Dietary tryptophan deficiency and its supplementation compromises inflammatory mechanisms and disease resistance in a teleost fish
Tryptophan participates on several physiological mechanisms of the neuroendocrine-immune network and plays a critical role in macrophages and lymphocytes function. This study intended to evaluate the modulatory effects of dietary tryptophan on the European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) immune sta...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2019-05, Vol.9 (1), p.7689, Article 7689 |
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| description | Tryptophan participates on several physiological mechanisms of the neuroendocrine-immune network and plays a critical role in macrophages and lymphocytes function. This study intended to evaluate the modulatory effects of dietary tryptophan on the European seabass (
Dicentrarchus labrax
) immune status, inflammatory response and disease resistance to
Photobacterium damselae piscicida
. A tryptophan deficient diet (NTRP); a control diet (CTRL); and two other diets supplemented with tryptophan at 0.13% (TRP13) and 0.17% (TRP17) of feed weight were formulated. Fish were sampled at 2 and 4 weeks of feeding and the remaining were i.p. injected with
Phdp
(3 × 10
6
cfu/fish) at 4 weeks and the inflammatory response (at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-infection) as well as survival were evaluated. Results suggest that fish immune status was not altered in a tryptophan deficient scenario whereas in response to an inflammatory insult, plasma cortisol levels increased and the immune cell response was compromised, which translated in a lower disease resistance. When dietary tryptophan was offered 30% above its requirement level, plasma cortisol increased and, in response to bacterial infection, a decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and several immune-related genes was observed, also compromising at some degree fish disease resistance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-019-44205-3 |
| format | Article |
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Dicentrarchus labrax
) immune status, inflammatory response and disease resistance to
Photobacterium damselae piscicida
. A tryptophan deficient diet (NTRP); a control diet (CTRL); and two other diets supplemented with tryptophan at 0.13% (TRP13) and 0.17% (TRP17) of feed weight were formulated. Fish were sampled at 2 and 4 weeks of feeding and the remaining were i.p. injected with
Phdp
(3 × 10
6
cfu/fish) at 4 weeks and the inflammatory response (at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-infection) as well as survival were evaluated. Results suggest that fish immune status was not altered in a tryptophan deficient scenario whereas in response to an inflammatory insult, plasma cortisol levels increased and the immune cell response was compromised, which translated in a lower disease resistance. When dietary tryptophan was offered 30% above its requirement level, plasma cortisol increased and, in response to bacterial infection, a decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and several immune-related genes was observed, also compromising at some degree fish disease resistance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44205-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31118462</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>38 ; 38/77 ; 631/250 ; 64 ; Animal Feed ; Animals ; Bacterial diseases ; Bass - growth & development ; Bass - immunology ; Bass - microbiology ; Blood Bactericidal Activity ; Blood Cell Count ; Body Weight - drug effects ; Complement Pathway, Alternative - drug effects ; Cortisol ; Dicentrarchus labrax ; Diet ; Dietary supplements ; Disease Resistance ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Fish diseases ; Fish Diseases - etiology ; Fish Diseases - microbiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - etiology ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology ; Hemoglobins - analysis ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Hydrocortisone - blood ; Immune status ; Immunity, Humoral ; Inflammation - blood ; Inflammation - genetics ; Inflammation - immunology ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Monocytes ; multidisciplinary ; Muramidase - blood ; Neuroendocrine system ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; Nutrient deficiency ; Nutritional Requirements ; Peroxidases - blood ; Photobacterium ; Plasma ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Tryptophan ; Tryptophan - administration & dosage ; Tryptophan - deficiency ; Tryptophan - physiology ; Tryptophan - therapeutic use</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2019-05, Vol.9 (1), p.7689, Article 7689</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c538t-26b5777b67a341504dbd3488225c441f7b24b846b4dcf2fa65b3a534adbdb8233</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c538t-26b5777b67a341504dbd3488225c441f7b24b846b4dcf2fa65b3a534adbdb8233</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8496-3960 ; 0000-0003-2486-595X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6531542/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6531542/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27901,27902,41096,42165,51551,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31118462$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Machado, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azeredo, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Domingues, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernandez-Boo, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dias, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conceição, L. E. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costas, B.</creatorcontrib><title>Dietary tryptophan deficiency and its supplementation compromises inflammatory mechanisms and disease resistance in a teleost fish</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Tryptophan participates on several physiological mechanisms of the neuroendocrine-immune network and plays a critical role in macrophages and lymphocytes function. This study intended to evaluate the modulatory effects of dietary tryptophan on the European seabass (
Dicentrarchus labrax
) immune status, inflammatory response and disease resistance to
Photobacterium damselae piscicida
. A tryptophan deficient diet (NTRP); a control diet (CTRL); and two other diets supplemented with tryptophan at 0.13% (TRP13) and 0.17% (TRP17) of feed weight were formulated. Fish were sampled at 2 and 4 weeks of feeding and the remaining were i.p. injected with
Phdp
(3 × 10
6
