Differential Relationship between Tobacco Control Policies and U.S. Adult Current Smoking by Poverty
The study's purpose was to identify differences in the relationship between tobacco control policies and smoking by poverty. We matched state smoke-free air law coverage (SFALs), tobacco control funding (TCF), and cigarette taxes with individual current smoking and demographics from supplements...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2019-10, Vol.16 (21), p.4130 |
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| creator | Dutra, Lauren M Farrelly, Matthew C Nonnemaker, James Bradfield, Brian Gaber, Jennifer Patel, Minal Hair, Elizabeth C |
| description | The study's purpose was to identify differences in the relationship between tobacco control policies and smoking by poverty. We matched state smoke-free air law coverage (SFALs), tobacco control funding (TCF), and cigarette taxes with individual current smoking and demographics from supplements to the Current Population Survey (1985-2015). We regressed (logistic) smoking on policy variables, poverty ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph16214130 |
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= 0.050). Among adults, SFALs, TCF, and tax were associated with less current smoking, and SFALs and TCF had differential relationships with smoking by poverty.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214130</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31717748</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adults ; Census of Population ; Cigarette smoking ; Cigarettes ; Disease ; Excise taxes ; Funding ; Health risks ; High income ; Homeless people ; Homelessness ; Households ; Housing ; Humans ; Indoor environments ; Low income groups ; Medicaid ; Middle Aged ; Mortality rates ; Poverty ; Public housing ; Public Policy ; Restaurants ; Restaurants - legislation & jurisprudence ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Shelters ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Smoking Prevention - legislation & jurisprudence ; Socioeconomic factors ; Taxation ; Taxes ; Taxes - legislation & jurisprudence ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Products - economics ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution - legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; Variables ; Workplace - legislation & jurisprudence ; Workplaces</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019-10, Vol.16 (21), p.4130</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-162b8e43bb215849dc8ace64ec2e74a27c1cd0bd9211036ced3e0800ba779b7f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-162b8e43bb215849dc8ace64ec2e74a27c1cd0bd9211036ced3e0800ba779b7f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8505-7994 ; 0000-0002-1682-5440</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6862047/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6862047/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27344,27924,27925,33774,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31717748$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dutra, Lauren M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farrelly, Matthew C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nonnemaker, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bradfield, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaber, Jennifer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patel, Minal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hair, Elizabeth C</creatorcontrib><title>Differential Relationship between Tobacco Control Policies and U.S. Adult Current Smoking by Poverty</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>The study's purpose was to identify differences in the relationship between tobacco control policies and smoking by poverty. We matched state smoke-free air law coverage (SFALs), tobacco control funding (TCF), and cigarette taxes with individual current smoking and demographics from supplements to the Current Population Survey (1985-2015). We regressed (logistic) smoking on policy variables, poverty (<138% of poverty line versus ≥138% of poverty line), interactions of policy and poverty, and covariates, presenting beta coefficients instead of odds ratios because it is difficult to interpret interactions using odds ratios (they are ratios of odds ratios). We coded SFALs as (1) proportion of state covered by 100% workplace, restaurant and bar laws (SFAL-All) or (2) proportion of state covered by workplace laws (SFAL-WP) and proportion covered by restaurant or bar laws (SFAL-RB). In the SFAL-All model, SFAL-All (Beta coeff: -0.03, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.002), tax (Coeff: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.07, -0.05), and TCF (Coeff: -0.01, 95% CI: -0.01, -0.001) were associated with less smoking. In this model, the interaction of SFAL-All by poverty was significant (Coeff: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.13). In the SFAL-WP/RB model, SFAL-RB (Coeff: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.08, -0.02), tax (Coeff: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.04), and TCF (Coeff: -0.01, 95% CI: -0.01, -0.00) were significant. In the same model, SFAL-WP (Coeff: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15), SFAL-RB (Coeff: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.19, -0.09), and TCF (Coeff: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.02) interacted with poverty. Tax by poverty was of borderline significance in this model (Coeff = 0.02, 95% CI: -0.00, 0.04,
