Phenotypic plasticity in adult sympathetic ganglia in vivo: effects of deafferentation and axotomy on the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide
The expression of neurotransmitters/neuromodulators in sympathetic neurons is regulated by anterograde and retrograde mechanisms. We have examined the role of such mechanisms in the regulation of the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) con...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of neuroscience 1993-04, Vol.13 (4), p.1642-1653 |
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| description | The expression of neurotransmitters/neuromodulators in sympathetic neurons is regulated by anterograde and retrograde mechanisms. We have examined the role of such mechanisms in the regulation of the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) contains low levels of peptide-like immunoreactivity (IR) and mRNA for VIP. Some VIP-IR nerve processes, but only a few VIP-IR cell bodies, are detectable. Previous evidence demonstrates, however, that after the SCG is placed in organ culture for 48 hr, the level of VIP-IR and VIP mRNA and the number of VIP-IR cell bodies and fibers increase considerably. Two of the possible causes for these changes in peptide expression in sympathetic neurons are deafferentation and axotomy, both of which occur when the SCG is placed in culture. To determine the importance of deafferentation, the preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk was cut and the ganglion left in situ. Forty-eight hours later, VIP-IR increased twofold. A corresponding increase in the number of VIP-IR nerve processes was seen, but there was no detectable change in the number of VIP-IR cell bodies. The content of VIP/PHI mRNA also increased by 1.8-fold. The effect of axotomy on VIP-IR was examined by cutting the postganglionic internal and external carotid nerves and leaving the ganglion in situ. Forty-eight hours later, the level of VIP-IR increased 22-fold, many immunostained neurons were found, and the content of VIP mRNA increased over fivefold. After either deafferentation or axotomy, changes in VIP-IR were accompanied by comparable changes in the related molecule peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI)-IR. Neuropeptide Y-IR, on the other hand, decreased after deafferentation and increased only twofold after axotomy. The results indicate plasticity in the expression of VIP- and PHI-IR in adult sympathetic neurons in vivo, and suggest that the changes previously seen in organ culture were primarily a response to axotomy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01642.1993 |
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We have examined the role of such mechanisms in the regulation of the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) contains low levels of peptide-like immunoreactivity (IR) and mRNA for VIP. Some VIP-IR nerve processes, but only a few VIP-IR cell bodies, are detectable. Previous evidence demonstrates, however, that after the SCG is placed in organ culture for 48 hr, the level of VIP-IR and VIP mRNA and the number of VIP-IR cell bodies and fibers increase considerably. Two of the possible causes for these changes in peptide expression in sympathetic neurons are deafferentation and axotomy, both of which occur when the SCG is placed in culture. To determine the importance of deafferentation, the preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk was cut and the ganglion left in situ. Forty-eight hours later, VIP-IR increased twofold. A corresponding increase in the number of VIP-IR nerve processes was seen, but there was no detectable change in the number of VIP-IR cell bodies. The content of VIP/PHI mRNA also increased by 1.8-fold. The effect of axotomy on VIP-IR was examined by cutting the postganglionic internal and external carotid nerves and leaving the ganglion in situ. Forty-eight hours later, the level of VIP-IR increased 22-fold, many immunostained neurons were found, and the content of VIP mRNA increased over fivefold. After either deafferentation or axotomy, changes in VIP-IR were accompanied by comparable changes in the related molecule peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI)-IR. Neuropeptide Y-IR, on the other hand, decreased after deafferentation and increased only twofold after axotomy. The results indicate plasticity in the expression of VIP- and PHI-IR in adult sympathetic neurons in vivo, and suggest that the changes previously seen in organ culture were primarily a response to axotomy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0270-6474</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1529-2401</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01642.1993</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8463841</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JNRSDS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Soc Neuroscience</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Denervation ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Ganglia, Sympathetic - metabolism ; Ganglia, Sympathetic - physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Peripheral nervous system. Autonomic nervous system. Neuromuscular transmission. Ganglionic transmission. Electric organ ; Phenotype ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - metabolism ; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><ispartof>The Journal of neuroscience, 1993-04, Vol.13 (4), p.1642-1653</ispartof><rights>1993 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>1993 by Society for Neuroscience 1993</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4273-2e7c17e4aeb5273635e12a715d30eead0472e04f50a198604a1e20a8f430ae223</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6576732/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6576732/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=4716238$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8463841$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hyatt-Sachs, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schreiber, RC</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bennett, TA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zigmond, RE</creatorcontrib><title>Phenotypic plasticity in adult sympathetic ganglia in vivo: effects of deafferentation and axotomy on the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide</title><title>The Journal of neuroscience</title><addtitle>J Neurosci</addtitle><description>The expression of neurotransmitters/neuromodulators in sympathetic neurons is regulated by anterograde and retrograde mechanisms. We have examined the role of such mechanisms in the regulation of the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) contains low levels of peptide-like immunoreactivity (IR) and mRNA for VIP. Some VIP-IR nerve processes, but only a few VIP-IR cell bodies, are detectable. Previous evidence demonstrates, however, that after the SCG is placed in organ culture for 48 hr, the level of VIP-IR and VIP mRNA and the number of VIP-IR cell bodies and fibers increase considerably. Two of the possible causes for these changes in peptide expression in sympathetic neurons are deafferentation and axotomy, both of which occur when the SCG is placed in culture. To determine the importance of deafferentation, the preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk was cut and the ganglion left in situ. Forty-eight hours later, VIP-IR increased twofold. A corresponding increase in the number of VIP-IR nerve processes was seen, but there was no detectable change in the number of VIP-IR cell bodies. The content of VIP/PHI mRNA also increased by 1.8-fold. The effect of axotomy on VIP-IR was examined by cutting the postganglionic internal and external carotid nerves and leaving the ganglion in situ. Forty-eight hours later, the level of VIP-IR increased 22-fold, many immunostained neurons were found, and the content of VIP mRNA increased over fivefold. After either deafferentation or axotomy, changes in VIP-IR were accompanied by comparable changes in the related molecule peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI)-IR. Neuropeptide Y-IR, on the other hand, decreased after deafferentation and increased only twofold after axotomy. The results indicate plasticity in the expression of VIP- and PHI-IR in adult sympathetic neurons in vivo, and suggest that the changes previously seen in organ culture were primarily a response to axotomy.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Denervation</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Ganglia, Sympathetic - metabolism</subject><subject>Ganglia, Sympathetic - physiology</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Neuronal Plasticity</subject><subject>Peripheral nervous system. Autonomic nervous system. Neuromuscular transmission. Ganglionic transmission. Electric organ</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Radioimmunoassay</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - metabolism</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><issn>0270-6474</issn><issn>1529-2401</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1993</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUc1u1DAQjhCoLIVHQLIQ4pbFf4mzPSChVSlFFUVAz9bUmWyMnDjE3mz3QXjfOnS1wImLrfH3MzP-suwVo0tWcPH20-fzm6_X39aXSyZyKnPKSsmXbLUSj7JFYqxyLil7nC0oVzQvpZJPs2ch_KCUKsrUSXZSyVJUki2yX19a7H3cD9aQwUGI1ti4J7YnUG9dJGHfDRBbTO9kA_3GWZjByU7-jGDToImB-IbUCKkYsY8QrU_qviZw56Pv9iSVyYHg3TBiCDOaBBMEDybaCZNfxNS4B0cGHKKt8Xn2pAEX8MXhPs1uPpx_X3_Mr64vLtfvr3IjuRI5R2WYQgl4W6S6FAUyDooVtaCIUFOpOFLZFBTYqiqpBIacQtVIQQE5F6fZuwffYXvbYW3S-CM4PYy2g3GvPVj9L9LbVm_8pMtClUrMBm8OBqP_uU1b6M4Gg85Bj34btCrS76fjv0RWFlIJWSXi2QPRjD6EEZvjNIzqOX19TF8zoanUv9PXc_pJ_PLvfY7SQ9wJf33AIRhwzQi9seFIk4qVXFR_hm3tpt3ZEXXowLlkyvRut0ttpZ6bintbDMs1</recordid><startdate>19930401</startdate><enddate>19930401</enddate><creator>Hyatt-Sachs, H</creator><creator>Schreiber, RC</creator><creator>Bennett, TA</creator><creator>Zigmond, RE</creator><general>Soc