Conceptual Development of Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Gastrointestinal Cancer

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy are the current treatments, but some patients do not derive clinical benefits. Recently, studies from cancer molecular subtyping have revealed that tumor molecular biomarkers...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of molecular sciences 2019-09, Vol.20 (18), p.4624
Hauptverfasser: Abolarinwa, Bilikis Aderonke, Ibrahim, Ridwan Babatunde, Huang, Yen-Hua
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container_title International journal of molecular sciences
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creator Abolarinwa, Bilikis Aderonke
Ibrahim, Ridwan Babatunde
Huang, Yen-Hua
description Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy are the current treatments, but some patients do not derive clinical benefits. Recently, studies from cancer molecular subtyping have revealed that tumor molecular biomarkers may predict the immunotherapeutic response of GI cancer patients. However, the therapeutic response of patients selected by the predictive biomarkers is suboptimal. The tumor immune-microenvironment apparently plays a key role in modulating these molecular-determinant predictive biomarkers. Therefore, an understanding of the development and recent advances in immunotherapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting tumor immune-microenvironments and their potential predictive biomarkers will be helpful to strengthen patient immunotherapeutic efficacy. The current review focuses on an understanding of how the host-microenvironment interactions and the predictive biomarkers can determine the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The contribution of environmental pathogens and host immunity to GI cancer is summarized. A discussion regarding the clinical evidence of predictive biomarkers for clinical trial therapy design, current immunotherapeutic strategies, and the outcomes to GI cancer patients are highlighted. An understanding of the underlying mechanism can predict the immunotherapeutic efficacy and facilitate the future development of personalized therapeutic strategies targeting GI cancers.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijms20184624
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subjects Animals
Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis
Biomarkers, Tumor - immunology
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - diagnosis
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - immunology
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - therapy
Humans
Immunity
Immunotherapy - methods
Prognosis
Review
Tumor Microenvironment
title Conceptual Development of Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Gastrointestinal Cancer
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