The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia Early in the Third Trimester on Small for Gestational Age and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Fetal Weight
Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women...
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creator | İpekMüderris, İptisam Acmaz, Banu Demir, Mustafa Bertan Sahin, Erdem Madendag, Yusuf Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure Col Madendag, Ilknur Açmaz, Gökhan |
description | Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb) 11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI |
doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2019/7613868 |
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb) < 7 mg/dl (n = 80), (2) Hb 7–9.9 mg/dl (n = 320), (3) Hb 10–10.9 mg/dl (n = 1300), and (4) Hb > 11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI <30 kg/m2, nulliparity rates, and previous cesarean delivery rates were similar among groups. Ethnicity was significantly different in the severe and moderate anemia groups (<0.001). Mean fetal weight was 2900 ± 80 g in the severe anemia group, 3050 ± 100 g in the moderate anemia group, 3350 ± 310 g in the mild anemia group, and 3400 ± 310 g in the control group. Fetal weight was significantly lower in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). The SGA rate was 18.7% in the severe anemia group, 12.1% in the moderate anemia group, 5.3% in the mild anemia group, and 4.9% in the control group. SGA was significantly higher in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that early third trimester severe and moderate iron deficiency anemia was associated with SGA. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women may lead to low birth weight.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2019/7613868</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31886249</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age ; Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology ; Birth weight ; Birth Weight - physiology ; Body mass index ; Cesarean section ; Childbirth & labor ; Chronic illnesses ; Cohort analysis ; Demographics ; Diabetes ; Disease ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Fetuses ; Gestation ; Gestational Age ; Gynecology ; Health risk assessment ; Hemoglobin ; Hemoglobins - analysis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age - physiology ; Iron ; Iron deficiency ; Iron deficiency anemia ; Low birth weight ; Male ; Medicine ; Menstruation ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Mortality ; Nutrient deficiency ; Obstetrics ; Patient compliance ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy complications ; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic - epidemiology ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third - physiology ; Pregnant women ; Prenatal development ; Retrospective Studies ; Small for gestational age ; Systematic review ; Weight ; Womens health ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2019, Vol.2019 (2019), p.1-4</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2019 Ilknur Col Madendag et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Ilknur Col Madendag et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Ilknur Col Madendag et al. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-56e1bc3377a251c58ee451f5f468cee3ea941112f0caefe9a04cbf0522a14aa23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-56e1bc3377a251c58ee451f5f468cee3ea941112f0caefe9a04cbf0522a14aa23</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7622-2991 ; 0000-0001-6700-2236 ; 0000-0002-4215-3676 ; 0000-0001-6484-9132</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893279/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893279/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,886,4025,27928,27929,27930,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31886249$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Mahady, Gail</contributor><contributor>Gail Mahady</contributor><creatorcontrib>İpekMüderris, İptisam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acmaz, Banu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demir, Mustafa Bertan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahin, Erdem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madendag, Yusuf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Col Madendag, Ilknur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Açmaz, Gökhan</creatorcontrib><title>The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia Early in the Third Trimester on Small for Gestational Age and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Fetal Weight</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb) < 7 mg/dl (n = 80), (2) Hb 7–9.9 mg/dl (n = 320), (3) Hb 10–10.9 mg/dl (n = 1300), and (4) Hb > 11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI <30 kg/m2, nulliparity rates, and previous cesarean delivery rates were similar among groups. Ethnicity was significantly different in the severe and moderate anemia groups (<0.001). Mean fetal weight was 2900 ± 80 g in the severe anemia group, 3050 ± 100 g in the moderate anemia group, 3350 ± 310 g in the mild anemia group, and 3400 ± 310 g in the control group. Fetal weight was significantly lower in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). The SGA rate was 18.7% in the severe anemia group, 12.1% in the moderate anemia group, 5.3% in the mild anemia group, and 4.9% in the control group. SGA was significantly higher in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that early third trimester severe and moderate iron deficiency anemia was associated with SGA. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women may lead to low birth weight.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Anemia</subject><subject>Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology</subject><subject>Birth weight</subject><subject>Birth Weight - physiology</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Cesarean section</subject><subject>Childbirth & labor</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fetuses</subject><subject>Gestation</subject><subject>Gestational Age</subject><subject>Gynecology</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Hemoglobin</subject><subject>Hemoglobins - analysis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Infant, Small for Gestational Age - physiology</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Iron deficiency</subject><subject>Iron deficiency anemia</subject><subject>Low birth weight</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Menstruation</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nutrient deficiency</subject><subject>Obstetrics</subject><subject>Patient compliance</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy complications</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pregnancy Trimester, Third - physiology</subject><subject>Pregnant women</subject><subject>Prenatal development</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Small for gestational