Clarifying stress-internalizing associations: Stress frequency and appraisals of severity and controllability are differentially related to depression-specific, anxiety-specific, and transdiagnostic internalizing factors

•Stressor frequency is transdiagnostically related to internalizing psychopathology.•Perceived lack of control over stressors is associated with depression specifically.•Number of recent high-severity stressors is associated with anxiety specifically. Dependent (self-generated) stress is a strong ri...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of affective disorders 2020-01, Vol.260, p.638-645
Hauptverfasser: Fassett-Carman, Alyssa N., DiDomenico, Grace E., von Steiger, Joy, Snyder, Hannah R.
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container_end_page 645
container_issue
container_start_page 638
container_title Journal of affective disorders
container_volume 260
creator Fassett-Carman, Alyssa N.
DiDomenico, Grace E.
von Steiger, Joy
Snyder, Hannah R.
description •Stressor frequency is transdiagnostically related to internalizing psychopathology.•Perceived lack of control over stressors is associated with depression specifically.•Number of recent high-severity stressors is associated with anxiety specifically. Dependent (self-generated) stress is a strong risk factor for depression and anxiety, but perceptions of stress can alter its impact. Appraisals of dependent stress controllability and severity additionally relate to depression and anxiety over and above stress exposure. Due to the high comorbidity of depression and anxiety, it is unclear whether dependent stress frequency and appraisals relate specifically to depression or anxiety or are transdiagnostically associated shared aspects of internalizing disorders. Consistent with the tripartite model, the current study represented internalizing symptoms with three latent factors – depression-specific, anxiety-specific, and common internalizing – and tested how dependent stress frequency and appraisals of controllability and severity were associated with these factors. Bifactor modeling was used to create the latent internalizing factors in a treatment-seeking sample of emerging adults (n = 356). Structural equation models tested dependent stress frequency and appraisals of controllability and severity as predictors of these latent factors. Dependent stress frequency was associated with common internalizing while perceived controllability was associated uniquely with depression-specific variance. Continuous stress severity was not associated with latent factors, but high-severity stressors were associated with anxiety-specific variance. Without longitudinal data conclusions regarding temporal directionality cannot be made. Participants’ appraisals of stressors could not be compared to expert ratings. Dependent stress frequency, controllability appraisals, and high-severity stressful events have distinct links with different dimensions of internalizing psychopathology. This suggests there may be several distinct mediating mechanisms between stress constructs and psychopathology, which have potential to serve as targets for intervention.
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Dependent (self-generated) stress is a strong risk factor for depression and anxiety, but perceptions of stress can alter its impact. Appraisals of dependent stress controllability and severity additionally relate to depression and anxiety over and above stress exposure. Due to the high comorbidity of depression and anxiety, it is unclear whether dependent stress frequency and appraisals relate specifically to depression or anxiety or are transdiagnostically associated shared aspects of internalizing disorders. Consistent with the tripartite model, the current study represented internalizing symptoms with three latent factors – depression-specific, anxiety-specific, and common internalizing – and tested how dependent stress frequency and appraisals of controllability and severity were associated with these factors. Bifactor modeling was used to create the latent internalizing factors in a treatment-seeking sample of emerging adults (n = 356). Structural equation models tested dependent stress frequency and appraisals of controllability and severity as predictors of these latent factors. Dependent stress frequency was associated with common internalizing while perceived controllability was associated uniquely with depression-specific variance. Continuous stress severity was not associated with latent factors, but high-severity stressors were associated with anxiety-specific variance. Without longitudinal data conclusions regarding temporal directionality cannot be made. Participants’ appraisals of stressors could not be compared to expert ratings. Dependent stress frequency, controllability appraisals, and high-severity stressful events have distinct links with different dimensions of internalizing psychopathology. 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source MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)
subjects Adolescent
Adult
Anxiety
Anxiety Disorders - diagnosis
Anxiety Disorders - psychology
Comorbidity
Controllability
Defense Mechanisms
Depression
Depressive Disorder - diagnosis
Depressive Disorder - psychology
Emerging adulthood
Female
Humans
Internalizing
Latent Class Analysis
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Neuropsychological Tests
Psychopathology
Risk Factors
Stress
Stress, Psychological - psychology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Young Adult
title Clarifying stress-internalizing associations: Stress frequency and appraisals of severity and controllability are differentially related to depression-specific, anxiety-specific, and transdiagnostic internalizing factors
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