Effects of enhanced environment and induced depression on cuprizone mouse model of demyelination
Impairment in cognition and motor activity are commonly encountered in patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), and depression is believed to be a contributing factor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of induced depression on a cuprizone mouse model of demyelination an...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2019-07, Vol.18 (1), p.566-572 |
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| creator | Mohamed, Ayman Al-Kafaji, Ghada Almahroos, Amal Almosawi, Zahra Alalwan, Hawra Abdulla, Reem Alammadi, Fajer Almubarak, Ahmed Al-Mahrezi, Ahmed Kamal, Amer |
| description | Impairment in cognition and motor activity are commonly encountered in patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), and depression is believed to be a contributing factor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of induced depression on a cuprizone mouse model of demyelination and the effectiveness of enhanced environment (EE) as a method of intervention. C57BL/6 male mice were divided into five groups: Cuprizone only (Cup-O), cuprizone undergoing depression (Cup-Dep), cuprizone housed in EE (Cup-EE), cuprizone housed in EE and undergoing depression (Cup-ED) and the control (n=9-10 per group). Depression was induced by repeated open-space forced swim. Neurobehavioral tests were conducted following a 6-week period of 0.2% cuprizone-enriched diet. The Cup-EE group performed significantly better in terms of cognition and motor functions, when compared with the Cup-O group, as evidenced by the Morris water maze (MWM; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3892/etm.2019.7654 |
| format | Article |
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of induced depression on a cuprizone mouse model of demyelination and the effectiveness of enhanced environment (EE) as a method of intervention. C57BL/6 male mice were divided into five groups: Cuprizone only (Cup-O), cuprizone undergoing depression (Cup-Dep), cuprizone housed in EE (Cup-EE), cuprizone housed in EE and undergoing depression (Cup-ED) and the control (n=9-10 per group). Depression was induced by repeated open-space forced swim. Neurobehavioral tests were conducted following a 6-week period of 0.2% cuprizone-enriched diet. The Cup-EE group performed significantly better in terms of cognition and motor functions, when compared with the Cup-O group, as evidenced by the Morris water maze (MWM; P<0.001) and rotarod performance test (P<0.05) results. Conversely, the Cup-Dep group exhibited a significant decline in performance in the MWM (P<0.001) and rotarod performance test (P<0.05), when compared with the Cup-O group. The Cup-ED group had comparable results to those of the Cup-O group, indicating a reversal of the induced depression effects. Open field test results failed to show an anxiety-like behavior in the cuprizone mouse model. It was therefore concluded that EE can improve MS-associated cognitive and motor deficits. Insights gained from these results facilitate the exploration of non-medical modes of intervention as an emerging adjuvant therapy in MS.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1792-0981</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1792-1015</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7654</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31281443</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Greece: Spandidos Publications</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animal cognition ; Anxiety ; Behavior ; Brain ; Cognitive ability ; Depression (Mood disorder) ; Disease ; Gene expression ; House mouse ; Kinases ; Laboratory animals ; Memory ; Mental depression ; Multiple sclerosis ; Quality of life ; Rodents ; Studies</subject><ispartof>Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2019-07, Vol.18 (1), p.566-572</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Spandidos Publications</rights><rights>Copyright Spandidos Publications UK Ltd. 2019</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019, Spandidos Publications 2019</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-f81a94293932e4dbcc33d714154f57b757f9f22aef91cd7febf6fe70fe7a01883</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-f81a94293932e4dbcc33d714154f57b757f9f22aef91cd7febf6fe70fe7a01883</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6591500/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6591500/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31281443$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mohamed, Ayman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Kafaji, Ghada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almahroos, Amal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almosawi, Zahra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alalwan, Hawra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdulla, Reem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alammadi, Fajer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almubarak, Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Mahrezi, Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamal, Amer</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of enhanced environment