The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia Early in the Third Trimester on Small for Gestational Age and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Fetal Weight

Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women...

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Veröffentlicht in:BioMed research international 2019, Vol.2019 (2019), p.1-4
Hauptverfasser: İpekMüderris, İptisam, Acmaz, Banu, Demir, Mustafa Bertan, Sahin, Erdem, Madendag, Yusuf, Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure, Col Madendag, Ilknur, Açmaz, Gökhan
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creator İpekMüderris, İptisam
Acmaz, Banu
Demir, Mustafa Bertan
Sahin, Erdem
Madendag, Yusuf
Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure
Col Madendag, Ilknur
Açmaz, Gökhan
description Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb)  11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI
doi_str_mv 10.1155/2019/7613868
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb) &lt; 7 mg/dl (n = 80), (2) Hb 7–9.9 mg/dl (n = 320), (3) Hb 10–10.9 mg/dl (n = 1300), and (4) Hb &gt; 11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI &lt;30 kg/m2, nulliparity rates, and previous cesarean delivery rates were similar among groups. Ethnicity was significantly different in the severe and moderate anemia groups (&lt;0.001). Mean fetal weight was 2900 ± 80 g in the severe anemia group, 3050 ± 100 g in the moderate anemia group, 3350 ± 310 g in the mild anemia group, and 3400 ± 310 g in the control group. Fetal weight was significantly lower in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (&lt;0.001). The SGA rate was 18.7% in the severe anemia group, 12.1% in the moderate anemia group, 5.3% in the mild anemia group, and 4.9% in the control group. SGA was significantly higher in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (&lt;0.001). Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that early third trimester severe and moderate iron deficiency anemia was associated with SGA. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women may lead to low birth weight.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2019/7613868</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31886249</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age ; Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology ; Birth weight ; Birth Weight - physiology ; Body mass index ; Cesarean section ; Childbirth &amp; labor ; Chronic illnesses ; Cohort analysis ; Demographics ; Diabetes ; Disease ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Fetuses ; Gestation ; Gestational Age ; Gynecology ; Health risk assessment ; Hemoglobin ; Hemoglobins - analysis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age - physiology ; Iron ; Iron deficiency ; Iron deficiency anemia ; Low birth weight ; Male ; Medicine ; Menstruation ; Minority &amp; ethnic groups ; Mortality ; Nutrient deficiency ; Obstetrics ; Patient compliance ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy complications ; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic - epidemiology ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third - physiology ; Pregnant women ; Prenatal development ; Retrospective Studies ; Small for gestational age ; Systematic review ; Weight ; Womens health ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2019, Vol.2019 (2019), p.1-4</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2019 Ilknur Col Madendag et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Ilknur Col Madendag et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Ilknur Col Madendag et al. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-56e1bc3377a251c58ee451f5f468cee3ea941112f0caefe9a04cbf0522a14aa23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-56e1bc3377a251c58ee451f5f468cee3ea941112f0caefe9a04cbf0522a14aa23</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7622-2991 ; 0000-0001-6700-2236 ; 0000-0002-4215-3676 ; 0000-0001-6484-9132</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893279/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893279/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,887,4026,27930,27931,27932,53798,53800</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31886249$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Mahady, Gail</contributor><contributor>Gail Mahady</contributor><creatorcontrib>İpekMüderris, İptisam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acmaz, Banu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demir, Mustafa Bertan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahin, Erdem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madendag, Yusuf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Col Madendag, Ilknur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Açmaz, Gökhan</creatorcontrib><title>The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia Early in the Third Trimester on Small for Gestational Age and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Fetal Weight</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb) &lt; 7 mg/dl (n = 80), (2) Hb 7–9.9 mg/dl (n = 320), (3) Hb 10–10.9 mg/dl (n = 1300), and (4) Hb &gt; 11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI &lt;30 kg/m2, nulliparity rates, and previous cesarean delivery rates were similar among groups. Ethnicity was significantly different in the severe and moderate anemia groups (&lt;0.001). Mean fetal weight was 2900 ± 80 g in the severe anemia group, 3050 ± 100 g in the moderate anemia group, 3350 ± 310 g in the mild anemia group, and 3400 ± 310 g in the control group. Fetal weight was significantly lower in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (&lt;0.001). The SGA rate was 18.7% in the severe anemia group, 12.1% in the moderate anemia group, 5.3% in the mild anemia group, and 4.9% in the control group. SGA was significantly higher in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (&lt;0.001). Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that early third trimester severe and moderate iron deficiency anemia was associated with SGA. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women may lead to low birth weight.