Neuroprotective Effects of Musk of Muskrat on Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats
Musk of musk deer has been one of the most precious traditional medicinal materials for treatment of stroke, but trading is prohibited. Musk of muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus, is an accessible substitute for musk of musk deer. However, neuroprotective effects of the musk of muskrat on stroke model are...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine 2019-01, Vol.2019 (2019), p.1-6 |
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| creator | Kim, Hocheol Song, Jungbin Kim, Young-Sik Lee, Donghun |
| description | Musk of musk deer has been one of the most precious traditional medicinal materials for treatment of stroke, but trading is prohibited. Musk of muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus, is an accessible substitute for musk of musk deer. However, neuroprotective effects of the musk of muskrat on stroke model are so far unclear. Aim of the study is to determine neuroprotective effects of the musk of muskrat on focal cerebral ischemia. The protective effects against focal cerebral ischemia were evaluated using a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (90-minute occlusion followed by 24-hour reperfusion). Musk of muskrat was collected from scent bag of muskrat and orally administered at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg twice at times of 0 and 90 min after occlusion. The effects on sensorimotor dysfunction were investigated by using balance beam test and rotarod test after brain ischemia. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Oral administration of musk at 300 mg/kg significantly reduced (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2019/9817949 |
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Musk of muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus, is an accessible substitute for musk of musk deer. However, neuroprotective effects of the musk of muskrat on stroke model are so far unclear. Aim of the study is to determine neuroprotective effects of the musk of muskrat on focal cerebral ischemia. The protective effects against focal cerebral ischemia were evaluated using a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (90-minute occlusion followed by 24-hour reperfusion). Musk of muskrat was collected from scent bag of muskrat and orally administered at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg twice at times of 0 and 90 min after occlusion. The effects on sensorimotor dysfunction were investigated by using balance beam test and rotarod test after brain ischemia. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Oral administration of musk at 300 mg/kg significantly reduced (p<0.001) the infarct volume by 32.4% compared with a vehicle-treated group. Oral administration of musk at 300 mg/kg also ameliorated ischemia-induced spontaneous and vestibule sensorimotor dysfunction in balance beam test and rotarod test compared with control group and COX-2 upregulation. Musk of muskrat may have neuroprotective effects against transient focal cerebral ischemia with recovery of sensorimotor dysfunction. Regarding the immunohistochemistry, the effects of muskrat may be due to anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of COX-2 expressions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1741-427X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1741-4288</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2019/9817949</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31341507</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Anti-inflammatory agents ; Aquatic mammals ; Aqueous solutions ; Balance ; Biochemistry ; Brain research ; Carotid arteries ; Cerebral blood flow ; Cyclooxygenase-2 ; Deer ; Gene expression ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Ischemia ; Laboratory animals ; Moschidae ; Musk ; Neuroprotection ; Neurosciences ; Neurotoxicity ; Occlusion ; Ondatra zibethicus ; Oral administration ; Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase ; Reperfusion ; Rodents ; Sensorimotor system ; Stroke ; Traumatic brain injury ; Veins & arteries ; Vestibules</subject><ispartof>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2019-01, Vol.2019 (2019), p.1-6</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2019 Donghun Lee et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Donghun Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Donghun Lee et al. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-3532fdced3a85965ba72e7d06228df54dcae6e2de75f90affbed8500577ee28b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-3532fdced3a85965ba72e7d06228df54dcae6e2de75f90affbed8500577ee28b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8078-1155 ; 0000-0002-6690-0226 ; 0000-0002-3587-9276 ; 0000-0003-1075-0713</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6614976/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6614976/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31341507$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Kim, Yong-Ung</contributor><contributor>Yong-Ung Kim</contributor><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hocheol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Jungbin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Young-Sik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Donghun</creatorcontrib><title>Neuroprotective Effects of Musk of Muskrat on Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats</title><title>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</title><addtitle>Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</addtitle><description>Musk of musk deer has been one of the most precious traditional medicinal materials for treatment of stroke, but trading is prohibited. Musk of muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus, is an accessible substitute for musk of musk deer. However, neuroprotective effects of the musk of muskrat on stroke model are so far unclear. Aim of the study is to determine neuroprotective effects of the musk of muskrat on focal cerebral ischemia. The protective effects against focal cerebral ischemia were evaluated using a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (90-minute occlusion followed by 24-hour reperfusion). Musk of muskrat was collected from scent bag of muskrat and orally administered at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg twice at times of 0 and 90 min after occlusion. The effects on sensorimotor dysfunction were investigated by using balance beam test and rotarod test after brain ischemia. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Oral administration of musk at 300 mg/kg significantly reduced (p<0.001) the infarct volume by 32.4% compared with a vehicle-treated group. Oral administration of musk at 300 mg/kg also ameliorated ischemia-induced spontaneous and vestibule sensorimotor dysfunction in balance beam test and rotarod test compared with control group and COX-2 upregulation. Musk of muskrat may have neuroprotective effects against transient focal cerebral ischemia with recovery of sensorimotor dysfunction. Regarding the immunohistochemistry, the effects of muskrat may be due to anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of COX-2 expressions.</description><subject>Anti-inflammatory agents</subject><subject>Aquatic mammals</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Balance</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Carotid arteries</subject><subject>Cerebral blood flow</subject><subject>Cyclooxygenase-2</subject><subject>Deer</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Moschidae</subject><subject>Musk</subject><subject>Neuroprotection</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Neurotoxicity</subject><subject>Occlusion</subject><subject>Ondatra zibethicus</subject><subject>Oral administration</subject><subject>Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase</subject><subject>Reperfusion</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Sensorimotor system</subject><subject>Stroke</subject><subject>Traumatic brain injury</subject><subject>Veins & 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Hocheol</creator><creator>Song, Jungbin</creator><creator>Kim, Young-Sik</creator><creator>Lee, Donghun</creator><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Hindawi 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Effects of Musk of Muskrat on Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats</title><author>Kim, Hocheol ; Song, Jungbin ; Kim, Young-Sik ; Lee, Donghun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-3532fdced3a85965ba72e7d06228df54dcae6e2de75f90affbed8500577ee28b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Anti-inflammatory agents</topic><topic>Aquatic mammals</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Balance</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Brain research</topic><topic>Carotid arteries</topic><topic>Cerebral blood flow</topic><topic>Cyclooxygenase-2</topic><topic>Deer</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Ischemia</topic><topic>Laboratory animals</topic><topic>Moschidae</topic><topic>Musk</topic><topic>Neuroprotection</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Neurotoxicity</topic><topic>Occlusion</topic><topic>Ondatra zibethicus</topic><topic>Oral administration</topic><topic>Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase</topic><topic>Reperfusion</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Sensorimotor system</topic><topic>Stroke</topic><topic>Traumatic brain injury</topic><topic>Veins & arteries</topic><topic>Vestibules</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hocheol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Jungbin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Young-Sik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Donghun</creatorcontrib><collection>الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - e-Marefa Academic and Statistical Periodicals</collection><collection>معرفة - المحتوى العربي الأكاديمي المتكامل - e-Marefa Academic Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing 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medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</addtitle><date>2019-01-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>2019</volume><issue>2019</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>6</epage><pages>1-6</pages><issn>1741-427X</issn><eissn>1741-4288</eissn><abstract>Musk of musk deer has been one of the most precious traditional medicinal materials for treatment of stroke, but trading is prohibited. Musk of muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus, is an accessible substitute for musk of musk deer. However, neuroprotective effects of the musk of muskrat on stroke model are so far unclear. Aim of the study is to determine neuroprotective effects of the musk of muskrat on focal cerebral ischemia. The protective effects against focal cerebral ischemia were evaluated using a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (90-minute occlusion followed by 24-hour reperfusion). Musk of muskrat was collected from scent bag of muskrat and orally administered at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg twice at times of 0 and 90 min after occlusion. The effects on sensorimotor dysfunction were investigated by using balance beam test and rotarod test after brain ischemia. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Oral administration of musk at 300 mg/kg significantly reduced (p<0.001) the infarct volume by 32.4% compared with a vehicle-treated group. Oral administration of musk at 300 mg/kg also ameliorated ischemia-induced spontaneous and vestibule sensorimotor dysfunction in balance beam test and rotarod test compared with control group and COX-2 upregulation. Musk of muskrat may have neuroprotective effects against transient focal cerebral ischemia with recovery of sensorimotor dysfunction. Regarding the immunohistochemistry, the effects of muskrat may be due to anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of COX-2 expressions.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</pub><pmid>31341507</pmid><doi>10.1155/2019/9817949</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8078-1155</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6690-0226</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3587-9276</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-0713</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anti-inflammatory agents Aquatic mammals Aqueous solutions Balance Biochemistry Brain research Carotid arteries Cerebral blood flow Cyclooxygenase-2 Deer Gene expression Immunohistochemistry Inflammation Ischemia Laboratory animals Moschidae Musk Neuroprotection Neurosciences Neurotoxicity Occlusion Ondatra zibethicus Oral administration Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase Reperfusion Rodents Sensorimotor system Stroke Traumatic brain injury Veins & arteries Vestibules |
| title | Neuroprotective Effects of Musk of Muskrat on Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats |
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