Association of Dog and Cat Ownership with Incident Frailty among Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese
Accumulating evidence from studies of human–animal interaction highlights the physiological, psychological, and social benefits for older owners of dogs and cats. This longitudinal study examined whether experience of dog/cat ownership protects against incident frailty in a population of community-d...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2019-12, Vol.9 (1), p.18604-7, Article 18604 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 7 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 18604 |
| container_title | Scientific reports |
| container_volume | 9 |
| creator | Taniguchi, Yu Seino, Satoshi Nishi, Mariko Tomine, Yui Tanaka, Izumi Yokoyama, Yuri Ikeuchi, Tomoko Kitamura, Akihiko Shinkai, Shoji |
| description | Accumulating evidence from studies of human–animal interaction highlights the physiological, psychological, and social benefits for older owners of dogs and cats. This longitudinal study examined whether experience of dog/cat ownership protects against incident frailty in a population of community-dwelling older Japanese. Among 7881 non-frail community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older who completed a mail survey in 2016, 6,197 (mean [SD] age, 73.6 [5.3] years; 53.6% women) were reevaluated in a 2018 follow-up survey. Frailty was assessed with the Kaigo-Yobo Checklist. Incident frailty was defined as a score of four or higher in the follow-up survey. Overall, 870 (14.0%) were current dog/cat owners, 1878 (30.3%) were past owners and 3449 (55.7%) were never owners. During the 2-year follow-up period, 918 (14.8%) developed incident frailty. Mixed-effects logistic regression models showed that the odds ratio for incident frailty among dog/cat owners, as compared with never owners, current owners were 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–1.09) and past owner were 0.84 (0.71–0.98), after controlling for important confounders at baseline. In stratified analysis, the risk of incident frailty was lower for past dog owners than for cat owners. Longer experience of caring for a dog requires physical activity and increases time outdoors spent dog walking and thus may have an important role in maintaining physical and social function and reducing frailty risk among older adults. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-019-54955-9 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6901519</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2323082747</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-73fdb7fa3a20da22973c795ee17d938afe635f549d4f90a268d9bce6c98a42b23</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kUtPAyEUhYnRqFH_gAtD4nqUZ2fYmDStzzRxo2tyOzAtzQxUmNr034vW50Y2kHsP5x74EDql5IISXl0mQaWqCkJVIYWSslA76JARIQvGGdv9dT5AJyktSF6SKUHVPjrgtKKKKHaIzDClUDvoXfA4NHgcZhi8wSPo8ePa25jmbonXrp_je187Y32PbyK4tt9g6IKf4VHoupV3_aYYr23buly6bo2N7QY_wBK8TfYY7TXQJnvyuR-h55vrp9FdMXm8vR8NJ0UtStEXJW_MtGyAAyMGGFMlr0slraWlUbyCxg64bPJrjWgUATaojJrWdlCrCgSbMn6Erra-y9W0s6bOYSO0ehldB3GjAzj9t-PdXM_Cqx4oQiVV2eD80yCGl5VNvV6EVfQ5s84_yUnFSlFmFduq6hhSirb5nkCJfoejt3B0hqM_4Oh367Pf2b6vfKHIAr4VpNzyMxt_Zv9j-waiQ5wk</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2323082747</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Association of Dog and Cat Ownership with Incident Frailty among Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</source><source>Nature Free</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Taniguchi, Yu ; Seino, Satoshi ; Nishi, Mariko ; Tomine, Yui ; Tanaka, Izumi ; Yokoyama, Yuri ; Ikeuchi, Tomoko ; Kitamura, Akihiko ; Shinkai, Shoji</creator><creatorcontrib>Taniguchi, Yu ; Seino, Satoshi ; Nishi, Mariko ; Tomine, Yui ; Tanaka, Izumi ; Yokoyama, Yuri ; Ikeuchi, Tomoko ; Kitamura, Akihiko ; Shinkai, Shoji</creatorcontrib><description>Accumulating evidence from studies of human–animal interaction highlights the physiological, psychological, and social benefits for older owners of dogs and cats. This longitudinal study examined whether experience of dog/cat ownership protects against incident frailty in a population of community-dwelling older Japanese. Among 7881 non-frail community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older who completed a mail survey in 2016, 6,197 (mean [SD] age, 73.6 [5.3] years; 53.6% women) were reevaluated in a 2018 follow-up survey. Frailty was assessed with the Kaigo-Yobo Checklist. Incident frailty was defined as a score of four or higher in the follow-up survey. Overall, 870 (14.0%) were current dog/cat owners, 1878 (30.3%) were past owners and 3449 (55.7%) were never owners. During the 2-year follow-up period, 918 (14.8%) developed incident frailty. Mixed-effects logistic regression models showed that the odds ratio for incident frailty among dog/cat owners, as compared with never owners, current owners were 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–1.09) and past owner were 0.84 (0.71–0.98), after controlling for important confounders at baseline. In stratified analysis, the risk of incident frailty was lower for past dog owners than for cat owners. Longer experience of caring for a dog requires physical activity and increases time outdoors spent dog walking and thus may have an important role in maintaining physical and social function and reducing frailty risk among older adults.