Biochemical markers of bone turnover and risk of incident hip fracture in older women: the Cardiovascular Health Study
Summary The relationships of osteocalcin (OC) and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) with long-term incidence of hip fracture were examined in 1680 post-menopausal women from a population-based study. CTX, but not OC, levels were associated with incident hip fracture in these participants, a rel...
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creator | Massera, D. Xu, S. Walker, M. D. Valderrábano, R. J. Mukamal, K. J. Ix, J. H. Siscovick, D. S. Tracy, R. P. Robbins, J. A. Biggs, M. L. Xue, X. Kizer, J. R. |
description | Summary
The relationships of osteocalcin (OC) and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) with long-term incidence of hip fracture were examined in 1680 post-menopausal women from a population-based study. CTX, but not OC, levels were associated with incident hip fracture in these participants, a relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape.
Introduction
We sought to investigate the relationships of OC, a marker of bone formation, and CTX, a marker of bone resorption, with long-term incidence of hip fracture in older women.
Methods
We included 1680 women from the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (mean [SD] age 74.5 [5.0] years). The longitudinal association of both markers with incidence of hip fracture was examined using multivariable Cox models.
Results
During a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 288 incident hip fractures occurred. Linear spline analysis did not demonstrate an association between OC levels and incident hip fracture. By contrast, increasing levels of CTX up to the middle-upper range were associated with a significantly greater risk of hip fracture (HR = 1.52 per SD increment, 95% CI = 1.10–2.09), while further increases were associated with a marginally non-significant lower risk (HR = 0.80 per SD increment, 95% CI = 0.63–1.01), after full adjustment for potential confounders. In analyses of quartiles, CTX exhibited a similar inverted U-shaped relationship with incident fracture after adjustment, with a significant association observed only for the comparison of quartile 3 to quartile 1 (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.10–2.43). In a subset with available measures, both OC and CTX were inversely associated with bone mineral density of the hip.
Conclusion
CTX, but not OC, levels were associated with incident hip fracture in post-menopausal women, a relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape. These findings highlight the complex relationship of bone turnover markers with hip fracture risk. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00198-019-05043-1 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6717520</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2244442767</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-e6662830048278c46bf67850d82f493ca2bd5ae5a7f7aed77a8908bc06f422323</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhi0EokvhD3BAlrhwCfgrtsMBCVZAkSpxACRulmNPGreJvdjJov57vGwpHwd8GEueZ96Z8YvQY0qeU0LUi0II7XRTQ0NaInhD76ANFZw3rJPtXbQhHVdNJ-jXE_SglEtSi7pO3UcnnDKmtG43aP8mJDfCHJyd8GzzFeSC04D7FAEva45pDxnb6HEO5eqQCdEFD3HBY9jhIVtXKaivOE2-ot_TDPElXkbAW5t9SHtb3DrZjM_ATsuIPy2rv36I7g12KvDo5j5FX969_bw9a84_vv-wfX3eOKHE0oCUkmlOiNB1XidkP0ilW-I1G0THnWW9by20Vg3KglfK6o7o3hE5CMY446fo1VF3t_YzeFfnznYyuxzqrtcm2WD-zsQwmou0N1JR1TJSBZ7dCOT0bYWymDkUB9NkI6S1GMZEK4Ugklb06T_oZaofWNc7UPUwJVWl2JFyOZWSYbgdhhJzsNUcbTU1mJ-2moP0kz_XuC355WMF-BEoNRUvIP_u_R_ZH8_Erww</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2244442767</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Biochemical markers of bone turnover and risk of incident hip fracture in older women: the Cardiovascular Health Study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Massera, D. ; Xu, S. ; Walker, M. D. ; Valderrábano, R. J. ; Mukamal, K. J. ; Ix, J. H. ; Siscovick, D. S. ; Tracy, R. P. ; Robbins, J. A. ; Biggs, M. L. ; Xue, X. ; Kizer, J. R.</creator><creatorcontrib>Massera, D. ; Xu, S. ; Walker, M. D. ; Valderrábano, R. J. ; Mukamal, K. J. ; Ix, J. H. ; Siscovick, D. S. ; Tracy, R. P. ; Robbins, J. A. ; Biggs, M. L. ; Xue, X. ; Kizer, J. R.</creatorcontrib><description>Summary
The relationships of osteocalcin (OC) and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) with long-term incidence of hip fracture were examined in 1680 post-menopausal women from a population-based study. CTX, but not OC, levels were associated with incident hip fracture in these participants, a relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape.
