Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes: Exploration of Mass Distribution
Background: Body composition assessment is frequently used in sports medicine and athletic performance environments to assess change in response to strength training and nutrition programs. However, to effectively do so requires knowledge regarding expected body composition values relative to sport...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sports health 2019-09, Vol.11 (5), p.453-460 |
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| creator | Sanfilippo, Jennifer Krueger, Diane Heiderscheit, Bryan Binkley, Neil |
| description | Background:
Body composition assessment is frequently used in sports medicine and athletic performance environments to assess change in response to strength training and nutrition programs. However, to effectively do so requires knowledge regarding expected body composition values relative to sport and sex. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to evaluate body composition, although its utility in relationship to specific sports, performance, or rehabilitation is not clearly defined.
Hypothesis:
Body composition metrics and distribution of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletes will vary based on sport and sex.
Level of Evidence:
Level 4.
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Methods:
A convenience sample of 337 athletes (229 men and 108 women) participating in football, wrestling, soccer, hockey, basketball, golf, softball, or volleyball was evaluated. DXA-measured total body composition, including bone mineral density (BMD), % lean mass, % fat, and regional distribution, were compared by sex, sport, and with an age-matched National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population.
Results:
Men had higher BMD, lower % fat (16.4% vs 25.2%) and higher % lean mass (79.2% vs 70.6%) (P < 0.001). Regional composition varied by sport and sex, with women having a greater proportion of lean mass at the trunk and men in their arms (P < 0.0001). Leg lean mass was distributed similarly between sexes (35%). Overall, the normative group (NHANES) had lower BMD and higher percentage fat.
Conclusion:
DXA-measured body composition and lean mass distribution varies by sport and sex in Division I athletes. The observed difference to the NHANES population emphasizes challenges in identifying appropriate comparison populations, reinforcing the need to compare athletes with their own baseline.
Clinical Relevance:
These findings establish a framework to investigate the relevance of these variances and determine the utility of body composition analysis in elite athletes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/1941738119861572 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6745817</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sage_id>10.1177_1941738119861572</sage_id><sourcerecordid>2265771632</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-fb9d800ebc1066810b480af41657079cfe3dfde97726088cc6934059e21d34903</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc1v1DAQxa0K1Jal956Qj1xSZvLhDw5IYbvQSgUk1Eq9WU7ibF0lcbCTqvnvSdhtVZA42XrzmzejeYScIpwhcv4BZYo8EYhSMMx4fECOFykCGeOr_X-pH5E3IdwDsJQhPyRHCSap4DEcE3c-6ibadMZvJ3ob_dQTzYvgfD9Y15rBT_Szqya6dm3vgp3FjtqOfl_nOT23DzYswiXNh7vGDCZ8pJvHvnFe_wFdTb_pEGYwDN4W4yK-Ja9r3QRzsn9X5ObL5np9EV39-Hq5zq-iMgMYorqQlQAwRYnAmEAoUgG6TpFlHLgsa5NUdWUk5zEDIcqSySSFTJoYqySVkKzIp51vPxatqUrTDV43qve21X5STlv1d6Wzd2rrHhTjaSbmo67I-72Bd79GEwbV2lCaptGdcWNQcTyvwpEl8YzCDi29C8Gb-nkMglpyUv_mNLe8e7nec8NTMDMQ7YCgt0bdu9F387n-b_gbF4mbLA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2265771632</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes: Exploration of Mass Distribution</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SAGE Complete</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Sanfilippo, Jennifer ; Krueger, Diane ; Heiderscheit, Bryan ; Binkley, Neil</creator><creatorcontrib>Sanfilippo, Jennifer ; Krueger, Diane ; Heiderscheit, Bryan ; Binkley, Neil</creatorcontrib><description>Background:
Body composition assessment is frequently used in sports medicine and athletic performance environments to assess change in response to strength training and nutrition programs. However, to effectively do so requires knowledge regarding expected body composition values relative to sport and sex. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to evaluate body composition, although its utility in relationship to specific sports, performance, or rehabilitation is not clearly defined.
Hypothesis:
Body composition metrics and distribution of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletes will vary based on sport and sex.
