Effects of 220 MHz Pulsed Modulated Radiofrequency Field on the Sperm Quality in Rats
Under some occupational conditions, workers are inevitably exposed to high-intensity radiofrequency (RF) fields. In this study, we investigated the effects of one-month exposure to a 220 MHz pulsed modulated RF field at the power density of 50 W/m² on the sperm quality in male adult rats. The sperm...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2019-04, Vol.16 (7), p.1286 |
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| creator | Guo, Ling Lin, Jia-Jin Xue, Yi-Zhe An, Guang-Zhou Zhang, Jun-Ping Zhang, Ke-Ying He, Wei Wang, Huan Li, Wei Ding, Gui-Rong |
| description | Under some occupational conditions, workers are inevitably exposed to high-intensity radiofrequency (RF) fields. In this study, we investigated the effects of one-month exposure to a 220 MHz pulsed modulated RF field at the power density of 50 W/m² on the sperm quality in male adult rats. The sperm quality was evaluated by measuring the number, abnormality and survival rate of sperm cells. The morphology of testis was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of secreting factors by Sertoli cells (SCs) and Leydig cells (LCs) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of cleaved caspase 3 in the testis was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Finally, the expression levels of the apoptosis-related protein (caspase 3, BAX and BCL2) in the testis were assessed by Western blotting. Compared with the sham group, the sperm quality in the RF group decreased significantly. The levels of secreting factors of SCs and the morphology of the testis showed an obvious change after RF exposure. The level of the secreting factor of LCs decreased significantly after RF exposure. The levels of cleaved caspase 3, caspase 3, and the BAX/BCL2 ratio in the testis increased markedly after RF exposure. These data collectively suggested that under the present experimental conditions, 220 MHz pulsed modulated RF exposure could impair sperm quality in rats, and the disruption of the secreting function of LCs and increased apoptosis of testis cells induced by the RF field might be accounted for by this damaging effect. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph16071286 |
| format | Article |
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In this study, we investigated the effects of one-month exposure to a 220 MHz pulsed modulated RF field at the power density of 50 W/m² on the sperm quality in male adult rats. The sperm quality was evaluated by measuring the number, abnormality and survival rate of sperm cells. The morphology of testis was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of secreting factors by Sertoli cells (SCs) and Leydig cells (LCs) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of cleaved caspase 3 in the testis was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Finally, the expression levels of the apoptosis-related protein (caspase 3, BAX and BCL2) in the testis were assessed by Western blotting. Compared with the sham group, the sperm quality in the RF group decreased significantly. The levels of secreting factors of SCs and the morphology of the testis showed an obvious change after RF exposure. The level of the secreting factor of LCs decreased significantly after RF exposure. The levels of cleaved caspase 3, caspase 3, and the BAX/BCL2 ratio in the testis increased markedly after RF exposure. These data collectively suggested that under the present experimental conditions, 220 MHz pulsed modulated RF exposure could impair sperm quality in rats, and the disruption of the secreting function of LCs and increased apoptosis of testis cells induced by the RF field might be accounted for by this damaging effect.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071286</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30974849</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antennas ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - metabolism ; Body weight ; Centrifugation ; Drinking water ; Electromagnetism ; Exposure ; Filter paper ; Hygiene ; Infertility ; Laboratory animals ; Male ; Morphology ; Quality ; Radio communications ; Radio frequency ; Radio Waves ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receivers & amplifiers ; Relative humidity ; Reproductive system ; Room temperature ; Schedules ; Sperm ; Sperm Count ; Spermatozoa - abnormalities ; Spermatozoa - physiology ; Testes ; Testis - metabolism ; Ventricle</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019-04, Vol.16 (7), p.1286</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-7d83401a48431fe7db3f15abd2259a907fbfa607d191a48e46f2c602028ea52a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-7d83401a48431fe7db3f15abd2259a907fbfa607d191a48e46f2c602028ea52a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5750-6000</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480634/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480634/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30974849$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Guo, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Jia-Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xue, Yi-Zhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>An, Guang-Zhou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jun-Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ke-Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Huan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Gui-Rong</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of 220 MHz Pulsed Modulated Radiofrequency Field on the Sperm Quality in Rats</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Under some occupational conditions, workers are inevitably exposed to high-intensity radiofrequency (RF) fields. In