Microfluidic Collective Cell Migration Assay for Study of Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration under Combinations of Oxygen Gradients, Tensions, and Drug Treatments

Proliferation and migration of endothelial cells play an important role in many biological activities, and they can be regulated by various microenvironmental factors. In this paper, a novel microfluidic collective cell migration assay is developed to study endothelial cell migration and proliferati...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Scientific reports 2019-06, Vol.9 (1), p.8234-8234, Article 8234
Hauptverfasser: Shih, Hsiu-Chen, Lee, Tse-Ang, Wu, Hsiao-Mei, Ko, Ping-Liang, Liao, Wei-Hao, Tung, Yi-Chung
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 8234
container_issue 1
container_start_page 8234
container_title Scientific reports
container_volume 9
creator Shih, Hsiu-Chen
Lee, Tse-Ang
Wu, Hsiao-Mei
Ko, Ping-Liang
Liao, Wei-Hao
Tung, Yi-Chung
description Proliferation and migration of endothelial cells play an important role in many biological activities, and they can be regulated by various microenvironmental factors. In this paper, a novel microfluidic collective cell migration assay is developed to study endothelial cell migration and proliferation under combinations of three oxygen conditions: normoxia, oxygen gradient, and hypoxia and three medium compositions: normal growth medium, the medium with cytochalasin-D for actin polymerization inhibition, and with YC-1 for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibition. The microfluidic device designed in the paper allows cell patterns formed with consistent dimensions using laminar flow patterning. In addition, stable oxygen gradients can be generated within the device by a spatially confined chemical reaction method. The device can be operated in conventional cell incubators with minimal chemical reagents and instrumentation for practical applications. The results show directional collective cell migration of the endothelial cells under the oxygen gradients for all the medium compositions. The directional behavior has never been discussed before, and indicates critical roles of oxygen gradients in guiding endothelial cell migration during various biological activities. The developed assay provides a practical yet powerful tool for further i n vitro study of endothelial cell behaviors under various physiological microenvironments.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41598-019-44594-5
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6546762</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2235061681</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c577t-1f4af427b4f53f7ef1c55ba9515d7edb4142c3b7e03a8ac05f9f1f0a8e591ac13</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9Ustu1DAUjRCIVqU_wAJZYsOiAT_z2CBVQylIrYrEsLYc5zp15bGLnVTMP_GROJOhDCzwxpbP4_r6nqJ4SfBbglnzLnEi2qbEpC05Fy0vxZPimGIuSsoofXpwPipOU7rDeQnactI-L44YIRWuBDkufl5bHYNxk-2tRqvgHOjRPgBagXPo2g5RjTZ4dJ6S2iITIvo6Tv0WBYMufB_GW3BWuYX9JQZnDewVyvcH-sn3ELP_prN-d5Nmi5sf2wE8uoyqt-DHdIbW4NOMnu30H-I0oHUENW5m-EXxzCiX4HS_nxTfPl6sV5_Kq5vLz6vzq1KLuh5LYrgynNYdN4KZGgzRQnSqFUT0NfQdJ5xq1tWAmWqUxsK0hhisGhAtUZqwk-L94ns_dRvoda4dlZP30W5U3MqgrPwb8fZWDuFBVoJXdUWzwZu9QQzfJ0ij3Nik8x8pD2FKklImcEWqZq71-h_qXZiiz-3NLNZQLMTMogsrDyulCObxMQTLOQ9yyYPMeZC7PEiRRa8O23iU_J5-JrCFkDLkB4h_av_H9hd37sTc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2233820551</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Microfluidic Collective Cell Migration Assay for Study of Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration under Combinations of Oxygen Gradients, Tensions, and Drug Treatments</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</source><source>Nature Free</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Shih, Hsiu-Chen ; Lee, Tse-Ang ; Wu, Hsiao-Mei ; Ko, Ping-Liang ; Liao, Wei-Hao ; Tung, Yi-Chung</creator><creatorcontrib>Shih, Hsiu-Chen ; Lee, Tse-Ang ; Wu, Hsiao-Mei ; Ko, Ping-Liang ; Liao, Wei-Hao ; Tung, Yi-Chung</creatorcontrib><description>Proliferation and migration of endothelial cells play an important role in many biological activities, and they can be regulated by various microenvironmental factors. In this paper, a novel microfluidic collective cell migration assay is developed to study endothelial cell migration and proliferation under combinations of three oxygen conditions: normoxia, oxygen gradient, and hypoxia and three medium compositions: normal growth medium, the medium with cytochalasin-D for actin polymerization inhibition, and with YC-1 for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibition. The microfluidic device designed in the paper allows cell patterns formed with consistent dimensions using laminar flow patterning. In addition, stable oxygen gradients can be generated within the device by a spatially confined chemical reaction method. The device can be operated in conventional cell incubators with minimal chemical reagents and instrumentation for practical applications. The results show directional collective cell migration of the endothelial cells under the oxygen gradients for all the medium compositions. The directional behavior has never been discussed before, and indicates critical roles of oxygen gradients in guiding endothelial cell migration during various biological activities. The developed assay provides a practical yet powerful tool for further i n vitro study of endothelial cell behaviors under various physiological microenvironments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44594-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31160651</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>13/62 ; 14/63 ; 631/61/32 ; 631/80/84 ; Actin ; Cell adhesion &amp; migration ; Cell migration ; Cell Migration Assays ; Cell Movement - drug effects ; Cell proliferation ; Cell Proliferation - drug effects ; Endothelial cells ; Fluorescence ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - cytology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - drug effects ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 ; Hypoxia-inducible factors ; Microenvironments ; Microfluidics ; multidisciplinary ; Oxygen ; Oxygen - pharmacology ; Pattern formation ; Pharmaceutical Preparations - metabolism ; Polymerization ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2019-06, Vol.9 (1), p.8234-8234, Article 8234</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c577t-1f4af427b4f53f7ef1c55ba9515d7edb4142c3b7e03a8ac05f9f1f0a8e591ac13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c577t-1f4af427b4f53f7ef1c55ba9515d7edb4142c3b7e03a8ac05f9f1f0a8e591ac13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6170-2992 ; 0000-0002-7027-3069</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6546762/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6546762/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,27905,27906,41101,42170,51557,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31160651$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shih, Hsiu-Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Tse-Ang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Hsiao-Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ko, Ping-Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liao, Wei-Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tung, Yi-Chung</creatorcontrib><title>Microfluidic Collective Cell Migration Assay for Study of Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration under Combinations of Oxygen Gradients, Tensions, and Drug Treatments</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Proliferation and migration of endothelial cells play an important role in many biological activities, and they can be regulated by various microenvironmental factors. In this paper, a novel microfluidic collective cell migration assay is developed to study endothelial cell migration and proliferation under combinations of three oxygen conditions: normoxia, oxygen gradient, and hypoxia and three medium compositions: normal growth medium, the medium with cytochalasin-D for actin polymerization inhibition, and with YC-1 for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibition. The microfluidic device designed in the paper allows cell patterns formed with consistent dimensions using laminar flow patterning. In addition, stable oxygen gradients can be generated within the device by a spatially confined chemical reaction method. The device can be operated in conventional cell incubators with minimal chemical reagents and instrumentation for practical applications. The results show directional collective cell migration of the endothelial cells under the oxygen gradients for all the medium compositions. The directional behavior has never been discussed before, and indicates critical roles of oxygen gradients in guiding endothelial cell migration during various biological activities. The developed assay provides a practical yet powerful tool for further i n vitro study of endothelial cell behaviors under various physiological microenvironments.</description><subject>13/62</subject><subject>14/63</subject><subject>631/61/32</subject><subject>631/80/84</subject><subject>Actin</subject><subject>Cell adhesion &amp; migration</subject><subject>Cell migration</subject><subject>Cell Migration Assays</subject><subject>Cell Movement - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell proliferation</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</subject><subject>Endothelial cells</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypoxia</subject><subject>Hypoxia-inducible factor 1</subject><subject>Hypoxia-inducible factors</subject><subject>Microenvironments</subject><subject>Microfluidics</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Oxygen - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pattern formation</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Preparations - metabolism</subject><subject>Polymerization</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9Ustu1DAUjRCIVqU_wAJZYsOiAT_z2CBVQylIrYrEsLYc5zp15bGLnVTMP_GROJOhDCzwxpbP4_r6nqJ4SfBbglnzLnEi2qbEpC05Fy0vxZPimGIuSsoofXpwPipOU7rDeQnactI-L44YIRWuBDkufl5bHYNxk-2tRqvgHOjRPgBagXPo2g5RjTZ4dJ6S2iITIvo6Tv0WBYMufB_GW3BWuYX9JQZnDewVyvcH-sn3ELP_prN-d5Nmi5sf2wE8uoyqt-DHdIbW4NOMnu30H-I0oHUENW5m-EXxzCiX4HS_nxTfPl6sV5_Kq5vLz6vzq1KLuh5LYrgynNYdN4KZGgzRQnSqFUT0NfQdJ5xq1tWAmWqUxsK0hhisGhAtUZqwk-L94ns_dRvoda4dlZP30W5U3MqgrPwb8fZWDuFBVoJXdUWzwZu9QQzfJ0ij3Nik8x8pD2FKklImcEWqZq71-h_qXZiiz-3NLNZQLMTMogsrDyulCObxMQTLOQ9yyYPMeZC7PEiRRa8O23iU_J5-JrCFkDLkB4h_av_H9hd37sTc</recordid><startdate>20190603</startdate><enddate>20190603</enddate><creator>Shih, Hsiu-Chen</creator><creator>Lee, Tse-Ang</creator><creator>Wu, Hsiao-Mei</creator><creator>Ko, Ping-Liang</creator><creator>Liao, Wei-Hao</creator><creator>Tung, Yi-Chung</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-2992</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-3069</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190603</creationdate><title>Microfluidic Collective Cell Migration Assay for Study of Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration under Combinations of Oxygen Gradients, Tensions, and Drug Treatments</title><author>Shih, Hsiu-Chen ; Lee, Tse-Ang ; Wu, Hsiao-Mei ; Ko, Ping-Liang ; Liao, Wei-Hao ; Tung, Yi-Chung</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c577t-1f4af427b4f53f7ef1c55ba9515d7edb4142c3b7e03a8ac05f9f1f0a8e591ac13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>13/62</topic><topic>14/63</topic><topic>631/61/32</topic><topic>631/80/84</topic><topic>Actin</topic><topic>Cell adhesion &amp; migration</topic><topic>Cell migration</topic><topic>Cell Migration Assays</topic><topic>Cell Movement - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell proliferation</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</topic><topic>Endothelial cells</topic><topic>Fluorescence</topic><topic>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypoxia</topic><topic>Hypoxia-inducible factor 1</topic><topic>Hypoxia-inducible factors</topic><topic>Microenvironments</topic><topic>Microfluidics</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Oxygen - pharmacology</topic><topic>Pattern formation</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Preparations - metabolism</topic><topic>Polymerization</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shih, Hsiu-Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Tse-Ang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Hsiao-Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ko, Ping-Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liao, Wei-Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tung, Yi-Chung</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shih, Hsiu-Chen</au><au>Lee, Tse-Ang</au><au>Wu, Hsiao-Mei</au><au>Ko, Ping-Liang</au><au>Liao, Wei-Hao</au><au>Tung, Yi-Chung</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microfluidic Collective Cell Migration Assay for Study of Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration under Combinations of Oxygen Gradients, Tensions, and Drug Treatments</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2019-06-03</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>8234</spage><epage>8234</epage><pages>8234-8234</pages><artnum>8234</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Proliferation and migration of endothelial cells play an important role in many biological activities, and they can be regulated by various microenvironmental factors. In this paper, a novel microfluidic collective cell migration assay is developed to study endothelial cell migration and proliferation under combinations of three oxygen conditions: normoxia, oxygen gradient, and hypoxia and three medium compositions: normal growth medium, the medium with cytochalasin-D for actin polymerization inhibition, and with YC-1 for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibition. The microfluidic device designed in the paper allows cell patterns formed with consistent dimensions using laminar flow patterning. In addition, stable oxygen gradients can be generated within the device by a spatially confined chemical reaction method. The device can be operated in conventional cell incubators with minimal chemical reagents and instrumentation for practical applications. The results show directional collective cell migration of the endothelial cells under the oxygen gradients for all the medium compositions. The directional behavior has never been discussed before, and indicates critical roles of oxygen gradients in guiding endothelial cell migration during various biological activities. The developed assay provides a practical yet powerful tool for further i n vitro study of endothelial cell behaviors under various physiological microenvironments.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>31160651</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-019-44594-5</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-2992</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-3069</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2045-2322
ispartof Scientific reports, 2019-06, Vol.9 (1), p.8234-8234, Article 8234
issn 2045-2322
2045-2322
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6546762
source MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Springer Nature OA Free Journals; Nature Free; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects 13/62
14/63
631/61/32
631/80/84
Actin
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell migration
Cell Migration Assays
Cell Movement - drug effects
Cell proliferation
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
Endothelial cells
Fluorescence
Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - cytology
Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - drug effects
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Hypoxia
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
Hypoxia-inducible factors
Microenvironments
Microfluidics
multidisciplinary
Oxygen
Oxygen - pharmacology
Pattern formation
Pharmaceutical Preparations - metabolism
Polymerization
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
title Microfluidic Collective Cell Migration Assay for Study of Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration under Combinations of Oxygen Gradients, Tensions, and Drug Treatments
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-18T16%3A31%3A15IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Microfluidic%20Collective%20Cell%20Migration%20Assay%20for%20Study%20of%20Endothelial%20Cell%20Proliferation%20and%20Migration%20under%20Combinations%20of%20Oxygen%20Gradients,%20Tensions,%20and%20Drug%20Treatments&rft.jtitle=Scientific%20reports&rft.au=Shih,%20Hsiu-Chen&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8234&rft.epage=8234&rft.pages=8234-8234&rft.artnum=8234&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/s41598-019-44594-5&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2235061681%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2233820551&rft_id=info:pmid/31160651&rfr_iscdi=true