Level of Evidence:
Level 4.
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Methods:
A convenience sample of 337 athletes (229 men and 108 women) participating in football, wrestling, soccer, hockey, basketball, golf, softball, or volleyball was evaluated. DXA-measured total body composition, including bone mineral density (BMD), % lean mass, % fat, and regional distribution, were compared by sex, sport, and with an age-matched National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population.
Results:
Men had higher BMD, lower % fat (16.4% vs 25.2%) and higher % lean mass (79.2% vs 70.6%) (P < 0.001). Regional composition varied by sport and sex, with women having a greater proportion of lean mass at the trunk and men in their arms (P < 0.0001). Leg lean mass was distributed similarly between sexes (35%). Overall, the normative group (NHANES) had lower BMD and higher percentage fat.
Conclusion:
DXA-measured body composition and lean mass distribution varies by sport and sex in Division I athletes. The observed difference to the NHANES population emphasizes challenges in identifying appropriate comparison populations, reinforcing the need to compare athletes with their own baseline.
Clinical Relevance:
These findings establish a framework to investigate the relevance of these variances and determine the utility of body composition analysis in elite athletes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1941-7381</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1941-0921</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1941-0921</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/1941738119861572</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31348720</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletes ; Body Composition ; Bone Density ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Current Research ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Sports ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Sports health, 2019-09, Vol.11 (5), p.453-460</ispartof><rights>2019 The Author(s)</rights><rights>2019 The Author(s) 2019 American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-fb9d800ebc1066810b480af41657079cfe3dfde97726088cc6934059e21d34903</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-fb9d800ebc1066810b480af41657079cfe3dfde97726088cc6934059e21d34903</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6745817/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6745817/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,883,21802,27907,27908,43604,43605,53774,53776</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31348720$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sanfilippo, Jennifer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krueger, Diane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heiderscheit, Bryan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Binkley, Neil</creatorcontrib><title>Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes: Exploration of Mass Distribution</title><title>Sports health</title><addtitle>Sports Health</addtitle><description>Background:
Body composition assessment is frequently used in sports medicine and athletic performance environments to assess change in response to strength training and nutrition programs. However, to effectively do so requires knowledge regarding expected body composition values relative to sport and sex. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to evaluate body composition, although its utility in relationship to specific sports, performance, or rehabilitation is not clearly defined.
Hypothesis:
Body composition metrics and distribution of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletes will vary based on sport and sex.
Level of Evidence:
Level 4.
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Methods:
A convenience sample of 337 athletes (229 men and 108 women) participating in football, wrestling, soccer, hockey, basketball, golf, softball, or volleyball was evaluated. DXA-measured total body composition, including bone mineral density (BMD), % lean mass, % fat, and regional distribution, were compared by sex, sport, and with an age-matched National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population.
Results:
Men had higher BMD, lower % fat (16.4% vs 25.2%) and higher % lean mass (79.2% vs 70.6%) (P < 0.001). Regional composition varied by sport and sex, with women having a greater proportion of lean mass at the trunk and men in their arms (P < 0.0001). Leg lean mass was distributed similarly between sexes (35%). Overall, the normative group (NHANES) had lower BMD and higher percentage fat.
Conclusion:
DXA-measured body composition and lean mass distribution varies by sport and sex in Division I athletes. The observed difference to the NHANES population emphasizes challenges in identifying appropriate comparison populations, reinforcing the need to compare athletes with their own baseline.
