The Effects of Dietary Supplements on Asthma and Lung Cancer Risk in Smokers and Non-Smokers: A Review of the Literature
Smoking is one of the major global causes of death. Cigarette smoke and secondhand (passive) smoke have been causally related to asthma and lung cancer. Asthma is a potential risk factor for developing lung cancer in both smokers and non-smokers. Prospective studies and randomized control trials (RC...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2019-03, Vol.11 (4), p.725 |
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| description | Smoking is one of the major global causes of death. Cigarette smoke and secondhand (passive) smoke have been causally related to asthma and lung cancer. Asthma is a potential risk factor for developing lung cancer in both smokers and non-smokers. Prospective studies and randomized control trials (RCTs) of dietary supplements and lung cancer risk in adult smokers and non-smokers have yielded inconsistent results. A few prospective studies have shown that long-term use of high doses of some supplements, such as retinol, β-carotene, B vitamins, and vitamin E, increase lung cancer risk in current and former smokers. Limited evidence from RCTs suggests that vitamin D supplementation is effective in improving lung function and reducing asthma risk in current/former smokers. The relationship between dietary supplements and lung cancer risk has never before been examined in asthmatic smokers and non-smokers. This short review aims to examine the evidence from existing studies for the effects of dietary supplements on asthma/lung cancer risk and mortality in smokers and non-smokers. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu11040725 |
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Cigarette smoke and secondhand (passive) smoke have been causally related to asthma and lung cancer. Asthma is a potential risk factor for developing lung cancer in both smokers and non-smokers. Prospective studies and randomized control trials (RCTs) of dietary supplements and lung cancer risk in adult smokers and non-smokers have yielded inconsistent results. A few prospective studies have shown that long-term use of high doses of some supplements, such as retinol, β-carotene, B vitamins, and vitamin E, increase lung cancer risk in current and former smokers. Limited evidence from RCTs suggests that vitamin D supplementation is effective in improving lung function and reducing asthma risk in current/former smokers. The relationship between dietary supplements and lung cancer risk has never before been examined in asthmatic smokers and non-smokers. This short review aims to examine the evidence from existing studies for the effects of dietary supplements on asthma/lung cancer risk and mortality in smokers and non-smokers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu11040725</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30925812</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>adults ; Ascorbic acid ; Asthma ; beta-carotene ; Calciferol ; Calcium ; Chronic illnesses ; cigarettes ; death ; Dietary Supplements ; Folic acid ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Humans ; Literature reviews ; Lung cancer ; lung function ; lung neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms - prevention & control ; Mortality ; Non-Smokers ; Post-menopause ; prospective studies ; Review ; Risk ; Risk Factors ; smoke ; Smokers ; Smoking ; Statistical analysis ; Vitamin A ; vitamin B complex ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin E ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2019-03, Vol.11 (4), p.725</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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Cigarette smoke and secondhand (passive) smoke have been causally related to asthma and lung cancer. Asthma is a potential risk factor for developing lung cancer in both smokers and non-smokers. Prospective studies and randomized control trials (RCTs) of dietary supplements and lung cancer risk in adult smokers and non-smokers have yielded inconsistent results. A few prospective studies have shown that long-term use of high doses of some supplements, such as retinol, β-carotene, B vitamins, and vitamin E, increase lung cancer risk in current and former smokers. Limited evidence from RCTs suggests that vitamin D supplementation is effective in improving lung function and reducing asthma risk in current/former smokers. The relationship between dietary supplements and lung cancer risk has never before been examined in asthmatic smokers and non-smokers. This short review aims to examine the evidence from existing studies for the effects of dietary supplements on asthma/lung cancer risk and mortality in smokers and non-smokers.</description><subject>adults</subject><subject>Ascorbic acid</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>beta-carotene</subject><subject>Calciferol</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>cigarettes</subject><subject>death</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>Folic acid</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Literature reviews</subject><subject>Lung cancer</subject><subject>lung function</subject><subject>lung neoplasms</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - prevention & control</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Non-Smokers</subject><subject>Post-menopause</subject><subject>prospective studies</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>smoke</subject><subject>Smokers</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Vitamin A</subject><subject>vitamin B complex</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin E</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUtv1DAUhS1ERavSDT8AWWKDkFL8TswCaTSUhzQCqS1ry-Ncd9wmztROCvx7nHZoCyu8ubbvp3N9fBB6Qckx55q8jROlRJCaySfogJVaKSX400f7fXSU8yWZV01qxZ-hfU40kw1lB-jn-QbwiffgxowHjz8EGG36hc-m7baDHuJ8HfEij5veYhtbvJriBV7a6CDh05CvcIj4rB-uIOXb_tchVrvzO7zAp3AT4McsPZZJqzBCsuOU4Dna87bLcLSrh-j7x5Pz5edq9e3Tl-ViVTlJ5Fg5J0HyRmjmhGo4W7OaKKvWSmpPVONraJUT0LSeWVI4r2thW9JoRQUIteaH6P2d7nZa99C64ijZzmxT6ItPM9hg_u7EsDEXw41RklFOZRF4vRNIw_UEeTR9yA66zkYYpmwYa5SmVAr1H2iJoKk1YQV99Q96OUwplp8wbJ4qmFS6UG_uKJeGnBP4-3dTYub4zUP8BX752Ok9-ids_hsPQ6kT</recordid><startdate>20190328</startdate><enddate>20190328</enddate><creator>Alsharairi, Naser A</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0619-4136</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190328</creationdate><title>The Effects of Dietary Supplements on Asthma and Lung Cancer Risk in Smokers and Non-Smokers: A Review of the Literature</title><author>Alsharairi, Naser A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-cc5e538492c46832b2706a6b659f068f7ed6c4e8df2a0384f974ad089614e46b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>adults</topic><topic>Ascorbic acid</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>beta-carotene</topic><topic>Calciferol</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>cigarettes</topic><topic>death</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>Folic acid</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Literature reviews</topic><topic>Lung cancer</topic><topic>lung function</topic><topic>lung neoplasms</topic><topic>Lung Neoplasms - 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| subjects | adults Ascorbic acid Asthma beta-carotene Calciferol Calcium Chronic illnesses cigarettes death Dietary Supplements Folic acid Health risk assessment Health risks Humans Literature reviews Lung cancer lung function lung neoplasms Lung Neoplasms - prevention & control Mortality Non-Smokers Post-menopause prospective studies Review Risk Risk Factors smoke Smokers Smoking Statistical analysis Vitamin A vitamin B complex Vitamin D Vitamin E Womens health |
| title | The Effects of Dietary Supplements on Asthma and Lung Cancer Risk in Smokers and Non-Smokers: A Review of the Literature |
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