microRNA146a Expression in Lupus Patients With and Without Renal Complications

microRNA146a (miRNA) expression profiles are likely to become important diagnostic and prognostic tools in many disease aspects. This work aimed to study the expression of miRNA146a in lupus patients with and without renal complications and to assess its association with disease activity. Patients enrolled in the study included 52 females affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and another 60 females with lupus nephritis (LN). Forty‐eight age‐matched healthy females were enrolled as a control group. miRNA146a expression was assessed using real‐time PCR. In SLE patients, miRNA146a was underexpressed as compared to healthy controls and lower levels were detected among lupus patients with renal affection. In addition, miRNA146a expression was low and serum Interferon‐α (IFN‐α) level was high in patients with active lupus as compared to those with inactive disease. miRNA146a expression was inversely correlated to serum IFN‐α level and to anti ds‐DNA titer in the three studied groups. In conclusion, miRNA146a might be implicated in lupus pathogenesis. Moreover, miRNA146a expression correlates negatively to lupus activity and LN, whereas serum IFN‐α has a direct correlation to both disease activity and nephritis; hence, both miRNA146a expression and serum IFN‐α could be potentially important diagnostic biomarkers and potential novel strategies for therapeutic interventions, which may possibly be implied to enhance the sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of flares and prognosis in SLE patients.