Clostridium difficile toxins induce VEGF-A and vascular permeability to promote disease pathogenesis

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is mediated by two major exotoxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), that damage the colonic epithelial barrier and induce inflammatory responses. The function of the colonic vascular barrier during CDI has been relatively understudied. Here we report increase...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Nature microbiology 2019-02, Vol.4 (2), p.269-279
Hauptverfasser:	Huang, Jun, Kelly, Ciarán P., Bakirtzi, Kyriaki, Villafuerte Gálvez, Javier A., Lyras, Dena, Mileto, Steven J., Larcombe, Sarah, Xu, Hua, Yang, Xiaotong, Shields, Kelsey S., Zhu, Weishu, Zhang, Yi, Goldsmith, Jeffrey D., Patel, Ishan J., Hansen, Joshua, Huang, Meijin, Yla-Herttuala, Seppo, Moss, Alan C., Paredes-Sabja, Daniel, Pothoulakis, Charalabos, Shah, Yatrik M., Wang, Jianping, Chen, Xinhua
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	631/326/41/1319 631/326/41/2531 64/60 692/4020/1503 692/420/254 692/699/255/1911 Animals Bacterial Toxins - genetics Bacterial Toxins - metabolism Biomedical and Life Sciences Capillary Permeability Clostridium difficile Clostridium difficile - chemistry Clostridium difficile - pathogenicity Clostridium Infections - metabolism Clostridium Infections - pathology Colon - metabolism Colon - pathology Endothelial cells Enterotoxins - genetics Enterotoxins - metabolism Epithelium - metabolism Epithelium - pathology Exotoxins Humans Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 - metabolism Hypoxia-inducible factors Infectious Diseases Inflammation Intestine Life Sciences Medical Microbiology Mice Microbiology Microvasculature Mucosa Neovascularization, Pathologic Parasitology Pathogenesis Pathogens Permeability Signal Transduction Survival Analysis Toxin A Toxin B Vascular endothelial growth factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - antagonists & inhibitors Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - blood Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism Virology Virulence factors Virulence Factors - genetics Virulence Factors - metabolism
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