Mechanisms of Cortical Reorganization in Lower-Limb Amputees
The human motor system undergoes reorganization after amputation, but the site of motor reorganization and the mechanisms involved are unknown. We studied the site and mechanisms of motor reorganization in 16 subjects with traumatic lower-limb amputation. Stimulation at different levels in the CNS w...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of neuroscience 1998-05, Vol.18 (9), p.3443-3450 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 3450 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | 3443 |
| container_title | The Journal of neuroscience |
| container_volume | 18 |
| creator | Chen, Robert Corwell, Brian Yaseen, Zaneb Hallett, Mark Cohen, Leonardo G |
| description | The human motor system undergoes reorganization after amputation, but the site of motor reorganization and the mechanisms involved are unknown. We studied the site and mechanisms of motor reorganization in 16 subjects with traumatic lower-limb amputation. Stimulation at different levels in the CNS was used to determine the site of reorganization. The mechanisms involved were evaluated by measuring the thresholds for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and by testing intracortical inhibition and facilitation. With TMS, the threshold for muscle activation on the amputated side was lower than that of the intact side, but with transcranial electrical stimulation there was no difference in motor threshold between the two sides. TMS at the maximal output of the stimulator activated a higher percentage of the motor neuron pool (%MNP) on the amputated side than on the intact side. The %MNP activated by spinal electrical stimulation was similar on the two sides. Paired TMS study showed significantly less intracortical inhibition on the amputated side. Our findings suggest that motor reorganization after lower-limb amputation occurs predominately at the cortical level. The mechanisms involved are likely to include reduction of GABAergic inhibition. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1523/jneurosci.18-09-03443.1998 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6792672</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>79808085</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-3ab0cdedef071e2c8e39abf6f25c3bb3a0965b0a9412fdb24e4323524bcb513c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkV1rFDEUhoModVv9CcLQC-9mzedkUopQllYrWwvVXocke2Y3ZWayJjMO7a83a5dWr0ouDiTPeTg5L0LHBM-JoOzTXQ9jDMn5OalLrErMOGdzolT9Cs0yoUrKMXmNZphKXFZc8rfoMKU7jLHERB6gAyW4pILM0OkVuI3pfepSEZpiEeLgnWmLGwhxne8fzOBDX_i-WIYJYrn0nS3Ouu04AKR36E1j2gTv9_UI3V6c_1x8LZfXXy4XZ8vSCa6GkhmL3QpW0GBJgLoamDK2qRoqHLOWGawqYbFRnNBmZSkHzigTlFtnBWGOHaHPj97taDtYOeiHaFq9jb4z8V4H4_X_L73f6HX4rSupaCVpFnzcC2L4NUIadOeTg7Y1PYQxaalqnI94ESTVbm9VlcGTR9DlIFKE5mkagvUuJP3t-_ntzfWPxaUmtcZK_w1J70LKzR_-_c9T6z6V5yk2fr2ZfASdOtO2mSZ6mqbsU3pnY38A5nae1Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>16472566</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Mechanisms of Cortical Reorganization in Lower-Limb Amputees</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Chen, Robert ; Corwell, Brian ; Yaseen, Zaneb ; Hallett, Mark ; Cohen, Leonardo G</creator><creatorcontrib>Chen, Robert ; Corwell, Brian ; Yaseen, Zaneb ; Hallett, Mark ; Cohen, Leonardo G</creatorcontrib><description>The human motor system undergoes reorganization after amputation, but the site of motor reorganization and the mechanisms involved are unknown. We studied the site and mechanisms of motor reorganization in 16 subjects with traumatic lower-limb amputation. Stimulation at different levels in the CNS was used to determine the site of reorganization. The mechanisms involved were evaluated by measuring the thresholds for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and by testing intracortical inhibition and facilitation. With TMS, the threshold for muscle activation on the amputated side was lower than that of the intact side, but with transcranial electrical stimulation there was no difference in motor threshold between the two sides. TMS at the maximal output of the stimulator activated a higher percentage of the motor neuron pool (%MNP) on the amputated side than on the intact side. The %MNP activated by spinal electrical stimulation was similar on the two sides. Paired TMS study showed significantly less intracortical inhibition on the amputated side. Our findings suggest that motor reorganization after lower-limb amputation occurs predominately at the cortical level. The mechanisms involved are likely to include reduction of GABAergic inhibition.