Large Particle Penetration through N95 Respirator Filters and Facepiece Leaks with Cyclic Flow
The aim of this study was to investigate respirator filter and faceseal penetration of particles representing bacterial and fungal spore size ranges (0.7–4 μm). First, field experiments were conducted to determine workplace protection factors (WPFs) for a typical N95 filtering facepiece respirator (...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Annals of occupational hygiene 2010-01, Vol.54 (1), p.68-77 |
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| container_title | The Annals of occupational hygiene |
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| creator | Cho, Kyungmin Jacob Reponen, Tiina Mckay, Roy Shukla, Rakesh Haruta, Hiroki Sekar, Padmini Grinshpun, Sergey A. |
| description | The aim of this study was to investigate respirator filter and faceseal penetration of particles representing bacterial and fungal spore size ranges (0.7–4 μm). First, field experiments were conducted to determine workplace protection factors (WPFs) for a typical N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR). These data (average WPF = 515) were then used to position the FFR on a manikin to simulate realistic donning conditions for laboratory experiments. Filter penetration was also measured after the FFR was fully sealed on the manikin face. This value was deducted from the total penetration (obtained from tests with the partially sealed FFR) to determine the faceseal penetration. All manikin experiments were repeated using three sinusoidal breathing flow patterns corresponding to mean inspiratory flow rates of 15, 30, and 85 l min−1. The faceseal penetration varied from 0.1 to 1.1% and decreased with increasing particle size (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/annhyg/mep062 |
| format | Article |
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First, field experiments were conducted to determine workplace protection factors (WPFs) for a typical N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR). These data (average WPF = 515) were then used to position the FFR on a manikin to simulate realistic donning conditions for laboratory experiments. Filter penetration was also measured after the FFR was fully sealed on the manikin face. This value was deducted from the total penetration (obtained from tests with the partially sealed FFR) to determine the faceseal penetration. All manikin experiments were repeated using three sinusoidal breathing flow patterns corresponding to mean inspiratory flow rates of 15, 30, and 85 l min−1. The faceseal penetration varied from 0.1 to 1.1% and decreased with increasing particle size (P < 0.001) and breathing rate (P < 0.001). The fractions of aerosols penetrating through the faceseal leakage varied from 0.66 to 0.94. In conclusion, even for a well-fitting FFR respirator, most particle penetration occurs through faceseal leakage, which varies with breathing flow rate and particle size.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-4878</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1475-3162</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-3162</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mep062</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19700488</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AOHYA3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aerosols - analysis ; Agriculture ; Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases ; cyclic flow ; Equipment Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; faceseal ; filter ; Filtration - instrumentation ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure - prevention & control ; Inorganic dusts (pneumoconiosises) and organic dusts (byssinosis etc.) ; Manikins ; Materials Testing ; Medical sciences ; Occupational Exposure - prevention & control ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; penetration ; Pilot Projects ; protection factor ; respirator ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; Respiratory Rate ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2010-01, Vol.54 (1), p.68-77</ispartof><rights>The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society 2010</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-eb93a0caa9ae953bd780e681c28077aa4520a02552768fe3cd7a732cf597e7393</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-eb93a0caa9ae953bd780e681c28077aa4520a02552768fe3cd7a732cf597e7393</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,1579,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22378892$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700488$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cho, Kyungmin Jacob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reponen, Tiina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mckay, Roy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shukla, Rakesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haruta, Hiroki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sekar, Padmini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grinshpun, Sergey A.</creatorcontrib><title>Large Particle Penetration through N95 Respirator Filters and Facepiece Leaks with Cyclic Flow</title><title>The Annals of occupational hygiene</title><addtitle>Ann Occup Hyg</addtitle><description>The aim of this study was to investigate respirator filter and faceseal penetration of particles representing bacterial and fungal spore size ranges (0.7–4 μm). First, field experiments were conducted to determine workplace protection factors (WPFs) for a typical N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR). These data (average WPF = 515) were then used to position the FFR on a manikin to simulate realistic donning conditions for laboratory experiments. Filter penetration was also measured after the FFR was fully sealed on the manikin face. This value was deducted from the total penetration (obtained from tests with the partially sealed FFR) to determine the faceseal penetration. All manikin experiments were repeated using three sinusoidal breathing flow patterns corresponding to mean inspiratory flow rates of 15, 30, and 85 l min−1. The faceseal penetration varied from 0.1 to 1.1% and decreased with increasing particle size (P < 0.001) and breathing rate (P < 0.001). The fractions of aerosols penetrating through the faceseal leakage varied from 0.66 to 0.94. In conclusion, even for a well-fitting FFR respirator, most particle penetration occurs through faceseal leakage, which varies with breathing flow rate and particle size.