age</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Weight</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>2314-6133</issn><issn>2314-6141</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkt9rUzEUgC-iuDH35rMEfBG0Lr9umuuDUGc3BwPBVXwMp-lJb8Zt0uWmk_5n_nnm0tqpIJiXhOTLd05OTlU9Z_QtY3V9xilrzsaKCa30o-qYCyZHikn2-LAW4qg67ftbWoZmijbqaXUkmNaKy-a4-jFrkUydQ5tJdOQqxUA-ovPWY7BbMgm48kCmkLot8YHkQs9anxZklvwK-4yJlBs3K-g64mIil2UPso8BOjJZIoGwIB98yi35hn7Z5ndkQr5gTrFfl5D-Hsl5bGPK5CZvFtvB9Y8UBtEF5qLdiZ5VTxx0PZ7u55Pq68V0dv5pdP358up8cj2ysmnyqFbI5laI8Rh4zWytEWXNXO2k0hZRIDSSMcYdtYAOG6DSzh2tOQcmAbg4qd7vvOvNfIULiyEn6My6PB_S1kTw5s-T4FuzjPdG6UbwcVMEr_aCFO82pTxm5XuLXQcB46Y3XJSP4orXuqAv_0Jv4yaVUg4Upw2litMHagkdGh9cLHHtIDWT8vdKl7CiUG92lC217hO6Q8qMmqF3zNA7Zt87BX_x-zMP8K9OKcDrHdD6sIDv_j91WBh08EAzPpZSi58XetX4</recordid><startdate>2019</startdate><enddate>2019</enddate><creator>İpekMüderris, İptisam</creator><creator>Acmaz, Banu</creator><creator>Demir, Mustafa Bertan</creator><creator>Sahin, Erdem</creator><creator>Madendag, Yusuf</creator><creator>Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure</creator><creator>Col Madendag, Ilknur</creator><creator>Açmaz, Gökhan</creator><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CWDGH</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-2991</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6700-2236</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-3676</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6484-9132</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2019</creationdate><title>The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia Early in the Third Trimester on Small for Gestational Age and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Fetal Weight</title><author>İpekMüderris, İptisam ; Acmaz, Banu ; Demir, Mustafa Bertan ; Sahin, Erdem ; Madendag, Yusuf ; Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure ; Col Madendag, Ilknur ; Açmaz, Gökhan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-56e1bc3377a251c58ee451f5f468cee3ea941112f0caefe9a04cbf0522a14aa23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Anemia</topic><topic>Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology</topic><topic>Birth weight</topic><topic>Birth Weight - physiology</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Cesarean section</topic><topic>Childbirth & labor</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fetuses</topic><topic>Gestation</topic><topic>Gestational Age</topic><topic>Gynecology</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Hemoglobin</topic><topic>Hemoglobins - analysis</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Infant, Small for Gestational Age - physiology</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Iron deficiency</topic><topic>Iron deficiency anemia</topic><topic>Low birth weight</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Menstruation</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Nutrient deficiency</topic><topic>Obstetrics</topic><topic>Patient compliance</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy complications</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pregnancy Trimester, Third - physiology</topic><topic>Pregnant women</topic><topic>Prenatal development</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Small for gestational age</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Weight</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>İpekMüderris, İptisam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acmaz, Banu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demir, Mustafa Bertan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahin, Erdem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madendag, Yusuf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Col Madendag, Ilknur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Açmaz, Gökhan</creatorcontrib><collection>الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - e-Marefa Academic and Statistical Periodicals</collection><collection>معرفة - المحتوى العربي الأكاديمي المتكامل - e-Marefa Academic Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (1962 - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>İpekMüderris, İptisam</au><au>Acmaz, Banu</au><au>Demir, Mustafa Bertan</au><au>Sahin, Erdem</au><au>Madendag, Yusuf</au><au>Eraslan Sahin, Mefkure</au><au>Col Madendag, Ilknur</au><au>Açmaz, Gökhan</au><au>Mahady, Gail</au><au>Gail Mahady</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia Early in the Third Trimester on Small for Gestational Age and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Fetal Weight</atitle><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><date>2019</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>2019</volume><issue>2019</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>4</epage><pages>1-4</pages><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb) < 7 mg/dl (n = 80), (2) Hb 7–9.9 mg/dl (n = 320), (3) Hb 10–10.9 mg/dl (n = 1300), and (4) Hb > 11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI <30 kg/m2, nulliparity rates, and previous cesarean delivery rates were similar among groups. Ethnicity was significantly different in the severe and moderate anemia groups (<0.001). Mean fetal weight was 2900 ± 80 g in the severe anemia group, 3050 ± 100 g in the moderate anemia group, 3350 ± 310 g in the mild anemia group, and 3400 ± 310 g in the control group. Fetal weight was significantly lower in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). The SGA rate was 18.7% in the severe anemia group, 12.1% in the moderate anemia group, 5.3% in the mild anemia group, and 4.9% in the control group. SGA was significantly higher in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that early third trimester severe and moderate iron deficiency anemia was associated with SGA. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women may lead to low birth weight.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</pub><pmid>31886249</pmid><doi>10.1155/2019/7613868</doi><tpages>4</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-2991</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6700-2236</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-3676</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6484-9132</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Age Anemia Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology Birth weight Birth Weight - physiology Body mass index Cesarean section Childbirth & labor Chronic illnesses Cohort analysis Demographics Diabetes Disease Ethnicity Female Fetuses Gestation Gestational Age Gynecology Health risk assessment Hemoglobin Hemoglobins - analysis Humans Hypertension Infant, Small for Gestational Age - physiology Iron Iron deficiency Iron deficiency anemia Low birth weight Male Medicine Menstruation Minority & ethnic groups Mortality Nutrient deficiency Obstetrics Patient compliance Pregnancy Pregnancy complications Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic - epidemiology Pregnancy Trimester, Third - physiology Pregnant women Prenatal development Retrospective Studies Small for gestational age Systematic review Weight Womens health Young Adult |
title | The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia Early in the Third Trimester on Small for Gestational Age and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Fetal Weight |
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