What is the real cardiac anatomy?

The heart is a remarkably complex organ. Teaching its details to medical students and clinical trainees can be very difficult. Despite the complexity, accurate recognition of these details is a pre‐requisite for the subsequent understanding of clinical cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. A recent pu...

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Veröffentlicht in:Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2019-04, Vol.32 (3), p.288-309
Hauptverfasser: Mori, Shumpei, Tretter, Justin T., Spicer, Diane E., Bolender, David L., Anderson, Robert H.
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container_issue 3
container_start_page 288
container_title Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
container_volume 32
creator Mori, Shumpei
Tretter, Justin T.
Spicer, Diane E.
Bolender, David L.
Anderson, Robert H.
description The heart is a remarkably complex organ. Teaching its details to medical students and clinical trainees can be very difficult. Despite the complexity, accurate recognition of these details is a pre‐requisite for the subsequent understanding of clinical cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. A recent publication promoted the benefits of virtual reconstructions in facilitating the initial understanding achieved by medical students. If such teaching is to achieve its greatest value, the datasets used to provide the virtual images should themselves be anatomically accurate. They should also take note of a basic rule of human anatomy, namely that components of all organs should be described as they are normally situated within the body. It is almost universal at present for textbooks of anatomy to illustrate the heart as if removed from the body and positioned on its apex, the so‐called Valentine situation. In the years prior to the emergence of interventional techniques to treat cardiac diseases, this approach was of limited significance. Nowadays, therapeutic interventions are commonplace worldwide. Advances in three‐dimensional imaging technology, furthermore, now mean that the separate components of the heart can readily be segmented, and then shown in attitudinally appropriate fashion. In this review, we demonstrate how such virtual dissection of computed tomographic datasets in attitudinally appropriate fashion reveals the true details of cardiac anatomy. The virtual approach to teaching the arrangement of the cardiac components has much to commend it. If it is to be used, nonetheless, the anatomical details on which the reconstructions are based must be accurate. Clin. Anat. 32:288–309, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/ca.23340
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subjects Anatomy
atrioventricular valves
Complexity
Computed tomography
coronary arteries
Coronary artery disease
Datasets
Heart
Heart diseases
intracardiac anatomy
Medical personnel
Medical students
Organs
Review
Reviews
Students
Textbooks
Therapeutic applications
three‐dimensional reconstruction
virtual dissection
title What is the real cardiac anatomy?
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