and induced depression on cuprizone mouse model of demyelination</title><title>Experimental and therapeutic medicine</title><addtitle>Exp Ther Med</addtitle><description>Impairment in cognition and motor activity are commonly encountered in patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), and depression is believed to be a contributing factor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of induced depression on a cuprizone mouse model of demyelination and the effectiveness of enhanced environment (EE) as a method of intervention. C57BL/6 male mice were divided into five groups: Cuprizone only (Cup-O), cuprizone undergoing depression (Cup-Dep), cuprizone housed in EE (Cup-EE), cuprizone housed in EE and undergoing depression (Cup-ED) and the control (n=9-10 per group). Depression was induced by repeated open-space forced swim. Neurobehavioral tests were conducted following a 6-week period of 0.2% cuprizone-enriched diet. The Cup-EE group performed significantly better in terms of cognition and motor functions, when compared with the Cup-O group, as evidenced by the Morris water maze (MWM; P<0.001) and rotarod performance test (P<0.05) results. Conversely, the Cup-Dep group exhibited a significant decline in performance in the MWM (P<0.001) and rotarod performance test (P<0.05), when compared with the Cup-O group. The Cup-ED group had comparable results to those of the Cup-O group, indicating a reversal of the induced depression effects. Open field test results failed to show an anxiety-like behavior in the cuprizone mouse model. It was therefore concluded that EE can improve MS-associated cognitive and motor deficits. Insights gained from these results facilitate the exploration of non-medical modes of intervention as an emerging adjuvant therapy in MS.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal cognition</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Depression (Mood disorder)</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>House mouse</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Multiple sclerosis</subject><subject>Quality of life</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>1792-0981</issn><issn>1792-1015</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNptkk1rFTEUhoMottQu3cqAGzdzzefMZCOUUm2h4Mau09zkpE2ZSa7JTKH99Z6h12rFfJM8eZNzeAl5z-hGDJp_hnnacMr0pu-UfEUOWa95yyhTr_drqgd2QI5rvaNYVMeGQb0lB4LxgUkpDsn1WQjg5trk0EC6tcmBx8V9LDlNkObGJt_E5Jd138OuQK0xpwabW3YlPuYEzZSXuo4exlXHw_QAY0x2RvIdeRPsWOF4Px-Rq69nP07P28vv3y5OTy5bJxmf2zAwqyXXQgsO0m-dE8L3TDIlg-q3veqDDpxbCJo53wfYhi5AT7FbilGJI_LlSXe3bCfwDv9e7Gjwi5MtDybbaF6epHhrbvK96ZRmilIU-LQXKPnnAnU2U6wOxtEmwPgM50oMgndCIPrxH_QuLyVheEhJFJRMqj_UjR3BxBQyvutWUXOCiGBDp9ZnN_-hsGIWo8Pshoj7Ly60TxdcybUWCM8xMmpWVxh0hVldYVZXIP_h78Q80789IH4By6izSQ</recordid><startdate>20190701</startdate><enddate>20190701</enddate><creator>Mohamed, Ayman</creator><creator>Al-Kafaji, Ghada</creator><creator>Almahroos, Amal</creator><creator>Almosawi, Zahra</creator><creator>Alalwan, Hawra</creator><creator>Abdulla, Reem</creator><creator>Alammadi, Fajer</creator><creator>Almubarak, Ahmed</creator><creator>Al-Mahrezi, Ahmed</creator><creator>Kamal, Amer</creator><general>Spandidos Publications</general><general>Spandidos Publications UK Ltd</general><general>D.A. 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The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of induced depression on a cuprizone mouse model of demyelination and the effectiveness of enhanced environment (EE) as a method of intervention. C57BL/6 male mice were divided into five groups: Cuprizone only (Cup-O), cuprizone undergoing depression (Cup-Dep), cuprizone housed in EE (Cup-EE), cuprizone housed in EE and undergoing depression (Cup-ED) and the control (n=9-10 per group). Depression was induced by repeated open-space forced swim. Neurobehavioral tests were conducted following a 6-week period of 0.2% cuprizone-enriched diet. The Cup-EE group performed significantly better in terms of cognition and motor functions, when compared with the Cup-O group, as evidenced by the Morris water maze (MWM; P<0.001) and rotarod performance test (P<0.05) results. Conversely, the Cup-Dep group exhibited a significant decline in performance in the MWM (P<0.001) and rotarod performance test (P<0.05), when compared with the Cup-O group. The Cup-ED group had comparable results to those of the Cup-O group, indicating a reversal of the induced depression effects. Open field test results failed to show an anxiety-like behavior in the cuprizone mouse model. It was therefore concluded that EE can improve MS-associated cognitive and motor deficits. Insights gained from these results facilitate the exploration of non-medical modes of intervention as an emerging adjuvant therapy in MS.</abstract><cop>Greece</cop><pub>Spandidos Publications</pub><pmid>31281443</pmid><doi>10.3892/etm.2019.7654</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analysis Animal cognition Anxiety Behavior Brain Cognitive ability Depression (Mood disorder) Disease Gene expression House mouse Kinases Laboratory animals Memory Mental depression Multiple sclerosis Quality of life Rodents Studies |
| title | Effects of enhanced environment and induced depression on cuprizone mouse model of demyelination |
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