this study, we investigated the effects of one-month exposure to a 220 MHz pulsed modulated RF field at the power density of 50 W/m² on the sperm quality in male adult rats. The sperm quality was evaluated by measuring the number, abnormality and survival rate of sperm cells. The morphology of testis was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of secreting factors by Sertoli cells (SCs) and Leydig cells (LCs) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of cleaved caspase 3 in the testis was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Finally, the expression levels of the apoptosis-related protein (caspase 3, BAX and BCL2) in the testis were assessed by Western blotting. Compared with the sham group, the sperm quality in the RF group decreased significantly. The levels of secreting factors of SCs and the morphology of the testis showed an obvious change after RF exposure. The level of the secreting factor of LCs decreased significantly after RF exposure. The levels of cleaved caspase 3, caspase 3, and the BAX/BCL2 ratio in the testis increased markedly after RF exposure. These data collectively suggested that under the present experimental conditions, 220 MHz pulsed modulated RF exposure could impair sperm quality in rats, and the disruption of the secreting function of LCs and increased apoptosis of testis cells induced by the RF field might be accounted for by this damaging effect.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antennas</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Centrifugation</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Electromagnetism</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Filter paper</subject><subject>Hygiene</subject><subject>Infertility</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Quality</subject><subject>Radio communications</subject><subject>Radio frequency</subject><subject>Radio Waves</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Receivers & amplifiers</subject><subject>Relative humidity</subject><subject>Reproductive system</subject><subject>Room temperature</subject><subject>Schedules</subject><subject>Sperm</subject><subject>Sperm Count</subject><subject>Spermatozoa - abnormalities</subject><subject>Spermatozoa - physiology</subject><subject>Testes</subject><subject>Testis - metabolism</subject><subject>Ventricle</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkctLAzEQxoMoPqpXjxLw4qV18mh2cxFErBUUnz2HdJPYlO2mJrtC_euNWEU9zcD85mO--RA6JDBgTMKpn9u4nBEBBaGl2EC7RAjocwFk81e_g_ZSmgOwkgu5jXYYyIKXXO6iyaVztmoTDg5TCvh2_I7vuzpZg2-D6Wrd5u5RGx9ctK-dbaoVHnlbGxwa3M4sflrauMAPna59u8K-yXCb9tGW01nkYF17aDK6fL4Y92_urq4vzm_6FSdl2y9MyTgQnU9hxNnCTJkjQz01lA6lllC4qdPZmiHyE7JcOFoJoEBLq4dUsx46-9JddtOFNZVt2qhrtYx-oeNKBe3V30njZ-olvCnBSxCMZ4GTtUAM2V1q1cKnyta1bmzoksovkQKAF8OMHv9D56GLTbanKKOSClmKIlODL6qKIaVo3c8xBNRnYupvYnnh6LeFH_w7IvYBqEKRog</recordid><startdate>20190410</startdate><enddate>20190410</enddate><creator>Guo, Ling</creator><creator>Lin, Jia-Jin</creator><creator>Xue, Yi-Zhe</creator><creator>An, Guang-Zhou</creator><creator>Zhang, Jun-Ping</creator><creator>Zhang, Ke-Ying</creator><creator>He, Wei</creator><creator>Wang, Huan</creator><creator>Li, Wei</creator><creator>Ding, Gui-Rong</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-6000</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190410</creationdate><title>Effects of 220 MHz Pulsed Modulated Radiofrequency Field on the Sperm Quality in Rats</title><author>Guo, Ling ; 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In this study, we investigated the effects of one-month exposure to a 220 MHz pulsed modulated RF field at the power density of 50 W/m² on the sperm quality in male adult rats. The sperm quality was evaluated by measuring the number, abnormality and survival rate of sperm cells. The morphology of testis was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of secreting factors by Sertoli cells (SCs) and Leydig cells (LCs) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of cleaved caspase 3 in the testis was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Finally, the expression levels of the apoptosis-related protein (caspase 3, BAX and BCL2) in the testis were assessed by Western blotting. Compared with the sham group, the sperm quality in the RF group decreased significantly. The levels of secreting factors of SCs and the morphology of the testis showed an obvious change after RF exposure. The level of the secreting factor of LCs decreased significantly after RF exposure. The levels of cleaved caspase 3, caspase 3, and the BAX/BCL2 ratio in the testis increased markedly after RF exposure. These data collectively suggested that under the present experimental conditions, 220 MHz pulsed modulated RF exposure could impair sperm quality in rats, and the disruption of the secreting function of LCs and increased apoptosis of testis cells induced by the RF field might be accounted for by this damaging effect.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>30974849</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph16071286</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-6000</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Antennas Apoptosis Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins - metabolism Body weight Centrifugation Drinking water Electromagnetism Exposure Filter paper Hygiene Infertility Laboratory animals Male Morphology Quality Radio communications Radio frequency Radio Waves Rats, Sprague-Dawley Receivers & amplifiers Relative humidity Reproductive system Room temperature Schedules Sperm Sperm Count Spermatozoa - abnormalities Spermatozoa - physiology Testes Testis - metabolism Ventricle |
| title | Effects of 220 MHz Pulsed Modulated Radiofrequency Field on the Sperm Quality in Rats |
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