= 0.050). Among adults, SFALs, TCF, and tax were associated with less current smoking, and SFALs and TCF had differential relationships with smoking by poverty.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Census of Population</subject><subject>Cigarette smoking</subject><subject>Cigarettes</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Excise taxes</subject><subject>Funding</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>High income</subject><subject>Homeless people</subject><subject>Homelessness</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Housing</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Indoor environments</subject><subject>Low income groups</subject><subject>Medicaid</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality rates</subject><subject>Poverty</subject><subject>Public housing</subject><subject>Public Policy</subject><subject>Restaurants</subject><subject>Restaurants - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Shelters</subject><subject>Smoke</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Smoking Prevention - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Taxation</subject><subject>Taxes</subject><subject>Taxes - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>Tobacco Products - economics</subject><subject>Tobacco Smoke Pollution - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Workplace - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Workplaces</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtrGzEUhUVpqJO02y6LoJtu7OhlaWZTCG5eEEjIYy0kzR1briy50kyC_33GOAlOV_fC_e7hHA5C3ymZcF6TE7-EvF5QyaignHxCh1RKMhaS0M97-wgdlbIkhFdC1l_QiFNFlRLVIWr--LaFDLHzJuA7CKbzKZaFX2ML3TNAxA_JGucSnqXY5RTwbQreeSjYxAY_Tu4n-LTpQ4dnfd7q4PtV-uvjHNvNgD5B7jZf0UFrQoFvr_MYPZ6fPcwux9c3F1ez0-uxE7TqxkMKW4Hg1jI6rUTduMo4kAIcAyUMU466htimZpQSLh00HEhFiDVK1Va1_Bj93umue7uCxg1usgl6nf3K5I1OxuuPl-gXep6etKwkI0INAr9eBXL610Pp9MoXByGYCKkvmnEq2JRM5Rb9-R-6TH2OQ7yBYrWcMsXYQE12lMuplAztuxlK9LZA_bHA4eHHfoR3_K0x_gIYpZjD</recordid><startdate>20191026</startdate><enddate>20191026</enddate><creator>Dutra, Lauren M</creator><creator>Farrelly, Matthew C</creator><creator>Nonnemaker, James</creator><creator>Bradfield, Brian</creator><creator>Gaber, Jennifer</creator><creator>Patel, Minal</creator><creator>Hair, Elizabeth C</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-7994</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-5440</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191026</creationdate><title>Differential Relationship between Tobacco Control Policies and U.S. Adult Current Smoking by Poverty</title><author>Dutra, Lauren M ; 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We matched state smoke-free air law coverage (SFALs), tobacco control funding (TCF), and cigarette taxes with individual current smoking and demographics from supplements to the Current Population Survey (1985-2015). We regressed (logistic) smoking on policy variables, poverty (<138% of poverty line versus ≥138% of poverty line), interactions of policy and poverty, and covariates, presenting beta coefficients instead of odds ratios because it is difficult to interpret interactions using odds ratios (they are ratios of odds ratios). We coded SFALs as (1) proportion of state covered by 100% workplace, restaurant and bar laws (SFAL-All) or (2) proportion of state covered by workplace laws (SFAL-WP) and proportion covered by restaurant or bar laws (SFAL-RB). In the SFAL-All model, SFAL-All (Beta coeff: -0.03, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.002), tax (Coeff: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.07, -0.05), and TCF (Coeff: -0.01, 95% CI: -0.01, -0.001) were associated with less smoking. In this model, the interaction of SFAL-All by poverty was significant (Coeff: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.13). In the SFAL-WP/RB model, SFAL-RB (Coeff: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.08, -0.02), tax (Coeff: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.04), and TCF (Coeff: -0.01, 95% CI: -0.01, -0.00) were significant. In the same model, SFAL-WP (Coeff: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15), SFAL-RB (Coeff: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.19, -0.09), and TCF (Coeff: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.02) interacted with poverty. Tax by poverty was of borderline significance in this model (Coeff = 0.02, 95% CI: -0.00, 0.04,
= 0.050). Among adults, SFALs, TCF, and tax were associated with less current smoking, and SFALs and TCF had differential relationships with smoking by poverty.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>31717748</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph16214130</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-7994</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-5440</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Adults Census of Population Cigarette smoking Cigarettes Disease Excise taxes Funding Health risks High income Homeless people Homelessness Households Housing Humans Indoor environments Low income groups Medicaid Middle Aged Mortality rates Poverty Public housing Public Policy Restaurants Restaurants - legislation & jurisprudence Risk analysis Risk factors Shelters Smoke Smoking Smoking Prevention - legislation & jurisprudence Socioeconomic factors Taxation Taxes Taxes - legislation & jurisprudence Tobacco Tobacco Products - economics Tobacco Smoke Pollution - legislation & jurisprudence United States Variables Workplace - legislation & jurisprudence Workplaces |
| title | Differential Relationship between Tobacco Control Policies and U.S. Adult Current Smoking by Poverty |
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