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aerosols - analysis</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</subject><subject>cyclic flow</subject><subject>Equipment Design</subject><subject>Equipment Failure Analysis</subject><subject>faceseal</subject><subject>filter</subject><subject>Filtration - instrumentation</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inhalation Exposure - prevention & control</subject><subject>Inorganic dusts (pneumoconiosises) and organic dusts (byssinosis etc.)</subject><subject>Manikins</subject><subject>Materials Testing</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - prevention & control</subject><subject>Particle Size</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - analysis</subject><subject>penetration</subject><subject>Pilot Projects</subject><subject>protection factor</subject><subject>respirator</subject><subject>Respiratory Protective Devices</subject><subject>Respiratory Rate</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0003-4878</issn><issn>1475-3162</issn><issn>1475-3162</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkEFvEzEQha0K1KalR67IFyQuS712vLYvlarQUFBaEIIK9YA1cWazbje7K3tDyb_H0UZpOXHyeOabNzOPkNc5e58zI86gaarN8myFHSv4ARnlYyUzkRf8BRkxxkQ21kofkeMY79N3LEx-SI5yo1Ks9Yj8mkFYIv0KofeuTgE22AfofdvQvgrtelnRGyPpN4ydT_k20KmvewyRQrOgU3DYeXRIZwgPkT76vqKTjau9o9O6fXxFXpZQRzzdvSfkx_Ty--Qqm335-GlyMctcWq_PcG4EMAdgAI0U84XSDAudO66ZUgBjyRkwLiVXhS5RuIUCJbgrpVGohBEn5HzQ7dbzFS4cNumI2nbBryBsbAve_ltpfGWX7W9bJEFWbAWyQcCFNsaA5b43Z3ZrtB2MtoPRiX_zfOATvXM2AW93AEQHdRmgcT7uOc6F0tpshd4NXLvu_jtzt6OPPf7ZwxAe0hlCSXv1885-EJ-vb26lsHfiL6o8px0</recordid><startdate>20100101</startdate><enddate>20100101</enddate><creator>Cho, Kyungmin Jacob</creator><creator>Reponen, Tiina</creator><creator>Mckay, Roy</creator><creator>Shukla, Rakesh</creator><creator>Haruta, Hiroki</creator><creator>Sekar, Padmini</creator><creator>Grinshpun, Sergey A.</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100101</creationdate><title>Large Particle Penetration through N95 Respirator Filters and Facepiece Leaks with Cyclic Flow</title><author>Cho, Kyungmin Jacob ; Reponen, Tiina ; Mckay, Roy ; Shukla, Rakesh ; Haruta, Hiroki ; Sekar, Padmini ; Grinshpun, Sergey A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-eb93a0caa9ae953bd780e681c28077aa4520a02552768fe3cd7a732cf597e7393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aerosols - analysis</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</topic><topic>cyclic flow</topic><topic>Equipment Design</topic><topic>Equipment Failure Analysis</topic><topic>faceseal</topic><topic>filter</topic><topic>Filtration - instrumentation</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inhalation Exposure - prevention & control</topic><topic>Inorganic dusts (pneumoconiosises) and organic dusts (byssinosis etc.)</topic><topic>Manikins</topic><topic>Materials Testing</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - prevention & control</topic><topic>Particle Size</topic><topic>Particulate Matter - analysis</topic><topic>penetration</topic><topic>Pilot Projects</topic><topic>protection factor</topic><topic>respirator</topic><topic>Respiratory Protective Devices</topic><topic>Respiratory Rate</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cho, Kyungmin Jacob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reponen, Tiina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mckay, Roy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shukla, Rakesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haruta, Hiroki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sekar, Padmini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grinshpun, Sergey A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The Annals of occupational hygiene</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cho, Kyungmin Jacob</au><au>Reponen, Tiina</au><au>Mckay, Roy</au><au>Shukla, Rakesh</au><au>Haruta, Hiroki</au><au>Sekar, Padmini</au><au>Grinshpun, Sergey A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Large Particle Penetration through N95 Respirator Filters and Facepiece Leaks with Cyclic Flow</atitle><jtitle>The Annals of occupational hygiene</jtitle><addtitle>Ann Occup Hyg</addtitle><date>2010-01-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>68</spage><epage>77</epage><pages>68-77</pages><issn>0003-4878</issn><issn>1475-3162</issn><eissn>1475-3162</eissn><coden>AOHYA3</coden><abstract>The aim of this study was to investigate respirator filter and faceseal penetration of particles representing bacterial and fungal spore size ranges (0.7–4 μm). First, field experiments were conducted to determine workplace protection factors (WPFs) for a typical N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR). These data (average WPF = 515) were then used to position the FFR on a manikin to simulate realistic donning conditions for laboratory experiments. Filter penetration was also measured after the FFR was fully sealed on the manikin face. This value was deducted from the total penetration (obtained from tests with the partially sealed FFR) to determine the faceseal penetration. All manikin experiments were repeated using three sinusoidal breathing flow patterns corresponding to mean inspiratory flow rates of 15, 30, and 85 l min−1. The faceseal penetration varied from 0.1 to 1.1% and decreased with increasing particle size (P < 0.001) and breathing rate (P < 0.001). The fractions of aerosols penetrating through the faceseal leakage varied from 0.66 to 0.94. In conclusion, even for a well-fitting FFR respirator, most particle penetration occurs through faceseal leakage, which varies with breathing flow rate and particle size.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>19700488</pmid><doi>10.1093/annhyg/mep062</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Aerosols - analysis Agriculture Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis Biological and medical sciences Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases cyclic flow Equipment Design Equipment Failure Analysis faceseal filter Filtration - instrumentation Humans Inhalation Exposure - prevention & control Inorganic dusts (pneumoconiosises) and organic dusts (byssinosis etc.) Manikins Materials Testing Medical sciences Occupational Exposure - prevention & control Particle Size Particulate Matter - analysis penetration Pilot Projects protection factor respirator Respiratory Protective Devices Respiratory Rate Toxicology |
| title | Large Particle Penetration through N95 Respirator Filters and Facepiece Leaks with Cyclic Flow |
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