Empagliflozin Attenuates Myocardial Sodium and Calcium Dysregulation and Reverses Cardiac Remodeling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has significant effects on cardiac calcium (Ca ) and sodium (Na⁺) regulation. Clinical studies have shown that empagliflozin (Jardiance™) has cardiovascular benefits, however the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether empagliflozin m...
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| creator | Lee, Ting-I Chen, Yao-Chang Lin, Yung-Kuo Chung, Cheng-Chih Lu, Yen-Yu Kao, Yu-Hsun Chen, Yi-Jen |
| description | Diabetes mellitus (DM) has significant effects on cardiac calcium (Ca
) and sodium (Na⁺) regulation. Clinical studies have shown that empagliflozin (Jardiance™) has cardiovascular benefits, however the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether empagliflozin modulates cardiac electrical activity as well as Ca
/Na⁺ homeostasis in DM cardiomyopathy. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, whole-cell patch-clamp, confocal microscopic examinations, and Western blot, were performed in the ventricular myocytes of control and streptozotocin-induced DM rats, with or without empagliflozin (10 mg/kg for 4 weeks). The results showed that the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats had smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameters and shorter QT intervals than the DM rats. In addition, the prolonged action potential duration in the DM rats was attenuated in the empagliflozin-treated DM rats. Moreover, the DM rats had smaller sarcoplasmic reticular Ca
contents, intracellular Ca
transients, L-type Ca
, reverse mode Na⁺-Ca
exchanger currents, lower protein expressions of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase, ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), but higher protein expressions of phosphorylated RyR2 at serine 2808 than the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats. The incidence and frequency of Ca
sparks, cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and late Na⁺ current and Na⁺/hydrogen-exchanger currents were greater in the DM rats than in the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats. Empagliflozin significantly changed Ca
regulation, late Na⁺ and Na⁺/hydrogen-exchanger currents and electrophysiological characteristics in DM cardiomyopathy, which may contribute to its cardioprotective benefits in DM patients. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms20071680 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6479313</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2332255142</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-c14d341bca7a584cb553da94c6a2b7c3b42d64d99ca81b41e1f240e3dda1e84f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkV1rFTEQhoMotlbvvJYFb7xwNV_7dSOU01YLFcHqdZhNZo85ZJNjki2c_gZ_dNMPy1EYmCHzzEtmXkJeM_pBiIF-tJs5cUo71vb0CTlkkvOa0rZ7ulcfkBcpbSjlgjfDc3Ig6NB3vG8OyZ_TeQtrZycXrq2vjnNGv0DGVH3dBQ3RWHDVZTB2mSvwplqB07f1yS5FXC8Osg3-rvMdrzCmMri6m9LlYQ4GnfXrqihf5ojbHK5DDtr6-tybRaOpTiyMmG2hIaeX5NkELuGrh3xEfp6d_lh9qS--fT5fHV_UWjKea82kEZKNGjpoeqnHphEGBqlb4GOnxSi5aaUZBg09GyVDNnFJURgDDHs5iSPy6V53u4wzGo0-R3BqG-0McacCWPVvx9tfah2uVCu7QTBRBN49CMTwe8GU1WyTRufAY1iS4pyVW5eQBX37H7oJS_RlPcWF4LxpikuFen9P6RhSuez0-BlG1a3Nat_mgr_ZX-AR_uuruAGXpadi</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2332255142</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Empagliflozin Attenuates Myocardial Sodium and Calcium Dysregulation and Reverses Cardiac Remodeling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats</title><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Lee, Ting-I ; Chen, Yao-Chang ; Lin, Yung-Kuo ; Chung, Cheng-Chih ; Lu, Yen-Yu ; Kao, Yu-Hsun ; Chen, Yi-Jen</creator><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ting-I ; Chen, Yao-Chang ; Lin, Yung-Kuo ; Chung, Cheng-Chih ; Lu, Yen-Yu ; Kao, Yu-Hsun ; Chen, Yi-Jen</creatorcontrib><description>Diabetes mellitus (DM) has significant effects on cardiac calcium (Ca
) and sodium (Na⁺) regulation. Clinical studies have shown that empagliflozin (Jardiance™) has cardiovascular benefits, however the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether empagliflozin modulates cardiac electrical activity as well as Ca
/Na⁺ homeostasis in DM cardiomyopathy. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, whole-cell patch-clamp, confocal microscopic examinations, and Western blot, were performed in the ventricular myocytes of control and streptozotocin-induced DM rats, with or without empagliflozin (10 mg/kg for 4 weeks). The results showed that the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats had smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameters and shorter QT intervals than the DM rats. In addition, the prolonged action potential duration in the DM rats was attenuated in the empagliflozin-treated DM rats. Moreover, the DM rats had smaller sarcoplasmic reticular Ca
contents, intracellular Ca
transients, L-type Ca
, reverse mode Na⁺-Ca
exchanger currents, lower protein expressions of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase, ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), but higher protein expressions of phosphorylated RyR2 at serine 2808 than the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats. The incidence and frequency of Ca