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0270-6474</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1529-2401</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.18-09-03443.1998</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9547251</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Soc Neuroscience</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Amputation Stumps - innervation ; Cerebral Cortex - physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology ; Female ; Femoral Nerve - physiology ; Functional Laterality - physiology ; H-Reflex - physiology ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Leg - innervation ; Magnetics ; Male ; Membrane Potentials - physiology ; Middle Aged ; Motor Neurons - physiology ; Neural Inhibition - physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity - physiology</subject><ispartof>The Journal of neuroscience, 1998-05, Vol.18 (9), p.3443-3450</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 1998</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-3ab0cdedef071e2c8e39abf6f25c3bb3a0965b0a9412fdb24e4323524bcb513c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-3ab0cdedef071e2c8e39abf6f25c3bb3a0965b0a9412fdb24e4323524bcb513c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792672/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6792672/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9547251$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corwell, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yaseen, Zaneb</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hallett, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Leonardo G</creatorcontrib><title>Mechanisms of Cortical Reorganization in Lower-Limb Amputees</title><title>The Journal of neuroscience</title><addtitle>J Neurosci</addtitle><description>The human motor system undergoes reorganization after amputation, but the site of motor reorganization and the mechanisms involved are unknown. We studied the site and mechanisms of motor reorganization in 16 subjects with traumatic lower-limb amputation. Stimulation at different levels in the CNS was used to determine the site of reorganization. The mechanisms involved were evaluated by measuring the thresholds for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and by testing intracortical inhibition and facilitation. With TMS, the threshold for muscle activation on the amputated side was lower than that of the intact side, but with transcranial electrical stimulation there was no difference in motor threshold between the two sides. TMS at the maximal output of the stimulator activated a higher percentage of the motor neuron pool (%MNP) on the amputated side than on the intact side. The %MNP activated by spinal electrical stimulation was similar on the two sides. Paired TMS study showed significantly less intracortical inhibition on the amputated side. Our findings suggest that motor reorganization after lower-limb amputation occurs predominately at the cortical level. The mechanisms involved are likely to include reduction of GABAergic inhibition.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Amputation Stumps - innervation</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</subject><subject>Electric Stimulation</subject><subject>Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Femoral Nerve - physiology</subject><subject>Functional Laterality - physiology</subject><subject>H-Reflex - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ion Channel Gating</subject><subject>Leg - innervation</subject><subject>Magnetics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Membrane Potentials - physiology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Motor Neurons - physiology</subject><subject>Neural Inhibition - physiology</subject><subject>Neuronal Plasticity - physiology</subject><issn>0270-6474</issn><issn>1529-2401</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV1rFDEUhoModVv9CcLQC-9mzedkUopQllYrWwvVXocke2Y3ZWayJjMO7a83a5dWr0ouDiTPeTg5L0LHBM-JoOzTXQ9jDMn5OalLrErMOGdzolT9Cs0yoUrKMXmNZphKXFZc8rfoMKU7jLHERB6gAyW4pILM0OkVuI3pfepSEZpiEeLgnWmLGwhxne8fzOBDX_i-WIYJYrn0nS3Ouu04AKR36E1j2gTv9_UI3V6c_1x8LZfXXy4XZ8vSCa6GkhmL3QpW0GBJgLoamDK2qRoqHLOWGawqYbFRnNBmZSkHzigTlFtnBWGOHaHPj97taDtYOeiHaFq9jb4z8V4H4_X_L73f6HX4rSupaCVpFnzcC2L4NUIadOeTg7Y1PYQxaalqnI94ESTVbm9VlcGTR9DlIFKE5mkagvUuJP3t-_ntzfWPxaUmtcZK_w1J70LKzR_-_c9T6z6V5yk2fr2ZfASdOtO2mSZ6mqbsU3pnY38A5nae1Q</recordid><startdate>19980501</startdate><enddate>19980501</enddate><creator>Chen, Robert</creator><creator>Corwell, Brian</creator><creator>Yaseen, Zaneb</creator><creator>Hallett, Mark</creator><creator>Cohen, Leonardo G</creator><general>Soc Neuroscience</general><general>Society for Neuroscience</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19980501</creationdate><title>Mechanisms