Neighborhood diversity of potentially pathogenic bacteria in drinking water from the city of Maroua, Cameroon
This study examined the spatial variation of potential gastrointestinal pathogens within drinking water sources and home storage containers in four neighborhoods in Maroua, Cameroon. Samples were collected from source (n = 28) and home containers (n = 60) in each study neighborhood. Pathogen contami...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of water and health 2016-06, Vol.14 (3), p.559-570 |
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| creator | Healy-Profitós, Jessica Lee, Seungjun Mouhaman, Arabi Garabed, Rebecca Moritz, Mark Piperata, Barbara Lee, Jiyoung |
| description | This study examined the spatial variation of potential gastrointestinal pathogens within drinking water sources and home storage containers in four neighborhoods in Maroua, Cameroon. Samples were collected from source (n = 28) and home containers (n = 60) in each study neighborhood. Pathogen contamination was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, targeting Campylobacter spp., Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (virulence genes, stx1 and stx2), and Salmonella spp. Microbial source tracking (MST) targeted three different host-specific markers: HF183 (human), Rum2Bac (ruminant) and GFD (poultry) to identify contamination sources. Staphylococcus aureus and the tetracycline-resistance gene (tetQ) were assessed to measure human hand contact and presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Pathogen/MST levels were compared statistically and spatially, and neighborhood variation was compared with previously collected demographic information. All the test fecal markers and pathogens (except Arcobacter) were detected in home and source samples. Two neighborhoods tested positive for most pathogens/MST while the others only tested positive for one or two. Spatial variation of pathogens/MST existed between sources, storage containers, and neighborhoods. Differing population density and ethno-economic characteristics could potentially explain variation. Future research should explore the influence of demographic and ethno-economic factors on water quality during microbial risk assessments in urban Africa. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2166/wh.2016.204 |
| format | Article |
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Samples were collected from source (n = 28) and home containers (n = 60) in each study neighborhood. Pathogen contamination was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, targeting Campylobacter spp., Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (virulence genes, stx1 and stx2), and Salmonella spp. Microbial source tracking (MST) targeted three different host-specific markers: HF183 (human), Rum2Bac (ruminant) and GFD (poultry) to identify contamination sources. Staphylococcus aureus and the tetracycline-resistance gene (tetQ) were assessed to measure human hand contact and presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Pathogen/MST levels were compared statistically and spatially, and neighborhood variation was compared with previously collected demographic information. All the test fecal markers and pathogens (except Arcobacter) were detected in home and source samples. Two neighborhoods tested positive for most pathogens/MST while the others only tested positive for one or two. Spatial variation of pathogens/MST existed between sources, storage containers, and neighborhoods. Differing population density and ethno-economic characteristics could potentially explain variation. Future research should explore the influence of demographic and ethno-economic factors on water quality during microbial risk assessments in urban Africa.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1477-8920</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-7829</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.204</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27280618</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: IWA Publishing</publisher><subject>Antibiotic resistance ; Antibiotics ; Arcobacter ; Bacteria ; Cameroon ; Campylobacter ; Cholera ; Cities ; Containers ; Contamination ; Demographics ; Developing countries ; Drinking water ; Drinking Water - microbiology ; E coli ; Economic factors ; Economics ; Ethnography ; Feces ; Feces - microbiology ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Households ; LDCs ; Livestock ; Markers ; Microbiota ; Microorganisms ; Mortality ; Neighborhoods ; Pathogens ; Pollution sources ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population density ; Public health ; Quality assessment ; Residential density ; Risk assessment ; Ruminantia ; Salmonella ; Sanitation ; Shiga toxin ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Statistical analysis ; Toxins ; Virulence ; Water quality</subject><ispartof>Journal of water and health, 2016-06, Vol.14 (3), p.559-570</ispartof><rights>Copyright IWA Publishing Jun 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-c2df7e4118c9ffff7445edc3f61c58d35ecff694fbebeb2f9bcb86c04354dfb03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-c2df7e4118c9ffff7445edc3f61c58d35ecff694fbebeb2f9bcb86c04354dfb03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27280618$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Healy-Profitós, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Seungjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mouhaman, Arabi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garabed, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moritz, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piperata, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jiyoung</creatorcontrib><title>Neighborhood diversity of potentially pathogenic bacteria in drinking water from the city of Maroua, Cameroon</title><title>Journal of water and health</title><addtitle>J Water Health</addtitle><description>This study examined the spatial variation of potential gastrointestinal pathogens within drinking water sources and home storage containers in four neighborhoods in Maroua, Cameroon. Samples were collected from source (n = 28) and home containers (n = 60) in each study neighborhood. Pathogen contamination was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, targeting Campylobacter spp., Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (virulence genes, stx1 and stx2), and Salmonella spp. Microbial source tracking (MST) targeted three different host-specific markers: HF183 (human), Rum2Bac (ruminant) and GFD (poultry) to identify contamination sources. Staphylococcus aureus and the tetracycline-resistance gene (tetQ) were assessed to measure human hand contact and presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Pathogen/MST levels were compared statistically and spatially, and neighborhood variation was compared with previously collected demographic information. All the test fecal markers and pathogens (except Arcobacter) were detected in home and source samples. Two neighborhoods tested positive for most pathogens/MST while the others only tested positive for one or two. Spatial variation of pathogens/MST existed between sources, storage containers, and neighborhoods. Differing population density and ethno-economic characteristics could potentially explain variation. Future research should explore the influence of demographic and ethno-economic factors on water quality during microbial risk assessments in urban Africa.