cfu/fish) at 4 weeks and the inflammatory response (at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-infection) as well as survival were evaluated. Results suggest that fish immune status was not altered in a tryptophan deficient scenario whereas in response to an inflammatory insult, plasma cortisol levels increased and the immune cell response was compromised, which translated in a lower disease resistance. When dietary tryptophan was offered 30% above its requirement level, plasma cortisol increased and, in response to bacterial infection, a decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and several immune-related genes was observed, also compromising at some degree fish disease resistance.</description><subject>38</subject><subject>38/77</subject><subject>631/250</subject><subject>64</subject><subject>Animal Feed</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Bass - growth & development</subject><subject>Bass - immunology</subject><subject>Bass - microbiology</subject><subject>Blood Bactericidal Activity</subject><subject>Blood Cell Count</subject><subject>Body Weight - drug effects</subject><subject>Complement Pathway, Alternative - drug effects</subject><subject>Cortisol</subject><subject>Dicentrarchus labrax</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Dietary supplements</subject><subject>Disease Resistance</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Erythrocyte Indices</subject><subject>Fish diseases</subject><subject>Fish Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Fish Diseases - microbiology</subject><subject>Gene Expression Profiling</subject><subject>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - etiology</subject><subject>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Hemoglobins - analysis</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - blood</subject><subject>Immune status</subject><subject>Immunity, Humoral</subject><subject>Inflammation - blood</subject><subject>Inflammation - genetics</subject><subject>Inflammation - immunology</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Monocytes</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Muramidase - blood</subject><subject>Neuroendocrine system</subject><subject>Neuroimmunomodulation</subject><subject>Nutrient deficiency</subject><subject>Nutritional Requirements</subject><subject>Peroxidases - blood</subject><subject>Photobacterium</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Tryptophan</subject><subject>Tryptophan - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Tryptophan - deficiency</subject><subject>Tryptophan - physiology</subject><subject>Tryptophan - therapeutic use</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kTtvHSEQhVGUKLYc_4EUEVLqTZYB9tFYiuw8LFly49QIWNYXa4ENw7V0W__yYF_HjyY0IM03Z-ZwCPnI2i-s5cNXFEyOQ9OysRECWtnwN-QQWiEb4ABvX7wPyDHiTVuPhFGw8T054IyxQXRwSO7OvCs672jJu7WkdaMjndzsrXfR7qiOE_UFKW7XdXHBxaKLT5HaFNacgkeH1Md50SHokqpMcLZKeAz40DtVQqOj2aHHoqN1FaeaFre4hIXOHjcfyLtZL-iOH-8j8vvH96vTX83F5c_z028XjZV8KA10RvZ9b7pe8-q9FZOZuBgGAGmFYHNvQJhqyojJzjDrThquJRe6cmYAzo_IyV533ZrgJlvNZL2oNftQP0Al7dXrSvQbdZ1uVSc5kwKqwOdHgZz-bB0WdZO2OdadFQCM0IlOjJWCPWVzQsxufprAWnUfndpHp2p06iE6db_bp5e7PbX8C6oCfA9gLcVrl59n_0f2Lw-bqHQ</recordid><startdate>20190522</startdate><enddate>20190522</enddate><creator>Machado, M.</creator><creator>Azeredo, R.</creator><creator>Domingues, A.</creator><creator>Fernandez-Boo, S.</creator><creator>Dias, J.</creator><creator>Conceição, L. 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C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costas, B.</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Machado, M.</au><au>Azeredo, R.</au><au>Domingues, A.</au><au>Fernandez-Boo, S.</au><au>Dias, J.</au><au>Conceição, L. E. C.</au><au>Costas, B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dietary tryptophan deficiency and its supplementation compromises inflammatory mechanisms and disease resistance in a teleost fish</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2019-05-22</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>7689</spage><pages>7689-</pages><artnum>7689</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Tryptophan participates on several physiological mechanisms of the neuroendocrine-immune network and plays a critical role in macrophages and lymphocytes function. This study intended to evaluate the modulatory effects of dietary tryptophan on the European seabass (
Dicentrarchus labrax
) immune status, inflammatory response and disease resistance to
Photobacterium damselae piscicida
. A tryptophan deficient diet (NTRP); a control diet (CTRL); and two other diets supplemented with tryptophan at 0.13% (TRP13) and 0.17% (TRP17) of feed weight were formulated. Fish were sampled at 2 and 4 weeks of feeding and the remaining were i.p. injected with
Phdp
(3 × 10
6
cfu/fish) at 4 weeks and the inflammatory response (at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-infection) as well as survival were evaluated. Results suggest that fish immune status was not altered in a tryptophan deficient scenario whereas in response to an inflammatory insult, plasma cortisol levels increased and the immune cell response was compromised, which translated in a lower disease resistance. When dietary tryptophan was offered 30% above its requirement level, plasma cortisol increased and, in response to bacterial infection, a decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and several immune-related genes was observed, also compromising at some degree fish disease resistance.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>31118462</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-019-44205-3</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8496-3960</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2486-595X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Nature Free; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Springer Nature OA Free Journals |
| subjects | 38 38/77 631/250 64 Animal Feed Animals Bacterial diseases Bass - growth & development Bass - immunology Bass - microbiology Blood Bactericidal Activity Blood Cell Count Body Weight - drug effects Complement Pathway, Alternative - drug effects Cortisol Dicentrarchus labrax Diet Dietary supplements Disease Resistance Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Erythrocyte Indices Fish diseases Fish Diseases - etiology Fish Diseases - microbiology Gene Expression Profiling Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - etiology Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology Hemoglobins - analysis Humanities and Social Sciences Hydrocortisone - blood Immune status Immunity, Humoral Inflammation - blood Inflammation - genetics Inflammation - immunology Lymphocytes Macrophages Monocytes multidisciplinary Muramidase - blood Neuroendocrine system Neuroimmunomodulation Nutrient deficiency Nutritional Requirements Peroxidases - blood Photobacterium Plasma Science Science (multidisciplinary) Tryptophan Tryptophan - administration & dosage Tryptophan - deficiency Tryptophan - physiology Tryptophan - therapeutic use |
| title | Dietary tryptophan deficiency and its supplementation compromises inflammatory mechanisms and disease resistance in a teleost fish |
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