of Cortical Reorganization in Lower-Limb Amputees</title><author>Chen, Robert ; Corwell, Brian ; Yaseen, Zaneb ; Hallett, Mark ; Cohen, Leonardo G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-3ab0cdedef071e2c8e39abf6f25c3bb3a0965b0a9412fdb24e4323524bcb513c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Amputation Stumps - innervation</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</topic><topic>Electric Stimulation</topic><topic>Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Femoral Nerve - physiology</topic><topic>Functional Laterality - physiology</topic><topic>H-Reflex - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Ion Channel Gating</topic><topic>Leg - innervation</topic><topic>Magnetics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Membrane Potentials - physiology</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Motor Neurons - physiology</topic><topic>Neural Inhibition - physiology</topic><topic>Neuronal Plasticity - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corwell, Brian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yaseen, Zaneb</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hallett, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Leonardo G</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The Journal of neuroscience</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Robert</au><au>Corwell, Brian</au><au>Yaseen, Zaneb</au><au>Hallett, Mark</au><au>Cohen, Leonardo G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mechanisms of Cortical Reorganization in Lower-Limb Amputees</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of neuroscience</jtitle><addtitle>J Neurosci</addtitle><date>1998-05-01</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>3443</spage><epage>3450</epage><pages>3443-3450</pages><issn>0270-6474</issn><eissn>1529-2401</eissn><abstract>The human motor system undergoes reorganization after amputation, but the site of motor reorganization and the mechanisms involved are unknown. We studied the site and mechanisms of motor reorganization in 16 subjects with traumatic lower-limb amputation. Stimulation at different levels in the CNS was used to determine the site of reorganization. The mechanisms involved were evaluated by measuring the thresholds for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and by testing intracortical inhibition and facilitation. With TMS, the threshold for muscle activation on the amputated side was lower than that of the intact side, but with transcranial electrical stimulation there was no difference in motor threshold between the two sides. TMS at the maximal output of the stimulator activated a higher percentage of the motor neuron pool (%MNP) on the amputated side than on the intact side. The %MNP activated by spinal electrical stimulation was similar on the two sides. Paired TMS study showed significantly less intracortical inhibition on the amputated side. Our findings suggest that motor reorganization after lower-limb amputation occurs predominately at the cortical level. The mechanisms involved are likely to include reduction of GABAergic inhibition.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Soc Neuroscience</pub><pmid>9547251</pmid><doi>10.1523/jneurosci.18-09-03443.1998</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0270-6474 |
| ispartof | The Journal of neuroscience, 1998-05, Vol.18 (9), p.3443-3450 |
| issn | 0270-6474 1529-2401 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6792672 |
| source | MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adult Aged Amputation Stumps - innervation Cerebral Cortex - physiology Electric Stimulation Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology Female Femoral Nerve - physiology Functional Laterality - physiology H-Reflex - physiology Humans Ion Channel Gating Leg - innervation Magnetics Male Membrane Potentials - physiology Middle Aged Motor Neurons - physiology Neural Inhibition - physiology Neuronal Plasticity - physiology |
| title | Mechanisms of Cortical Reorganization in Lower-Limb Amputees |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-08T12%3A58%3A33IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mechanisms%20of%20Cortical%20Reorganization%20in%20Lower-Limb%20Amputees&rft.jtitle=The%20Journal%20of%20neuroscience&rft.au=Chen,%20Robert&rft.date=1998-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3443&rft.epage=3450&rft.pages=3443-3450&rft.issn=0270-6474&rft.eissn=1529-2401&rft_id=info:doi/10.1523/jneurosci.18-09-03443.1998&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E79808085%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=16472566&rft_id=info:pmid/9547251&rfr_iscdi=true |