</description><subject>Antibiotic resistance</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Arcobacter</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Cameroon</subject><subject>Campylobacter</subject><subject>Cholera</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Containers</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Drinking Water - microbiology</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Economic factors</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Ethnography</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Feces - microbiology</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Markers</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Neighborhoods</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Pollution sources</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Population density</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Quality assessment</subject><subject>Residential density</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Ruminantia</subject><subject>Salmonella</subject><subject>Sanitation</subject><subject>Shiga toxin</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><issn>1477-8920</issn><issn>1996-7829</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc9vFCEUx0mjaWvtqfeGxIuJTgWGnxcTs7HVpOpFz4RhYId2BrYw083-99J0bbQXIXmQx-d9w3tfAM4wuiCY8w_b4YIgzGugB-AYK8UbIYl6Ue9UiEYqgo7Aq1JuECKcMHIIjoggEnEsj8H03YX10KU8pNTDPty7XMK8g8nDTZpdnIMZxx3cmHlIaxeDhZ2xs8vBwBBhn0O8DXENt6bmoM9pgvPgoN1LfDM5LeY9XJnJ5ZTia_DSm7G40_15An5dfv65-tJc_7j6uvp03VhKydxY0nvhKMbSKl-XoJS53raeY8tk3zJnveeK-s7VTbzqbCe5RbRltPcdak_Ax0fdzdJNtbL2kc2oNzlMJu90MkH_-xLDoNfpXnPGW9XiKvB2L5DT3eLKrKdQrBtHE11aisYSSU4xa8X_UaGYFJhKXtE3z9CbtORYJ6GxIoxhRhCp1LtHyuZUSnb-6d8Y6QfH9XbQD47XQCt9_nerT-wfi9vfY8WpxQ</recordid><startdate>201606</startdate><enddate>201606</enddate><creator>Healy-Profitós, Jessica</creator><creator>Lee, Seungjun</creator><creator>Mouhaman, Arabi</creator><creator>Garabed, Rebecca</creator><creator>Moritz, Mark</creator><creator>Piperata, Barbara</creator><creator>Lee, Jiyoung</creator><general>IWA Publishing</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201606</creationdate><title>Neighborhood diversity of potentially pathogenic bacteria in drinking water from the city of Maroua, Cameroon</title><author>Healy-Profitós, Jessica ; Lee, Seungjun ; Mouhaman, Arabi ; Garabed, Rebecca ; Moritz, Mark ; Piperata, Barbara ; Lee, Jiyoung</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c442t-c2df7e4118c9ffff7445edc3f61c58d35ecff694fbebeb2f9bcb86c04354dfb03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Antibiotic resistance</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Arcobacter</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Cameroon</topic><topic>Campylobacter</topic><topic>Cholera</topic><topic>Cities</topic><topic>Containers</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Drinking Water - microbiology</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Economic factors</topic><topic>Economics</topic><topic>Ethnography</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Feces - microbiology</topic><topic>Food contamination & poisoning</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Livestock</topic><topic>Markers</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Neighborhoods</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Pollution sources</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Population density</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Quality assessment</topic><topic>Residential density</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Ruminantia</topic><topic>Salmonella</topic><topic>Sanitation</topic><topic>Shiga toxin</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Healy-Profitós, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Seungjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mouhaman, Arabi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garabed, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moritz, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piperata, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jiyoung</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of water and health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Healy-Profitós, Jessica</au><au>Lee, Seungjun</au><au>Mouhaman, Arabi</au><au>Garabed, Rebecca</au><au>Moritz, Mark</au><au>Piperata, Barbara</au><au>Lee, Jiyoung</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Neighborhood diversity of potentially pathogenic bacteria in drinking water from the city of Maroua, Cameroon</atitle><jtitle>Journal of water and health</jtitle><addtitle>J Water Health</addtitle><date>2016-06</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>559</spage><epage>570</epage><pages>559-570</pages><issn>1477-8920</issn><eissn>1996-7829</eissn><abstract>This study examined the spatial variation of potential gastrointestinal pathogens within drinking water sources and home storage containers in four neighborhoods in Maroua, Cameroon. Samples were collected from source (n = 28) and home containers (n = 60) in each study neighborhood. Pathogen contamination was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, targeting Campylobacter spp., Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (virulence genes, stx1 and stx2), and Salmonella spp. Microbial source tracking (MST) targeted three different host-specific markers: HF183 (human), Rum2Bac (ruminant) and GFD (poultry) to identify contamination sources. Staphylococcus aureus and the tetracycline-resistance gene (tetQ) were assessed to measure human hand contact and presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Pathogen/MST levels were compared statistically and spatially, and neighborhood variation was compared with previously collected demographic information. All the test fecal markers and pathogens (except Arcobacter) were detected in home and source samples. Two neighborhoods tested positive for most pathogens/MST while the others only tested positive for one or two. Spatial variation of pathogens/MST existed between sources, storage containers, and neighborhoods. Differing population density and ethno-economic characteristics could potentially explain variation. Future research should explore the influence of demographic and ethno-economic factors on water quality during microbial risk assessments in urban Africa.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>IWA Publishing</pub><pmid>27280618</pmid><doi>10.2166/wh.2016.204</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of water and health, 2016-06, Vol.14 (3), p.559-570 |
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| subjects | Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Arcobacter Bacteria Cameroon Campylobacter Cholera Cities Containers Contamination Demographics Developing countries Drinking water Drinking Water - microbiology E coli Economic factors Economics Ethnography Feces Feces - microbiology Food contamination & poisoning Households LDCs Livestock Markers Microbiota Microorganisms Mortality Neighborhoods Pathogens Pollution sources Polymerase Chain Reaction Population density Public health Quality assessment Residential density Risk assessment Ruminantia Salmonella Sanitation Shiga toxin Staphylococcus aureus Statistical analysis Toxins Virulence Water quality |
| title | Neighborhood diversity of potentially pathogenic bacteria in drinking water from the city of Maroua, Cameroon |
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