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Anemia</subject><subject>Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology</subject><subject>Birth weight</subject><subject>Birth Weight - physiology</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Cesarean section</subject><subject>Childbirth &amp; labor</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fetuses</subject><subject>Gestation</subject><subject>Gestational Age</subject><subject>Gynecology</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Hemoglobin</subject><subject>Hemoglobins - analysis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Infant, Small for Gestational Age - physiology</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Iron deficiency</subject><subject>Iron deficiency anemia</subject><subject>Low birth weight</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Menstruation</subject><subject>Minority &amp; ethnic groups</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nutrient deficiency</subject><subject>Obstetrics</subject><subject>Patient compliance</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy complications</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pregnancy Trimester, Third - physiology</subject><subject>Pregnant women</subject><subject>Prenatal development</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Small for gestational age</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Weight</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>2314-6133</issn><issn>2314-6141</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkt9rUzEUgC-iuDH35rMEfBG0Lr9umuuDUGc3BwPBVXwMp-lJb8Zt0uWmk_5n_nnm0tqpIJiXhOTLd05OTlU9Z_QtY3V9xilrzsaKCa30o-qYCyZHikn2-LAW4qg67ftbWoZmijbqaXUkmNaKy-a4-jFrkUydQ5tJdOQqxUA-ovPWY7BbMgm48kCmkLot8YHkQs9anxZklvwK-4yJlBs3K-g64mIil2UPso8BOjJZIoGwIB98yi35hn7Z5ndkQr5gTrFfl5D-Hsl5bGPK5CZvFtvB9Y8UBtEF5qLdiZ5VTxx0PZ7u55Pq68V0dv5pdP358up8cj2ysmnyqFbI5laI8Rh4zWytEWXNXO2k0hZRIDSSMcYdtYAOG6DSzh2tOQcmAbg4qd7vvOvNfIULiyEn6My6PB_S1kTw5s-T4FuzjPdG6UbwcVMEr_aCFO82pTxm5XuLXQcB46Y3XJSP4orXuqAv_0Jv4yaVUg4Upw2litMHagkdGh9cLHHtIDWT8vdKl7CiUG92lC217hO6Q8qMmqF3zNA7Zt87BX_x-zMP8K9OKcDrHdD6sIDv_j91WBh08EAzPpZSi58XetX4</recordid><startdate>2019</startdate><enddate>2019</enddate><creator>İpekMüderris, İptisam</creator><creator>Acmaz, Banu</creator><creator>Demir, Mustafa Bertan</creator><creator>Sahin, Erdem</creator><creator>Madendag, Yusuf</creator><creator>Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure</creator><creator>Col Madendag, Ilknur</creator><creator>Açmaz, Gökhan</creator><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi</general><general>John Wiley &amp; 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Acmaz, Banu ; Demir, Mustafa Bertan ; Sahin, Erdem ; Madendag, Yusuf ; Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure ; Col Madendag, Ilknur ; Açmaz, Gökhan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-56e1bc3377a251c58ee451f5f468cee3ea941112f0caefe9a04cbf0522a14aa23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Anemia</topic><topic>Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology</topic><topic>Birth weight</topic><topic>Birth Weight - physiology</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Cesarean section</topic><topic>Childbirth &amp; labor</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fetuses</topic><topic>Gestation</topic><topic>Gestational Age</topic><topic>Gynecology</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Hemoglobin</topic><topic>Hemoglobins - analysis</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Infant, Small for Gestational Age - physiology</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Iron deficiency</topic><topic>Iron deficiency anemia</topic><topic>Low birth weight</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Menstruation</topic><topic>Minority &amp; ethnic groups</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Nutrient deficiency</topic><topic>Obstetrics</topic><topic>Patient compliance</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy complications</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pregnancy Trimester, Third - physiology</topic><topic>Pregnant women</topic><topic>Prenatal development</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Small for gestational age</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Weight</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>İpekMüderris, İptisam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acmaz, Banu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demir, Mustafa Bertan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahin, Erdem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madendag, Yusuf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Col Madendag, Ilknur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Açmaz, Gökhan</creatorcontrib><collection>الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - e-Marefa Academic and Statistical Periodicals</collection><collection>معرفة - المحتوى العربي الأكاديمي المتكامل - e-Marefa Academic Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health &amp; 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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb) &lt; 7 mg/dl (n = 80), (2) Hb 7–9.9 mg/dl (n = 320), (3) Hb 10–10.9 mg/dl (n = 1300), and (4) Hb &gt; 11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI &lt;30 kg/m2, nulliparity rates, and previous cesarean delivery rates were similar among groups. Ethnicity was significantly different in the severe and moderate anemia groups (&lt;0.001). Mean fetal weight was 2900 ± 80 g in the severe anemia group, 3050 ± 100 g in the moderate anemia group, 3350 ± 310 g in the mild anemia group, and 3400 ± 310 g in the control group. Fetal weight was significantly lower in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (&lt;0.001). The SGA rate was 18.7% in the severe anemia group, 12.1% in the moderate anemia group, 5.3% in the mild anemia group, and 4.9% in the control group. SGA was significantly higher in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (&lt;0.001). Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that early third trimester severe and moderate iron deficiency anemia was associated with SGA. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women may lead to low birth weight.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</pub><pmid>31886249</pmid><doi>10.1155/2019/7613868</doi><tpages>4</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-2991</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6700-2236</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-3676</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6484-9132</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Adult
Age
Anemia
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology
Birth weight
Birth Weight - physiology
Body mass index
Cesarean section
Childbirth & labor
Chronic illnesses
Cohort analysis
Demographics
Diabetes
Disease
Ethnicity
Female
Fetuses
Gestation
Gestational Age
Gynecology
Health risk assessment
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobins - analysis
Humans
Hypertension
Infant, Small for Gestational Age - physiology
Iron
Iron deficiency
Iron deficiency anemia
Low birth weight
Male
Medicine
Menstruation
Minority & ethnic groups
Mortality
Nutrient deficiency
Obstetrics
Patient compliance
Pregnancy
Pregnancy complications
Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic - epidemiology
Pregnancy Trimester, Third - physiology
Pregnant women
Prenatal development
Retrospective Studies
Small for gestational age
Systematic review
Weight
Womens health
Young Adult
title The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia Early in the Third Trimester on Small for Gestational Age and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Fetal Weight
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