Enhancement of Viscoelastic and Electrical Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers with Nanosized Ni-Mg Cobalt-Ferrites as Fillers
Carbon-based particles, such as graphite and graphene, have been widely used as a filler in magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) fabrication in order to obtain electrical properties of the material. However, these kinds of fillers normally require a very high concentration of particles to enhance the...
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creator | Abdul Aziz, Siti Aishah Mazlan, Saiful Amri Ubaidillah, U Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi Yunus, Nurul Azhani Nordin, Nur Azmah Choi, Seung-Bok Rosnan, Rizuan Mohd |
description | Carbon-based particles, such as graphite and graphene, have been widely used as a filler in magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) fabrication in order to obtain electrical properties of the material. However, these kinds of fillers normally require a very high concentration of particles to enhance the conductivity property. Therefore, in this study, the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrite is introduced as a filler to soften MRE and, at the same time, improve magnetic, rheological, and conductivity properties. Three types of MRE samples without and with different compositions of Mg, namely Co0.5Ni0.2Mg0.3Fe2O4 (A1) and Co0.5Ni0.1Mg0.4Fe2O4 (A2), are fabricated. The characterization related to the micrograph, magnetic, and rheological properties of the MRE samples are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the rheometer. Meanwhile, the effect of the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites on the electrical resistance property is investigated and compared with the different Mg compositions. It is shown that the storage modulus of the MRE sample with the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites is 43% higher than that of the MRE sample without the nanomaterials. In addition, it is demonstrated that MREs with the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites exhibit relatively low electrical resistance at the on-state as compared to the off-state condition, because MRE with a higher Mg composition shows lower electrical resistance when higher current flow occurs through the materials. This salient property of the proposed MRE can be effectively and potentially used as an actuator to control the viscoelastic property of the magnetic field or sensors to measure the strain of the flexible structures by the electrical resistance signal. |
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However, these kinds of fillers normally require a very high concentration of particles to enhance the conductivity property. Therefore, in this study, the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrite is introduced as a filler to soften MRE and, at the same time, improve magnetic, rheological, and conductivity properties. Three types of MRE samples without and with different compositions of Mg, namely Co0.5Ni0.2Mg0.3Fe2O4 (A1) and Co0.5Ni0.1Mg0.4Fe2O4 (A2), are fabricated. The characterization related to the micrograph, magnetic, and rheological properties of the MRE samples are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the rheometer. Meanwhile, the effect of the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites on the electrical resistance property is investigated and compared with the different Mg compositions. It is shown that the storage modulus of the MRE sample with the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites is 43% higher than that of the MRE sample without the nanomaterials. In addition, it is demonstrated that MREs with the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites exhibit relatively low electrical resistance at the on-state as compared to the off-state condition, because MRE with a higher Mg composition shows lower electrical resistance when higher current flow occurs through the materials. This salient property of the proposed MRE can be effectively and potentially used as an actuator to control the viscoelastic property of the magnetic field or sensors to measure the strain of the flexible structures by the electrical resistance signal.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma12213531</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31661837</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Actuators ; Additives ; Carbon ; Cobalt ferrites ; Composition ; Curing ; Elastomers ; Electric properties ; Electrical properties ; Electrical resistance ; Fillers ; Flexible structures ; Flow resistance ; Graphene ; Graphite ; Magnetic properties ; Magnetometers ; Morphology ; Nanomaterials ; Nanoparticles ; Nickel ; Photomicrographs ; Rheological properties ; Rheology ; Storage modulus ; Viscoelasticity</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2019-10, Vol.12 (21), p.3531</ispartof><rights>2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-89137cc50119cd8c59c8c2b9471b2e049ce2f601a79692f657de3082285b29773</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-89137cc50119cd8c59c8c2b9471b2e049ce2f601a79692f657de3082285b29773</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6262-2815 ; 0000-0002-4016-3563 ; 0000-0002-4889-4512 ; 0000-0002-7190-5849 ; 0000-0002-0096-8877</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6862635/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6862635/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Abdul Aziz, Siti Aishah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazlan, Saiful Amri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ubaidillah, U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yunus, Nurul Azhani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nordin, Nur Azmah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Seung-Bok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosnan, Rizuan Mohd</creatorcontrib><title>Enhancement of Viscoelastic and Electrical Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers with Nanosized Ni-Mg Cobalt-Ferrites as Fillers</title><title>Materials</title><description>Carbon-based particles, such as graphite and graphene, have been widely used as a filler in magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) fabrication in order to obtain electrical properties of the material. However, these kinds of fillers normally require a very high concentration of particles to enhance the conductivity property. Therefore, in this study, the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrite is introduced as a filler to soften MRE and, at the same time, improve magnetic, rheological, and conductivity properties. Three types of MRE samples without and with different compositions of Mg, namely Co0.5Ni0.2Mg0.3Fe2O4 (A1) and Co0.5Ni0.1Mg0.4Fe2O4 (A2), are fabricated. The characterization related to the micrograph, magnetic, and rheological properties of the MRE samples are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the rheometer. Meanwhile, the effect of the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites on the electrical resistance property is investigated and compared with the different Mg compositions. It is shown that the storage modulus of the MRE sample with the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites is 43% higher than that of the MRE sample without the nanomaterials. In addition, it is demonstrated that MREs with the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites exhibit relatively low electrical resistance at the on-state as compared to the off-state condition, because MRE with a higher Mg composition shows lower electrical resistance when higher current flow occurs through the materials. This salient property of the proposed MRE can be effectively and potentially used as an actuator to control the viscoelastic property of the magnetic field or sensors to measure the strain of the flexible structures by the electrical resistance signal.</description><subject>Actuators</subject><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Cobalt ferrites</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Curing</subject><subject>Elastomers</subject><subject>Electric properties</subject><subject>Electrical properties</subject><subject>Electrical resistance</subject><subject>Fillers</subject><subject>Flexible structures</subject><subject>Flow resistance</subject><subject>Graphene</subject><subject>Graphite</subject><subject>Magnetic properties</subject><subject>Magnetometers</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nanomaterials</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Photomicrographs</subject><subject>Rheological properties</subject><subject>Rheology</subject><subject>Storage modulus</subject><subject>Viscoelasticity</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc9uEzEQxq0KRKu0F57AUi8IaVv_2fXaFyQUJVCpLT20vVpe7yRx5bWD7YDgAfrcOLSCwlxmpPnNp5lvEHpLyRnnipxPhjJGecfpATqiSomGqrZ99aI-RCc5P5AanFPJ1Bt0yKkQVPL-CD0uwsYECxOEguMK37tsI3iTi7PYhBEvPNiSnDUe36S4hVQc5D15ZdYBSkwbiD6ufwOL_VycIGX83ZUNvjYhZvcTRnztmqs1nsfB-NIsISVXqorJeOm8r_wxer0yPsPJc56hu-Xidv65ufzy6WL-8bKxXPLSSEV5b21HKFV2lLZTVlo2qLanAwPSKgtsJQg1vRKqVl0_AieSMdkNTPU9n6EPT7rb3TDBaOvVyXi9TW4y6YeOxul_O8Ft9Dp-00IKJqrLM_TuWSDFrzvIRU_VMfDeBIi7rBmnRAiplKro6X_oQ9ylUM_TrGulkC0XrFLvnyibYs4JVn-WoUTvP6z_fpj_AvZwmEw</recordid><startdate>20191028</startdate><enddate>20191028</enddate><creator>Abdul Aziz, Siti Aishah</creator><creator>Mazlan, Saiful Amri</creator><creator>Ubaidillah, U</creator><creator>Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi</creator><creator>Yunus, Nurul Azhani</creator><creator>Nordin, Nur Azmah</creator><creator>Choi, Seung-Bok</creator><creator>Rosnan, Rizuan Mohd</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-2815</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4016-3563</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4889-4512</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7190-5849</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-8877</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191028</creationdate><title>Enhancement of Viscoelastic and Electrical Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers with Nanosized Ni-Mg Cobalt-Ferrites as Fillers</title><author>Abdul Aziz, Siti Aishah ; Mazlan, Saiful Amri ; Ubaidillah, U ; Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi ; Yunus, Nurul Azhani ; Nordin, Nur Azmah ; Choi, Seung-Bok ; Rosnan, Rizuan Mohd</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-89137cc50119cd8c59c8c2b9471b2e049ce2f601a79692f657de3082285b29773</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Actuators</topic><topic>Additives</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Cobalt ferrites</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>Curing</topic><topic>Elastomers</topic><topic>Electric properties</topic><topic>Electrical properties</topic><topic>Electrical resistance</topic><topic>Fillers</topic><topic>Flexible structures</topic><topic>Flow resistance</topic><topic>Graphene</topic><topic>Graphite</topic><topic>Magnetic properties</topic><topic>Magnetometers</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nanomaterials</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nickel</topic><topic>Photomicrographs</topic><topic>Rheological properties</topic><topic>Rheology</topic><topic>Storage modulus</topic><topic>Viscoelasticity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Abdul Aziz, Siti Aishah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazlan, Saiful Amri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ubaidillah, U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yunus, Nurul Azhani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nordin, Nur Azmah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Seung-Bok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosnan, Rizuan Mohd</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abdul Aziz, Siti Aishah</au><au>Mazlan, Saiful Amri</au><au>Ubaidillah, U</au><au>Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi</au><au>Yunus, Nurul Azhani</au><au>Nordin, Nur Azmah</au><au>Choi, Seung-Bok</au><au>Rosnan, Rizuan Mohd</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Enhancement of Viscoelastic and Electrical Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers with Nanosized Ni-Mg Cobalt-Ferrites as Fillers</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><date>2019-10-28</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>3531</spage><pages>3531-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>Carbon-based particles, such as graphite and graphene, have been widely used as a filler in magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) fabrication in order to obtain electrical properties of the material. However, these kinds of fillers normally require a very high concentration of particles to enhance the conductivity property. Therefore, in this study, the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrite is introduced as a filler to soften MRE and, at the same time, improve magnetic, rheological, and conductivity properties. Three types of MRE samples without and with different compositions of Mg, namely Co0.5Ni0.2Mg0.3Fe2O4 (A1) and Co0.5Ni0.1Mg0.4Fe2O4 (A2), are fabricated. The characterization related to the micrograph, magnetic, and rheological properties of the MRE samples are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the rheometer. Meanwhile, the effect of the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites on the electrical resistance property is investigated and compared with the different Mg compositions. It is shown that the storage modulus of the MRE sample with the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites is 43% higher than that of the MRE sample without the nanomaterials. In addition, it is demonstrated that MREs with the nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites exhibit relatively low electrical resistance at the on-state as compared to the off-state condition, because MRE with a higher Mg composition shows lower electrical resistance when higher current flow occurs through the materials. This salient property of the proposed MRE can be effectively and potentially used as an actuator to control the viscoelastic property of the magnetic field or sensors to measure the strain of the flexible structures by the electrical resistance signal.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>31661837</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma12213531</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-2815</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4016-3563</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4889-4512</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7190-5849</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-8877</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Actuators Additives Carbon Cobalt ferrites Composition Curing Elastomers Electric properties Electrical properties Electrical resistance Fillers Flexible structures Flow resistance Graphene Graphite Magnetic properties Magnetometers Morphology Nanomaterials Nanoparticles Nickel Photomicrographs Rheological properties Rheology Storage modulus Viscoelasticity |
title | Enhancement of Viscoelastic and Electrical Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers with Nanosized Ni-Mg Cobalt-Ferrites as Fillers |
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