Angiogenesis Changes in Ovariectomized Rats with Osteoporosis Treated with Estrogen Replacement Therapy
To investigate whether angiogenesis changes in early menopausal osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy, 120 rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group (SHAM), ovariectomy group (OVX), and ovariectomy plus three different estrogen doses replacement therapy group...
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| description | To investigate whether angiogenesis changes in early menopausal osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy, 120 rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group (SHAM), ovariectomy group (OVX), and ovariectomy plus three different estrogen doses replacement therapy groups (OVX + E2). We detected the bone microarchitecture and measured the expression levels of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). CD31 immunofluorescence and silica gel perfusion imaging were used to analyze the vascular distribution. We confirmed that the femur BMD of ovariectomized rats was significantly lower than SHAM group and OVX+E2 groups. After estrogen therapy, the local microvascular formation increased after estrogen treatment in a dose dependent manner. ERβ was downregulated and VEGF was upregulated, positively correlated with estrogen dosage. We successfully constructed an osteoporosis model of ovariectomized rats with estrogen replacement therapy. We also found angiogenesis changed in early menopausal osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy. We indicated that estrogen replacement therapy increased angiogenesis through VEGF upregulation. However, we observed that, at the highest doses of estrogen studied, increased angiogenesis was associated with a decrease in BMD, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2019/1283717 |
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We detected the bone microarchitecture and measured the expression levels of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). CD31 immunofluorescence and silica gel perfusion imaging were used to analyze the vascular distribution. We confirmed that the femur BMD of ovariectomized rats was significantly lower than SHAM group and OVX+E2 groups. After estrogen therapy, the local microvascular formation increased after estrogen treatment in a dose dependent manner. ERβ was downregulated and VEGF was upregulated, positively correlated with estrogen dosage. We successfully constructed an osteoporosis model of ovariectomized rats with estrogen replacement therapy. We also found angiogenesis changed in early menopausal osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy. We indicated that estrogen replacement therapy increased angiogenesis through VEGF upregulation. However, we observed that, at the highest doses of estrogen studied, increased angiogenesis was associated with a decrease in BMD, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2019/1283717</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31355247</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Abdomen ; Angiogenesis ; Animals ; Biocompatibility ; Bone density ; Bone Density - drug effects ; Breast cancer ; Computer architecture ; Dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrogen ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Estrogens ; Estrogens - pharmacology ; Female ; Femur ; Femur - drug effects ; Femur - pathology ; Fractures ; Growth factors ; Health risk assessment ; Hormone replacement therapy ; Hormone therapy ; Humans ; Immunofluorescence ; Medical imaging ; Menopause ; Microvasculature ; Molecular biology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic - drug therapy ; NF-κB protein ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis - drug therapy ; Osteoprotegerin ; Ovariectomy ; Penicillin G ; Perfusion ; Phenols ; Rats ; Silica ; Silica gel ; Silicon dioxide ; Surgery ; Therapy ; TRANCE protein ; Vascular endothelial growth factor ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2019, Vol.2019 (2019), p.1-9</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2019 Yige Zhang et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Yige Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Yige Zhang et al. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-b7893298ecd8bd9515c9b3f9c12d2cb9e6d61c112361024e49b56fea6d02a7673</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-b7893298ecd8bd9515c9b3f9c12d2cb9e6d61c112361024e49b56fea6d02a7673</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3079-0109 ; 0000-0001-6213-1899</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6637705/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6637705/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,4021,27921,27922,27923,53789,53791</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31355247$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Lee, Robert J.</contributor><contributor>Robert J Lee</contributor><creatorcontrib>Xu, Chenyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Haifeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Kai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hua, Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yige</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Wenge</creatorcontrib><title>Angiogenesis Changes in Ovariectomized Rats with Osteoporosis Treated with Estrogen Replacement Therapy</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>To investigate whether angiogenesis changes in early menopausal osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy, 120 rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group (SHAM), ovariectomy group (OVX), and ovariectomy plus three different estrogen doses replacement therapy groups (OVX + E2). 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However, we observed that, at the highest doses of estrogen studied, increased angiogenesis was associated with a decrease in BMD, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear.</description><subject>Abdomen</subject><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Bone density</subject><subject>Bone Density - drug effects</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Computer architecture</subject><subject>Dosage</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Estrogen</subject><subject>Estrogen Replacement Therapy</subject><subject>Estrogens</subject><subject>Estrogens - pharmacology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Femur</subject><subject>Femur - drug effects</subject><subject>Femur - pathology</subject><subject>Fractures</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Hormone replacement therapy</subject><subject>Hormone therapy</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunofluorescence</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Menopause</subject><subject>Microvasculature</subject><subject>Molecular biology</subject><subject>Neovascularization, Pathologic - drug therapy</subject><subject>NF-κB protein</subject><subject>Osteoporosis</subject><subject>Osteoporosis - drug therapy</subject><subject>Osteoprotegerin</subject><subject>Ovariectomy</subject><subject>Penicillin G</subject><subject>Perfusion</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Silica</subject><subject>Silica gel</subject><subject>Silicon dioxide</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Therapy</subject><subject>TRANCE protein</subject><subject>Vascular endothelial growth factor</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>2314-6133</issn><issn>2314-6141</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc1r2zAYxs3YWEvX287DsMugzapXsmTrMgih3QaFQMnOQpZf2yq2lElOS_fXT16ydNtpukjw_PS8H0-WvQXyEYDzK0pAXgGtWAnli-yUMigWAgp4eXwzdpKdx3hP0qlAECleZycMGOe0KE-zbuk66zt0GG3MV712Hcbcunz9oINFM_nR_sAmv9NTzB_t1OfrOKHf-uDnD5uAekryL-U6TmG2yu9wO2iDI7op3_QY9PbpTfaq1UPE88N9ln27ud6svixu15-_rpa3C1NIOS3qspKMygpNU9WN5MCNrFkrDdCGmlqiaAQYAMoEEFpgIWsuWtSiIVSXomRn2ae973ZXj9iY1ELQg9oGO-rwpLy26m_F2V51_kEJwcqS8GTw4WAQ_PcdxkmNNhocBu3Q76KiNJFFRaFK6Pt_0Hu_Cy6Nlyhe8kLwSjxTnR5QWdf6VNfMpmopCCsIq-Rc9nJPmbTYGLA9tgxEzVGrOWp1iDrh7_4c8wj_DjYBF3ugt67Rj_Y_7TAx2OpnOm2acsJ-ApEtuo8</recordid><startdate>2019</startdate><enddate>2019</enddate><creator>Xu, Chenyang</creator><creator>Chen, Haifeng</creator><creator>Ding, Kai</creator><creator>Hua, Fei</creator><creator>Zhang, Yige</creator><creator>Ding, Wenge</creator><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CWDGH</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-0109</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6213-1899</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2019</creationdate><title>Angiogenesis Changes in Ovariectomized Rats with Osteoporosis Treated with Estrogen Replacement Therapy</title><author>Xu, Chenyang ; Chen, Haifeng ; Ding, Kai ; Hua, Fei ; Zhang, Yige ; Ding, Wenge</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-b7893298ecd8bd9515c9b3f9c12d2cb9e6d61c112361024e49b56fea6d02a7673</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Abdomen</topic><topic>Angiogenesis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Bone density</topic><topic>Bone Density - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xu, Chenyang</au><au>Chen, Haifeng</au><au>Ding, Kai</au><au>Hua, Fei</au><au>Zhang, Yige</au><au>Ding, Wenge</au><au>Lee, Robert J.</au><au>Robert J Lee</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Angiogenesis Changes in Ovariectomized Rats with Osteoporosis Treated with Estrogen Replacement Therapy</atitle><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><date>2019</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>2019</volume><issue>2019</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>9</epage><pages>1-9</pages><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>To investigate whether angiogenesis changes in early menopausal osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy, 120 rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group (SHAM), ovariectomy group (OVX), and ovariectomy plus three different estrogen doses replacement therapy groups (OVX + E2). We detected the bone microarchitecture and measured the expression levels of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). CD31 immunofluorescence and silica gel perfusion imaging were used to analyze the vascular distribution. We confirmed that the femur BMD of ovariectomized rats was significantly lower than SHAM group and OVX+E2 groups. After estrogen therapy, the local microvascular formation increased after estrogen treatment in a dose dependent manner. ERβ was downregulated and VEGF was upregulated, positively correlated with estrogen dosage. We successfully constructed an osteoporosis model of ovariectomized rats with estrogen replacement therapy. We also found angiogenesis changed in early menopausal osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy. We indicated that estrogen replacement therapy increased angiogenesis through VEGF upregulation. However, we observed that, at the highest doses of estrogen studied, increased angiogenesis was associated with a decrease in BMD, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</pub><pmid>31355247</pmid><doi>10.1155/2019/1283717</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-0109</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6213-1899</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Abdomen Angiogenesis Animals Biocompatibility Bone density Bone Density - drug effects Breast cancer Computer architecture Dosage Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Estrogen Estrogen Replacement Therapy Estrogens Estrogens - pharmacology Female Femur Femur - drug effects Femur - pathology Fractures Growth factors Health risk assessment Hormone replacement therapy Hormone therapy Humans Immunofluorescence Medical imaging Menopause Microvasculature Molecular biology Neovascularization, Pathologic - drug therapy NF-κB protein Osteoporosis Osteoporosis - drug therapy Osteoprotegerin Ovariectomy Penicillin G Perfusion Phenols Rats Silica Silica gel Silicon dioxide Surgery Therapy TRANCE protein Vascular endothelial growth factor Womens health |
| title | Angiogenesis Changes in Ovariectomized Rats with Osteoporosis Treated with Estrogen Replacement Therapy |
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