Neuroscience</general><general>Society for Neuroscience</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19930401</creationdate><title>Phenotypic plasticity in adult sympathetic ganglia in vivo: effects of deafferentation and axotomy on the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide</title><author>Hyatt-Sachs, H ; Schreiber, RC ; Bennett, TA ; Zigmond, RE</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4273-2e7c17e4aeb5273635e12a715d30eead0472e04f50a198604a1e20a8f430ae223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1993</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Denervation</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Ganglia, Sympathetic - metabolism</topic><topic>Ganglia, Sympathetic - physiology</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Neuronal Plasticity</topic><topic>Peripheral nervous system. Autonomic nervous system. Neuromuscular transmission. Ganglionic transmission. Electric organ</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Radioimmunoassay</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - metabolism</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hyatt-Sachs, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schreiber, RC</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bennett, TA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zigmond, RE</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The Journal of neuroscience</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hyatt-Sachs, H</au><au>Schreiber, RC</au><au>Bennett, TA</au><au>Zigmond, RE</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Phenotypic plasticity in adult sympathetic ganglia in vivo: effects of deafferentation and axotomy on the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of neuroscience</jtitle><addtitle>J Neurosci</addtitle><date>1993-04-01</date><risdate>1993</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1642</spage><epage>1653</epage><pages>1642-1653</pages><issn>0270-6474</issn><eissn>1529-2401</eissn><coden>JNRSDS</coden><abstract>The expression of neurotransmitters/neuromodulators in sympathetic neurons is regulated by anterograde and retrograde mechanisms. We have examined the role of such mechanisms in the regulation of the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) contains low levels of peptide-like immunoreactivity (IR) and mRNA for VIP. Some VIP-IR nerve processes, but only a few VIP-IR cell bodies, are detectable. Previous evidence demonstrates, however, that after the SCG is placed in organ culture for 48 hr, the level of VIP-IR and VIP mRNA and the number of VIP-IR cell bodies and fibers increase considerably. Two of the possible causes for these changes in peptide expression in sympathetic neurons are deafferentation and axotomy, both of which occur when the SCG is placed in culture. To determine the importance of deafferentation, the preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk was cut and the ganglion left in situ. Forty-eight hours later, VIP-IR increased twofold. A corresponding increase in the number of VIP-IR nerve processes was seen, but there was no detectable change in the number of VIP-IR cell bodies. The content of VIP/PHI mRNA also increased by 1.8-fold. The effect of axotomy on VIP-IR was examined by cutting the postganglionic internal and external carotid nerves and leaving the ganglion in situ. Forty-eight hours later, the level of VIP-IR increased 22-fold, many immunostained neurons were found, and the content of VIP mRNA increased over fivefold. After either deafferentation or axotomy, changes in VIP-IR were accompanied by comparable changes in the related molecule peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI)-IR. Neuropeptide Y-IR, on the other hand, decreased after deafferentation and increased only twofold after axotomy. The results indicate plasticity in the expression of VIP- and PHI-IR in adult sympathetic neurons in vivo, and suggest that the changes previously seen in organ culture were primarily a response to axotomy.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Soc Neuroscience</pub><pmid>8463841</pmid><doi>10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01642.1993</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Biological and medical sciences Denervation Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Ganglia, Sympathetic - metabolism Ganglia, Sympathetic - physiology Immunohistochemistry Male Neuronal Plasticity Peripheral nervous system. Autonomic nervous system. Neuromuscular transmission. Ganglionic transmission. Electric organ Phenotype Radioimmunoassay Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - metabolism Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs |
| title | Phenotypic plasticity in adult sympathetic ganglia in vivo: effects of deafferentation and axotomy on the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide |
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