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54955-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31819092</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/308 ; 692/499 ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animal human relations ; Animals ; Cats ; Dogs ; Exercise ; Female ; Frail Elderly ; Frailty ; Geriatrics ; Human-Animal Bond ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Humans ; Independent Living ; Japan ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal studies ; Male ; multidisciplinary ; Odds Ratio ; Older people ; Pets ; Physical activity ; Regression analysis ; Risk ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Self Report ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Walking</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2019-12, Vol.9 (1), p.18604-7, Article 18604</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><rights>2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-73fdb7fa3a20da22973c795ee17d938afe635f549d4f90a268d9bce6c98a42b23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-73fdb7fa3a20da22973c795ee17d938afe635f549d4f90a268d9bce6c98a42b23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6901519/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6901519/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27922,27923,41118,42187,51574,53789,53791</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31819092$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Taniguchi, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seino, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishi, Mariko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomine, Yui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Izumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yokoyama, Yuri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikeuchi, Tomoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitamura, Akihiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shinkai, Shoji</creatorcontrib><title>Association of Dog and Cat Ownership with Incident Frailty among Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Accumulating evidence from studies of human–animal interaction highlights the physiological, psychological, and social benefits for older owners of dogs and cats. This longitudinal study examined whether experience of dog/cat ownership protects against incident frailty in a population of community-dwelling older Japanese. Among 7881 non-frail community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older who completed a mail survey in 2016, 6,197 (mean [SD] age, 73.6 [5.3] years; 53.6% women) were reevaluated in a 2018 follow-up survey. Frailty was assessed with the Kaigo-Yobo Checklist. Incident frailty was defined as a score of four or higher in the follow-up survey. Overall, 870 (14.0%) were current dog/cat owners, 1878 (30.3%) were past owners and 3449 (55.7%) were never owners. During the 2-year follow-up period, 918 (14.8%) developed incident frailty. Mixed-effects logistic regression models showed that the odds ratio for incident frailty among dog/cat owners, as compared with never owners, current owners were 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–1.09) and past owner were 0.84 (0.71–0.98), after controlling for important confounders at baseline. In stratified analysis, the risk of incident frailty was lower for past dog owners than for cat owners. Longer experience of caring for a dog requires physical activity and increases time outdoors spent dog walking and thus may have an important role in maintaining physical and social function and reducing frailty risk among older adults.</description><subject>692/308</subject><subject>692/499</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Animal human relations</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cats</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Frail Elderly</subject><subject>Frailty</subject><subject>Geriatrics</subject><subject>Human-Animal Bond</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Independent Living</subject><subject>Japan</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Longitudinal studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Pets</subject><subject>Physical activity</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Self Report</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Walking</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtPAyEUhYnRqFH_gAtD4nqUZ2fYmDStzzRxo2tyOzAtzQxUmNr034vW50Y2kHsP5x74EDql5IISXl0mQaWqCkJVIYWSslA76JARIQvGGdv9dT5AJyktSF6SKUHVPjrgtKKKKHaIzDClUDvoXfA4NHgcZhi8wSPo8ePa25jmbonXrp_je187Y32PbyK4tt9g6IKf4VHoupV3_aYYr23buly6bo2N7QY_wBK8TfYY7TXQJnvyuR-h55vrp9FdMXm8vR8NJ0UtStEXJW_MtGyAAyMGGFMlr0slraWlUbyCxg64bPJrjWgUATaojJrWdlCrCgSbMn6Erra-y9W0s6bOYSO0ehldB3GjAzj9t-PdXM_Cqx4oQiVV2eD80yCGl5VNvV6EVfQ5s84_yUnFSlFmFduq6hhSirb5nkCJfoejt3B0hqM_4Oh367Pf2b6vfKHIAr4VpNzyMxt_Zv9j-waiQ5wk</recordid><startdate>20191209</startdate><enddate>20191209</enddate><creator>Taniguchi, Yu</creator><creator>Seino, Satoshi</creator><creator>Nishi, Mariko</creator><creator>Tomine, Yui</creator><creator>Tanaka, Izumi</creator><creator>Yokoyama, Yuri</creator><creator>Ikeuchi, Tomoko</creator><creator>Kitamura, Akihiko</creator><creator>Shinkai, Shoji</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20191209</creationdate><title>Association of Dog and Cat Ownership with Incident Frailty among Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese</title><author>Taniguchi, Yu ; Seino, Satoshi ; Nishi, Mariko ; Tomine, Yui ; Tanaka, Izumi ; Yokoyama, Yuri ; Ikeuchi, Tomoko ; Kitamura, Akihiko ; Shinkai, Shoji</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-73fdb7fa3a20da22973c795ee17d938afe635f549d4f90a268d9bce6c98a42b23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>692/308</topic><topic>692/499</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Animal human relations</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Cats</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Frail Elderly</topic><topic>Frailty</topic><topic>Geriatrics</topic><topic>Human-Animal Bond</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Independent Living</topic><topic>Japan</topic><topic>Logistic Models</topic><topic>Longitudinal studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Pets</topic><topic>Physical activity</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Self Report</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Walking</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Taniguchi, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seino, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishi, Mariko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomine, Yui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Izumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yokoyama, Yuri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikeuchi, Tomoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitamura, Akihiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shinkai, Shoji</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Taniguchi, Yu</au><au>Seino, Satoshi</au><au>Nishi, Mariko</au><au>Tomine, Yui</au><au>Tanaka, Izumi</au><au>Yokoyama, Yuri</au><au>Ikeuchi, Tomoko</au><au>Kitamura, Akihiko</au><au>Shinkai, Shoji</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Association of Dog and Cat Ownership with Incident Frailty among Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2019-12-09</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>18604</spage><epage>7</epage><pages>18604-7</pages><artnum>18604</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Accumulating evidence from studies of human–animal interaction highlights the physiological, psychological, and social benefits for older owners of dogs and cats. This longitudinal study examined whether experience of dog/cat ownership protects against incident frailty in a population of community-dwelling older Japanese. Among 7881 non-frail community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older who completed a mail survey in 2016, 6,197 (mean [SD] age, 73.6 [5.3] years; 53.6% women) were reevaluated in a 2018 follow-up survey. Frailty was assessed with the Kaigo-Yobo Checklist. Incident frailty was defined as a score of four or higher in the follow-up survey. Overall, 870 (14.0%) were current dog/cat owners, 1878 (30.3%) were past owners and 3449 (55.7%) were never owners. During the 2-year follow-up period, 918 (14.8%) developed incident frailty. Mixed-effects logistic regression models showed that the odds ratio for incident frailty among dog/cat owners, as compared with never owners, current owners were 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–1.09) and past owner were 0.84 (0.71–0.98), after controlling for important confounders at baseline. In stratified analysis, the risk of incident frailty was lower for past dog owners than for cat owners. Longer experience of caring for a dog requires physical activity and increases time outdoors spent dog walking and thus may have an important role in maintaining physical and social function and reducing frailty risk among older adults.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>31819092</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-019-54955-9</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2045-2322 |
| ispartof | Scientific reports, 2019-12, Vol.9 (1), p.18604-7, Article 18604 |
| issn | 2045-2322 2045-2322 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6901519 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Springer Nature OA Free Journals; Nature Free; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | 692/308 692/499 Aged Aged, 80 and over Animal human relations Animals Cats Dogs Exercise Female Frail Elderly Frailty Geriatrics Human-Animal Bond Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Independent Living Japan Logistic Models Longitudinal studies Male multidisciplinary Odds Ratio Older people Pets Physical activity Regression analysis Risk Science Science (multidisciplinary) Self Report Surveys and Questionnaires Walking |
| title | Association of Dog and Cat Ownership with Incident Frailty among Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-09T17%3A19%3A29IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Association%20of%20Dog%20and%20Cat%20Ownership%20with%20Incident%20Frailty%20among%20Community-Dwelling%20Elderly%20Japanese&rft.jtitle=Scientific%20reports&rft.au=Taniguchi,%20Yu&rft.date=2019-12-09&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18604&rft.epage=7&rft.pages=18604-7&rft.artnum=18604&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/s41598-019-54955-9&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2323082747%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2323082747&rft_id=info:pmid/31819092&rfr_iscdi=true |