheat</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rawlinson, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>See, Pao Theen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moolhuijzen, Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moffat, Caroline S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chooi, Yit‐Heng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliver, Richard P.</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Free Content</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Environmental microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rawlinson, Catherine</au><au>See, Pao Theen</au><au>Moolhuijzen, Paula</au><au>Li, Hang</au><au>Moffat, Caroline S.</au><au>Chooi, Yit‐Heng</au><au>Oliver, Richard P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The identification and deletion of the polyketide synthase‐nonribosomal peptide synthase gene responsible for the production of the phytotoxic triticone A/B in the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis</atitle><jtitle>Environmental microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Microbiol</addtitle><date>2019-12</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>4875</spage><epage>4886</epage><pages>4875-4886</pages><issn>1462-2912</issn><eissn>1462-2920</eissn><abstract>Summary
The economically important necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Ptr), causes tan spot of wheat, a disease typified by foliar necrosis and chlorosis. The culture filtrate of an Australian Ptr isolate, M4, possesses phytotoxic activity and plant bioassay guided discovery led to the purification of necrosis inducing toxins called triticone A and B. High‐resolution LC–MS/MS analysis of the culture filtrate identified an additional 37 triticone‐like compounds. The biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for triticone production (the Ttc cluster) was identified and deletion of TtcA, a hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)‐nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), abolished production of all triticones. The pathogenicity of mutant (ttcA) strains was not visibly affected in our assays. We hypothesize that triticones possess general antimicrobial activity important for competition in multi‐microbial environments.</abstract><cop>Hoboken, USA</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>31698543</pmid><doi>10.1111/1462-2920.14854</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-7524</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-4154</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-7612</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Antimicrobial activity Ascomycota - chemistry Ascomycota - enzymology Ascomycota - genetics Ascomycota - metabolism Australia Bio-assays Bioassays Chlorosis Chromatography, Liquid Disease resistance Filtrate Fungal Proteins - genetics Fungal Proteins - metabolism Fungi Gene Deletion Identification Lactams - chemistry Lactams - metabolism Microorganisms Necrosis Pathogenicity Pathogens Peptide synthase Peptide Synthases - genetics Peptide Synthases - metabolism Peptides Plant Diseases - microbiology Polyketide synthase Polyketide Synthases - genetics Polyketide Synthases - metabolism Purification Pyrenophora Tan spot Tandem Mass Spectrometry Toxins Triticum - microbiology Water purification Wheat |
title | The identification and deletion of the polyketide synthase‐nonribosomal peptide synthase gene responsible for the production of the phytotoxic triticone A/B in the wheat fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis |
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