Introduction
We sought to investigate the relationships of OC, a marker of bone formation, and CTX, a marker of bone resorption, with long-term incidence of hip fracture in older women.
Methods
We included 1680 women from the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (mean [SD] age 74.5 [5.0] years). The longitudinal association of both markers with incidence of hip fracture was examined using multivariable Cox models.
Results
During a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 288 incident hip fractures occurred. Linear spline analysis did not demonstrate an association between OC levels and incident hip fracture. By contrast, increasing levels of CTX up to the middle-upper range were associated with a significantly greater risk of hip fracture (HR = 1.52 per SD increment, 95% CI = 1.10–2.09), while further increases were associated with a marginally non-significant lower risk (HR = 0.80 per SD increment, 95% CI = 0.63–1.01), after full adjustment for potential confounders. In analyses of quartiles, CTX exhibited a similar inverted U-shaped relationship with incident fracture after adjustment, with a significant association observed only for the comparison of quartile 3 to quartile 1 (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.10–2.43). In a subset with available measures, both OC and CTX were inversely associated with bone mineral density of the hip.
Conclusion
CTX, but not OC, levels were associated with incident hip fracture in post-menopausal women, a relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape. These findings highlight the complex relationship of bone turnover markers with hip fracture risk.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0937-941X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1433-2965</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1433-2965</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05043-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31227885</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Springer London</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biochemical markers ; Biomarkers - blood ; Bone (long) ; Bone Density - physiology ; Bone growth ; Bone mineral density ; Bone Remodeling - physiology ; Bone resorption ; Bone turnover ; Collagen (type I) ; Collagen Type I - blood ; Endocrinology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures ; Health risk assessment ; Hip ; Hip Fractures - blood ; Hip Fractures - epidemiology ; Hip Fractures - physiopathology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Style ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Older people ; Original Article ; Orthopedics ; Osteocalcin ; Osteocalcin - blood ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - blood ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - epidemiology ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - physiopathology ; Osteoporotic Fractures - blood ; Osteoporotic Fractures - epidemiology ; Osteoporotic Fractures - physiopathology ; Peptides - blood ; Physical Functional Performance ; Population studies ; Rheumatology ; Risk Assessment - methods ; United States - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Osteoporosis international, 2019-09, Vol.30 (9), p.1755-1765</ispartof><rights>International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2019</rights><rights>Osteoporosis International is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-e6662830048278c46bf67850d82f493ca2bd5ae5a7f7aed77a8908bc06f422323</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-e6662830048278c46bf67850d82f493ca2bd5ae5a7f7aed77a8908bc06f422323</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00198-019-05043-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00198-019-05043-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31227885$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Massera, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walker, M. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valderrábano, R. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukamal, K. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ix, J. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siscovick, D. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tracy, R. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robbins, J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biggs, M. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xue, X.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kizer, J. R.</creatorcontrib><title>Biochemical markers of bone turnover and risk of incident hip fracture in older women: the Cardiovascular Health Study</title><title>Osteoporosis international</title><addtitle>Osteoporos Int</addtitle><addtitle>Osteoporos Int</addtitle><description>Summary
The relationships of osteocalcin (OC) and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) with long-term incidence of hip fracture were examined in 1680 post-menopausal women from a population-based study. CTX, but not OC, levels were associated with incident hip fracture in these participants, a relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape.
Introduction
We sought to investigate the relationships of OC, a marker of bone formation, and CTX, a marker of bone resorption, with long-term incidence of hip fracture in older women.
Methods
We included 1680 women from the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (mean [SD] age 74.5 [5.0] years). The longitudinal association of both markers with incidence of hip fracture was examined using multivariable Cox models.
Results
During a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 288 incident hip fractures occurred. Linear spline analysis did not demonstrate an association between OC levels and incident hip fracture. By contrast, increasing levels of CTX up to the middle-upper range were associated with a significantly greater risk of hip fracture (HR = 1.52 per SD increment, 95% CI = 1.10–2.09), while further increases were associated with a marginally non-significant lower risk (HR = 0.80 per SD increment, 95% CI = 0.63–1.01), after full adjustment for potential confounders. In analyses of quartiles, CTX exhibited a similar inverted U-shaped relationship with incident fracture after adjustment, with a significant association observed only for the comparison of quartile 3 to quartile 1 (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.10–2.43). In a subset with available measures, both OC and CTX were inversely associated with bone mineral density of the hip.
