Controlling the material properties and rRNA processing function of the nucleolus using light

The nucleolus is a prominent nuclear condensate that plays a central role in ribosome biogenesis by facilitating the transcription and processing of nascent ribosomal RNA (rRNA). A number of studies have highlighted the active viscoelastic nature of the nucleolus, whose material properties and phase...

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Veröffentlicht in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2019-08, Vol.116 (35), p.17330-17335
Hauptverfasser: Zhu, Lian, Richardson, Tiffany M., Wacheul, Ludivine, Wei, Ming-Tzo, Feric, Marina, Whitney, Gena, Lafontaine, Denis L. J., Brangwynne, Clifford P.
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container_issue 35
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container_title Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS
container_volume 116
creator Zhu, Lian
Richardson, Tiffany M.
Wacheul, Ludivine
Wei, Ming-Tzo
Feric, Marina
Whitney, Gena
Lafontaine, Denis L. J.
Brangwynne, Clifford P.
description The nucleolus is a prominent nuclear condensate that plays a central role in ribosome biogenesis by facilitating the transcription and processing of nascent ribosomal RNA (rRNA). A number of studies have highlighted the active viscoelastic nature of the nucleolus, whose material properties and phase behavior are a consequence of underlying molecular interactions. However, the ways in which the material properties of the nucleolus impact its function in rRNA biogenesis are not understood. Here we utilize the Cry2olig optogenetic system to modulate the viscoelastic properties of the nucleolus. We show that above a threshold concentration of Cry2olig protein, the nucleolus can be gelled into a tightly linked, low mobility meshwork. Gelled nucleoli no longer coalesce and relax into spheres but nonetheless permit continued internal molecular mobility of small proteins. These changes in nucleolar material properties manifest in specific alterations in rRNA processing steps, including a buildup of larger rRNA precursors and a depletion of smaller rRNA precursors. We propose that the flux of processed rRNA may be actively tuned by the cell through modulating nucleolar material properties, which suggests the potential of materials-based approaches for therapeutic intervention in ribosomopathies.
doi_str_mv 10.1073/pnas.1903870116
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subjects Animals
Biological Sciences
Biosynthesis
Cell Nucleolus - metabolism
Coalescing
Depletion
Material properties
Mice
Mobility
Molecular interactions
NIH 3T3 Cells
Nucleoli
Optogenetics
Precursors
Proteins
RNA processing
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional - physiology
RNA, Ribosomal - metabolism
rRNA
Transcription
Viscoelasticity
Xenopus laevis
title Controlling the material properties and rRNA processing function of the nucleolus using light
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