The Role of Autophagy in Liver Epithelial Cells and Its Impact on Systemic Homeostasis
Autophagy plays a role in several physiological and pathological processes as it controls the turnover rate of cellular components and influences cellular homeostasis. The liver plays a central role in controlling organisms' metabolism, regulating glucose storage, plasma proteins and bile synth...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2019-04, Vol.11 (4), p.827 |
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| creator | Tomaipitinca, Luana Mandatori, Sara Mancinelli, Romina Giulitti, Federico Petrungaro, Simonetta Moresi, Viviana Facchiano, Antonio Ziparo, Elio Gaudio, Eugenio Giampietri, Claudia |
| description | Autophagy plays a role in several physiological and pathological processes as it controls the turnover rate of cellular components and influences cellular homeostasis. The liver plays a central role in controlling organisms' metabolism, regulating glucose storage, plasma proteins and bile synthesis and the removal of toxic substances. Liver functions are particularly sensitive to autophagy modulation. In this review we summarize studies investigating how autophagy influences the hepatic metabolism, focusing on fat accumulation and lipids turnover. We also describe how autophagy affects bile production and the scavenger function within the complex homeostasis of the liver. We underline the role of hepatic autophagy in counteracting the metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk. Finally, we highlight recent reports demonstrating how the autophagy occurring within the liver may affect skeletal muscle homeostasis as well as different extrahepatic solid tumors, such as melanoma. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu11040827 |
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The liver plays a central role in controlling organisms' metabolism, regulating glucose storage, plasma proteins and bile synthesis and the removal of toxic substances. Liver functions are particularly sensitive to autophagy modulation. In this review we summarize studies investigating how autophagy influences the hepatic metabolism, focusing on fat accumulation and lipids turnover. We also describe how autophagy affects bile production and the scavenger function within the complex homeostasis of the liver. We underline the role of hepatic autophagy in counteracting the metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk. Finally, we highlight recent reports demonstrating how the autophagy occurring within the liver may affect skeletal muscle homeostasis as well as different extrahepatic solid tumors, such as melanoma.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu11040827</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30979078</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adipose tissue ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Autophagy ; Autophagy - physiology ; bile ; Bile Ducts - cytology ; blood proteins ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cell cycle ; Cell Death ; Cell growth ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes ; Diet ; Dyslipidemias ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Endothelial Cells - physiology ; Energy Intake ; Enzymes ; Epithelial cells ; Epithelial Cells - physiology ; Etoposide ; Fat metabolism ; Fibrosis ; glucose ; Hepatocytes ; Hepatocytes - physiology ; Homeostasis ; Homeostasis - physiology ; Humans ; Impairment ; Insulin ; Kinases ; Kupffer Cells - physiology ; Lipid metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism - physiology ; Lipids ; Lipolysis ; Liver ; Liver - cytology ; Melanoma ; metabolic syndrome ; Metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism ; Muscles ; Neoplasms ; Obesity ; Organs ; Oxidative Stress ; p53 Protein ; Phagocytosis ; Physiology ; Protein synthesis ; Proteins ; Recruitment ; Review ; Senescence ; Skeletal muscle ; Stem cells ; toxic substances ; Triglycerides</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2019-04, Vol.11 (4), p.827</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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The liver plays a central role in controlling organisms' metabolism, regulating glucose storage, plasma proteins and bile synthesis and the removal of toxic substances. Liver functions are particularly sensitive to autophagy modulation. In this review we summarize studies investigating how autophagy influences the hepatic metabolism, focusing on fat accumulation and lipids turnover. We also describe how autophagy affects bile production and the scavenger function within the complex homeostasis of the liver. We underline the role of hepatic autophagy in counteracting the metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk. Finally, we highlight recent reports demonstrating how the autophagy occurring within the liver may affect skeletal muscle homeostasis as well as different extrahepatic solid tumors, such as melanoma.</description><subject>Adipose tissue</subject><subject>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</subject><subject>Autophagy</subject><subject>Autophagy - physiology</subject><subject>bile</subject><subject>Bile Ducts - cytology</subject><subject>blood proteins</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell Death</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Dyslipidemias</subject><subject>Endoplasmic reticulum</subject><subject>Endothelial Cells - physiology</subject><subject>Energy Intake</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Epithelial cells</subject><subject>Epithelial Cells - physiology</subject><subject>Etoposide</subject><subject>Fat metabolism</subject><subject>Fibrosis</subject><subject>glucose</subject><subject>Hepatocytes</subject><subject>Hepatocytes - 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Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tomaipitinca, Luana</au><au>Mandatori, Sara</au><au>Mancinelli, Romina</au><au>Giulitti, Federico</au><au>Petrungaro, Simonetta</au><au>Moresi, Viviana</au><au>Facchiano, Antonio</au><au>Ziparo, Elio</au><au>Gaudio, Eugenio</au><au>Giampietri, Claudia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Role of Autophagy in Liver Epithelial Cells and Its Impact on Systemic Homeostasis</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><date>2019-04-11</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>827</spage><pages>827-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>Autophagy plays a role in several physiological and pathological processes as it controls the turnover rate of cellular components and influences cellular homeostasis. The liver plays a central role in controlling organisms' metabolism, regulating glucose storage, plasma proteins and bile synthesis and the removal of toxic substances. Liver functions are particularly sensitive to autophagy modulation. In this review we summarize studies investigating how autophagy influences the hepatic metabolism, focusing on fat accumulation and lipids turnover. We also describe how autophagy affects bile production and the scavenger function within the complex homeostasis of the liver. We underline the role of hepatic autophagy in counteracting the metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk. 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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Adipose tissue Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Autophagy Autophagy - physiology bile Bile Ducts - cytology blood proteins Cardiovascular diseases Cell cycle Cell Death Cell growth Cholesterol Diabetes Diet Dyslipidemias Endoplasmic reticulum Endothelial Cells - physiology Energy Intake Enzymes Epithelial cells Epithelial Cells - physiology Etoposide Fat metabolism Fibrosis glucose Hepatocytes Hepatocytes - physiology Homeostasis Homeostasis - physiology Humans Impairment Insulin Kinases Kupffer Cells - physiology Lipid metabolism Lipid Metabolism - physiology Lipids Lipolysis Liver Liver - cytology Melanoma metabolic syndrome Metabolism Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Muscles Neoplasms Obesity Organs Oxidative Stress p53 Protein Phagocytosis Physiology Protein synthesis Proteins Recruitment Review Senescence Skeletal muscle Stem cells toxic substances Triglycerides |
| title | The Role of Autophagy in Liver Epithelial Cells and Its Impact on Systemic Homeostasis |
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