Conclusion
CTX, but not OC, levels were associated with incident hip fracture in post-menopausal women, a relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape. These findings highlight the complex relationship of bone turnover markers with hip fracture risk.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Biochemical markers</subject><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>Bone (long)</subject><subject>Bone Density - physiology</subject><subject>Bone growth</subject><subject>Bone mineral density</subject><subject>Bone Remodeling - physiology</subject><subject>Bone resorption</subject><subject>Bone turnover</subject><subject>Collagen (type I)</subject><subject>Collagen Type I - blood</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Fractures</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Hip</subject><subject>Hip Fractures - blood</subject><subject>Hip Fractures - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hip Fractures - physiopathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Life Style</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Orthopedics</subject><subject>Osteocalcin</subject><subject>Osteocalcin - blood</subject><subject>Osteogenesis</subject><subject>Osteoporosis</subject><subject>Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - blood</subject><subject>Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - epidemiology</subject><subject>Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - physiopathology</subject><subject>Osteoporotic Fractures - blood</subject><subject>Osteoporotic Fractures - epidemiology</subject><subject>Osteoporotic Fractures - physiopathology</subject><subject>Peptides - blood</subject><subject>Physical Functional Performance</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Rheumatology</subject><subject>Risk Assessment - methods</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><issn>0937-941X</issn><issn>1433-2965</issn><issn>1433-2965</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhi0EokvhD3BAlrhwCfgrtsMBCVZAkSpxACRulmNPGreJvdjJov57vGwpHwd8GEueZ96Z8YvQY0qeU0LUi0II7XRTQ0NaInhD76ANFZw3rJPtXbQhHVdNJ-jXE_SglEtSi7pO3UcnnDKmtG43aP8mJDfCHJyd8GzzFeSC04D7FAEva45pDxnb6HEO5eqQCdEFD3HBY9jhIVtXKaivOE2-ot_TDPElXkbAW5t9SHtb3DrZjM_ATsuIPy2rv36I7g12KvDo5j5FX969_bw9a84_vv-wfX3eOKHE0oCUkmlOiNB1XidkP0ilW-I1G0THnWW9by20Vg3KglfK6o7o3hE5CMY446fo1VF3t_YzeFfnznYyuxzqrtcm2WD-zsQwmou0N1JR1TJSBZ7dCOT0bYWymDkUB9NkI6S1GMZEK4Ugklb06T_oZaofWNc7UPUwJVWl2JFyOZWSYbgdhhJzsNUcbTU1mJ-2moP0kz_XuC355WMF-BEoNRUvIP_u_R_ZH8_Erww</recordid><startdate>20190901</startdate><enddate>20190901</enddate><creator>Massera, D.</creator><creator>Xu, S.</creator><creator>Walker, M. D.</creator><creator>Valderrábano, R. J.</creator><creator>Mukamal, K. J.</creator><creator>Ix, J. H.</creator><creator>Siscovick, D. S.</creator><creator>Tracy, R. P.</creator><creator>Robbins, J. A.</creator><creator>Biggs, M. L.</creator><creator>Xue, X.</creator><creator>Kizer, J. R.</creator><general>Springer London</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190901</creationdate><title>Biochemical markers of bone turnover and risk of incident hip fracture in older women: the Cardiovascular Health Study</title><author>Massera, D. ; Xu, S. ; Walker, M. D. ; Valderrábano, R. J. ; Mukamal, K. J. ; Ix, J. H. ; Siscovick, D. S. ; Tracy, R. P. ; Robbins, J. A. ; Biggs, M. L. ; Xue, X. ; Kizer, J. R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-e6662830048278c46bf67850d82f493ca2bd5ae5a7f7aed77a8908bc06f422323</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Biochemical markers</topic><topic>Biomarkers - blood</topic><topic>Bone (long)</topic><topic>Bone Density - physiology</topic><topic>Bone growth</topic><topic>Bone mineral density</topic><topic>Bone Remodeling - physiology</topic><topic>Bone resorption</topic><topic>Bone turnover</topic><topic>Collagen (type I)</topic><topic>Collagen Type I - blood</topic><topic>Endocrinology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Fractures</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Hip</topic><topic>Hip Fractures - blood</topic><topic>Hip Fractures - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hip Fractures - physiopathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Life Style</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Orthopedics</topic><topic>Osteocalcin</topic><topic>Osteocalcin - blood</topic><topic>Osteogenesis</topic><topic>Osteoporosis</topic><topic>Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - blood</topic><topic>Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - epidemiology</topic><topic>Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - physiopathology</topic><topic>Osteoporotic Fractures - blood</topic><topic>Osteoporotic Fractures - epidemiology</topic><topic>Osteoporotic Fractures - physiopathology</topic><topic>Peptides - blood</topic><topic>Physical Functional Performance</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Rheumatology</topic><topic>Risk Assessment - methods</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Massera, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walker, M. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valderrábano, R. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukamal, K. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ix, J. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siscovick, D. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tracy, R. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robbins, J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Biggs, M. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xue, X.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kizer, J. R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Osteoporosis international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Massera, D.</au><au>Xu, S.</au><au>Walker, M. D.</au><au>Valderrábano, R. J.</au><au>Mukamal, K. J.</au><au>Ix, J. H.</au><au>Siscovick, D. S.</au><au>Tracy, R. P.</au><au>Robbins, J. A.</au><au>Biggs, M. L.</au><au>Xue, X.</au><au>Kizer, J. R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biochemical markers of bone turnover and risk of incident hip fracture in older women: the Cardiovascular Health Study</atitle><jtitle>Osteoporosis international</jtitle><stitle>Osteoporos Int</stitle><addtitle>Osteoporos Int</addtitle><date>2019-09-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1755</spage><epage>1765</epage><pages>1755-1765</pages><issn>0937-941X</issn><issn>1433-2965</issn><eissn>1433-2965</eissn><abstract>Summary
The relationships of osteocalcin (OC) and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) with long-term incidence of hip fracture were examined in 1680 post-menopausal women from a population-based study. CTX, but not OC, levels were associated with incident hip fracture in these participants, a relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape.
Introduction
We sought to investigate the relationships of OC, a marker of bone formation, and CTX, a marker of bone resorption, with long-term incidence of hip fracture in older women.
Methods
We included 1680 women from the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (mean [SD] age 74.5 [5.0] years). The longitudinal association of both markers with incidence of hip fracture was examined using multivariable Cox models.
Results
During a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 288 incident hip fractures occurred. Linear spline analysis did not demonstrate an association between OC levels and incident hip fracture. By contrast, increasing levels of CTX up to the middle-upper range were associated with a significantly greater risk of hip fracture (HR = 1.52 per SD increment, 95% CI = 1.10–2.09), while further increases were associated with a marginally non-significant lower risk (HR = 0.80 per SD increment, 95% CI = 0.63–1.01), after full adjustment for potential confounders. In analyses of quartiles, CTX exhibited a similar inverted U-shaped relationship with incident fracture after adjustment, with a significant association observed only for the comparison of quartile 3 to quartile 1 (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.10–2.43). In a subset with available measures, both OC and CTX were inversely associated with bone mineral density of the hip.
Conclusion
CTX, but not OC, levels were associated with incident hip fracture in post-menopausal women, a relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape. These findings highlight the complex relationship of bone turnover markers with hip fracture risk.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Springer London</pub><pmid>31227885</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00198-019-05043-1</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over Biochemical markers Biomarkers - blood Bone (long) Bone Density - physiology Bone growth Bone mineral density Bone Remodeling - physiology Bone resorption Bone turnover Collagen (type I) Collagen Type I - blood Endocrinology Female Follow-Up Studies Fractures Health risk assessment Hip Hip Fractures - blood Hip Fractures - epidemiology Hip Fractures - physiopathology Humans Incidence Life Style Medicine Medicine & Public Health Older people Original Article Orthopedics Osteocalcin Osteocalcin - blood Osteogenesis Osteoporosis Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - blood Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - epidemiology Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal - physiopathology Osteoporotic Fractures - blood Osteoporotic Fractures - epidemiology Osteoporotic Fractures - physiopathology Peptides - blood Physical Functional Performance Population studies Rheumatology Risk Assessment - methods United States - epidemiology |
title | Biochemical markers of bone turnover and risk of incident hip fracture in older women: the Cardiovascular Health Study |
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