Bio-Based Epoxy Resins Based on Linseed Oil Cured with Naturally Occurring Acids
Structural properties of resins based on epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) were investigated in reference to varying amounts of the hardener components methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and maleic acid (MA). This includes gel time and the Shore A and D hardness....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2019-08, Vol.11 (9), p.1409 |
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| creator | Thiele, Kerstin Eversmann, Nicole Krombholz, Andreas Pufky-Heinrich, Daniela |
| description | Structural properties of resins based on epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) were investigated in reference to varying amounts of the hardener components methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and maleic acid (MA). This includes gel time and the Shore A and D hardness. The shortest gel time of 0.9 min and the highest Shore A and D hardness of 85 and 34 were found at a n
/n
/n
molar ratio of 8/1/8. To study the effect of the ELO mass on gel time and hardness, different masses of ELO (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 g) were used, keeping the amount of the hardener system (4 g) (MTHPA, PMDA and MA) constant. With increased ELO mass, gel time increased while the Shore A and D hardness of the samples did not differ when up to 14 g ELO was applied. Substitution of petrol-based PMDA with biogenic compounds, specifically oxalic acid and citric acid, resulted in new bio-based epoxy resins with shorter gel times while maintaining hardness. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym11091409 |
| format | Article |
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molar ratio of 8/1/8. To study the effect of the ELO mass on gel time and hardness, different masses of ELO (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 g) were used, keeping the amount of the hardener system (4 g) (MTHPA, PMDA and MA) constant. With increased ELO mass, gel time increased while the Shore A and D hardness of the samples did not differ when up to 14 g ELO was applied. Substitution of petrol-based PMDA with biogenic compounds, specifically oxalic acid and citric acid, resulted in new bio-based epoxy resins with shorter gel times while maintaining hardness.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym11091409</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31466239</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Citric acid ; Curing ; Epoxy resins ; Hardness ; Humidity ; Linseed oil ; Maleic acid ; Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride ; Oxalic acid</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2019-08, Vol.11 (9), p.1409</ispartof><rights>2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-27c7bb158a6fa0c45e83fb26fc6210a80e3ebba57f0975bbc5219a7bde2b1ec03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-27c7bb158a6fa0c45e83fb26fc6210a80e3ebba57f0975bbc5219a7bde2b1ec03</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9881-4365</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6780584/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6780584/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31466239$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Thiele, Kerstin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eversmann, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krombholz, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pufky-Heinrich, Daniela</creatorcontrib><title>Bio-Based Epoxy Resins Based on Linseed Oil Cured with Naturally Occurring Acids</title><title>Polymers</title><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><description>Structural properties of resins based on epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) were investigated in reference to varying amounts of the hardener components methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and maleic acid (MA). This includes gel time and the Shore A and D hardness. The shortest gel time of 0.9 min and the highest Shore A and D hardness of 85 and 34 were found at a n
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molar ratio of 8/1/8. To study the effect of the ELO mass on gel time and hardness, different masses of ELO (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 g) were used, keeping the amount of the hardener system (4 g) (MTHPA, PMDA and MA) constant. With increased ELO mass, gel time increased while the Shore A and D hardness of the samples did not differ when up to 14 g ELO was applied. Substitution of petrol-based PMDA with biogenic compounds, specifically oxalic acid and citric acid, resulted in new bio-based epoxy resins with shorter gel times while maintaining hardness.</description><subject>Citric acid</subject><subject>Curing</subject><subject>Epoxy resins</subject><subject>Hardness</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Linseed oil</subject><subject>Maleic acid</subject><subject>Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride</subject><subject>Oxalic acid</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtLAzEUhYMotlSXbmXAjZvRPCbJzEaopT6gWBFdhyTNtCnTSU1m1Pn3prQWNZt7cvNxci8HgDMErwgp4PXaVd0KIVigDBYHoI8hJ2lGGDz8pXvgNIQljCejjCF-DHoEZYxhUvTB86116a0MZpaM1-6rS15MsHVIti1XJ5N4M1FObZWMWh_Vp20WyZNsWi-rqkumWrfe23qeDLWdhRNwVMoqmNNdHYC3u_Hr6CGdTO8fR8NJqjNEmxRzzZVCNJeslFBn1OSkVJiVmmEEZQ4NMUpJyktYcKqUphgVkquZwQoZDckA3Gx9161amZk2dRPnEWtvV9J3wkkr_r7UdiHm7kMwnkOaZ9Hgcmfg3XtrQiNWNmhTVbI2rg0C45wghPNi89fFP3TpWl_H9QSmlGPMOSWRSreU9i4Eb8r9MAiKTVziT1yRP_-9wZ7-CYd8AwP9kSc</recordid><startdate>20190828</startdate><enddate>20190828</enddate><creator>Thiele, Kerstin</creator><creator>Eversmann, Nicole</creator><creator>Krombholz, Andreas</creator><creator>Pufky-Heinrich, Daniela</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-4365</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190828</creationdate><title>Bio-Based Epoxy Resins Based on Linseed Oil Cured with Naturally Occurring Acids</title><author>Thiele, Kerstin ; Eversmann, Nicole ; Krombholz, Andreas ; Pufky-Heinrich, Daniela</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-27c7bb158a6fa0c45e83fb26fc6210a80e3ebba57f0975bbc5219a7bde2b1ec03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Citric acid</topic><topic>Curing</topic><topic>Epoxy resins</topic><topic>Hardness</topic><topic>Humidity</topic><topic>Linseed oil</topic><topic>Maleic acid</topic><topic>Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride</topic><topic>Oxalic acid</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Thiele, Kerstin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eversmann, Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krombholz, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pufky-Heinrich, Daniela</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Thiele, Kerstin</au><au>Eversmann, Nicole</au><au>Krombholz, Andreas</au><au>Pufky-Heinrich, Daniela</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Bio-Based Epoxy Resins Based on Linseed Oil Cured with Naturally Occurring Acids</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2019-08-28</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1409</spage><pages>1409-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>Structural properties of resins based on epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) were investigated in reference to varying amounts of the hardener components methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and maleic acid (MA). This includes gel time and the Shore A and D hardness. The shortest gel time of 0.9 min and the highest Shore A and D hardness of 85 and 34 were found at a n
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molar ratio of 8/1/8. To study the effect of the ELO mass on gel time and hardness, different masses of ELO (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 g) were used, keeping the amount of the hardener system (4 g) (MTHPA, PMDA and MA) constant. With increased ELO mass, gel time increased while the Shore A and D hardness of the samples did not differ when up to 14 g ELO was applied. Substitution of petrol-based PMDA with biogenic compounds, specifically oxalic acid and citric acid, resulted in new bio-based epoxy resins with shorter gel times while maintaining hardness.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>31466239</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym11091409</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-4365</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Citric acid Curing Epoxy resins Hardness Humidity Linseed oil Maleic acid Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride Oxalic acid |
| title | Bio-Based Epoxy Resins Based on Linseed Oil Cured with Naturally Occurring Acids |
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