Clinical Relevance:
These findings establish a framework to investigate the relevance of these variances and determine the utility of body composition analysis in elite athletes.</description><subject>Absorptiometry, Photon</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Body Composition</subject><subject>Bone Density</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Current Research</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Nutrition Surveys</subject><subject>Sports</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1941-7381</issn><issn>1941-0921</issn><issn>1941-0921</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc1v1DAQxa0K1Jal956Qj1xSZvLhDw5IYbvQSgUk1Eq9WU7ibF0lcbCTqvnvSdhtVZA42XrzmzejeYScIpwhcv4BZYo8EYhSMMx4fECOFykCGeOr_X-pH5E3IdwDsJQhPyRHCSap4DEcE3c-6ibadMZvJ3ob_dQTzYvgfD9Y15rBT_Szqya6dm3vgp3FjtqOfl_nOT23DzYswiXNh7vGDCZ8pJvHvnFe_wFdTb_pEGYwDN4W4yK-Ja9r3QRzsn9X5ObL5np9EV39-Hq5zq-iMgMYorqQlQAwRYnAmEAoUgG6TpFlHLgsa5NUdWUk5zEDIcqSySSFTJoYqySVkKzIp51vPxatqUrTDV43qve21X5STlv1d6Wzd2rrHhTjaSbmo67I-72Bd79GEwbV2lCaptGdcWNQcTyvwpEl8YzCDi29C8Gb-nkMglpyUv_mNLe8e7nec8NTMDMQ7YCgt0bdu9F387n-b_gbF4mbLA</recordid><startdate>20190901</startdate><enddate>20190901</enddate><creator>Sanfilippo, Jennifer</creator><creator>Krueger, Diane</creator><creator>Heiderscheit, Bryan</creator><creator>Binkley, Neil</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190901</creationdate><title>Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes: Exploration of Mass Distribution</title><author>Sanfilippo, Jennifer ; Krueger, Diane ; Heiderscheit, Bryan ; Binkley, Neil</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-fb9d800ebc1066810b480af41657079cfe3dfde97726088cc6934059e21d34903</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Absorptiometry, Photon</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Body Composition</topic><topic>Bone Density</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Current Research</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Nutrition Surveys</topic><topic>Sports</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sanfilippo, Jennifer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krueger, Diane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heiderscheit, Bryan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Binkley, Neil</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Sports health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sanfilippo, Jennifer</au><au>Krueger, Diane</au><au>Heiderscheit, Bryan</au><au>Binkley, Neil</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes: Exploration of Mass Distribution</atitle><jtitle>Sports health</jtitle><addtitle>Sports Health</addtitle><date>2019-09-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>453</spage><epage>460</epage><pages>453-460</pages><issn>1941-7381</issn><issn>1941-0921</issn><eissn>1941-0921</eissn><abstract>Background:
Body composition assessment is frequently used in sports medicine and athletic performance environments to assess change in response to strength training and nutrition programs. However, to effectively do so requires knowledge regarding expected body composition values relative to sport and sex. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to evaluate body composition, although its utility in relationship to specific sports, performance, or rehabilitation is not clearly defined.
Hypothesis:
Body composition metrics and distribution of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletes will vary based on sport and sex.
Level of Evidence:
Level 4.
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Methods:
A convenience sample of 337 athletes (229 men and 108 women) participating in football, wrestling, soccer, hockey, basketball, golf, softball, or volleyball was evaluated. DXA-measured total body composition, including bone mineral density (BMD), % lean mass, % fat, and regional distribution, were compared by sex, sport, and with an age-matched National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population.
Results:
Men had higher BMD, lower % fat (16.4% vs 25.2%) and higher % lean mass (79.2% vs 70.6%) (P < 0.001). Regional composition varied by sport and sex, with women having a greater proportion of lean mass at the trunk and men in their arms (P < 0.0001). Leg lean mass was distributed similarly between sexes (35%). Overall, the normative group (NHANES) had lower BMD and higher percentage fat.
Conclusion:
DXA-measured body composition and lean mass distribution varies by sport and sex in Division I athletes. The observed difference to the NHANES population emphasizes challenges in identifying appropriate comparison populations, reinforcing the need to compare athletes with their own baseline.
Clinical Relevance:
These findings establish a framework to investigate the relevance of these variances and determine the utility of body composition analysis in elite athletes.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>31348720</pmid><doi>10.1177/1941738119861572</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1941-7381 |
| ispartof | Sports health, 2019-09, Vol.11 (5), p.453-460 |
| issn | 1941-7381 1941-0921 1941-0921 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6745817 |
| source | MEDLINE; SAGE Complete; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Absorptiometry, Photon Adolescent Adult Athletes Body Composition Bone Density Cross-Sectional Studies Current Research Female Humans Male Nutrition Surveys Sports Young Adult |
| title | Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes: Exploration of Mass Distribution |
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