sparks, cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and late Na⁺ current and Na⁺/hydrogen-exchanger currents were greater in the DM rats than in the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats. Empagliflozin significantly changed Ca
regulation, late Na⁺ and Na⁺/hydrogen-exchanger currents and electrophysiological characteristics in DM cardiomyopathy, which may contribute to its cardioprotective benefits in DM patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071680</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30987285</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antidiabetics ; Benzhydryl Compounds - therapeutic use ; Blood ; Body size ; Body weight ; Calcium - metabolism ; Calcium homeostasis ; Calcium ions ; Cardiac muscle ; Cardiomyopathy ; Cell size ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism ; EKG ; Electrocardiography ; Electrophysiology ; Glucosides - therapeutic use ; Heart ; Homeostasis ; Hypertension ; Myocardium - metabolism ; Myocytes ; Myocytes, Cardiac - drug effects ; Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism ; Oxidative stress ; Potassium ; Rats ; Rodents ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel - metabolism ; Signal transduction ; Sodium ; Sodium - metabolism ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger - metabolism ; Streptozocin ; Ventricle</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2019-04, Vol.20 (7), p.1680</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-c14d341bca7a584cb553da94c6a2b7c3b42d64d99ca81b41e1f240e3dda1e84f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-c14d341bca7a584cb553da94c6a2b7c3b42d64d99ca81b41e1f240e3dda1e84f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6479313/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6479313/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30987285$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ting-I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yao-Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Yung-Kuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Cheng-Chih</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Yen-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kao, Yu-Hsun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yi-Jen</creatorcontrib><title>Empagliflozin Attenuates Myocardial Sodium and Calcium Dysregulation and Reverses Cardiac Remodeling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats</title><title>International journal of molecular sciences</title><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><description>Diabetes mellitus (DM) has significant effects on cardiac calcium (Ca
) and sodium (Na⁺) regulation. Clinical studies have shown that empagliflozin (Jardiance™) has cardiovascular benefits, however the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether empagliflozin modulates cardiac electrical activity as well as Ca
/Na⁺ homeostasis in DM cardiomyopathy. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, whole-cell patch-clamp, confocal microscopic examinations, and Western blot, were performed in the ventricular myocytes of control and streptozotocin-induced DM rats, with or without empagliflozin (10 mg/kg for 4 weeks). The results showed that the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats had smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameters and shorter QT intervals than the DM rats. In addition, the prolonged action potential duration in the DM rats was attenuated in the empagliflozin-treated DM rats. Moreover, the DM rats had smaller sarcoplasmic reticular Ca
contents, intracellular Ca
transients, L-type Ca
, reverse mode Na⁺-Ca
exchanger currents, lower protein expressions of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase, ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), but higher protein expressions of phosphorylated RyR2 at serine 2808 than the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats. The incidence and frequency of Ca
sparks, cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and late Na⁺ current and Na⁺/hydrogen-exchanger currents were greater in the DM rats than in the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats. Empagliflozin significantly changed Ca
regulation, late Na⁺ and Na⁺/hydrogen-exchanger currents and electrophysiological characteristics in DM cardiomyopathy, which may contribute to its cardioprotective benefits in DM patients.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antidiabetics</subject><subject>Benzhydryl Compounds - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Calcium - metabolism</subject><subject>Calcium homeostasis</subject><subject>Calcium ions</subject><subject>Cardiac muscle</subject><subject>Cardiomyopathy</subject><subject>Cell size</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism</subject><subject>EKG</subject><subject>Electrocardiography</subject><subject>Electrophysiology</subject><subject>Glucosides - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Myocardium - metabolism</subject><subject>Myocytes</subject><subject>Myocytes, Cardiac - drug effects</subject><subject>Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel - metabolism</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Sodium - metabolism</subject><subject>Sodium-Calcium Exchanger - metabolism</subject><subject>Streptozocin</subject><subject>Ventricle</subject><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><issn>1422-0067</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkV1rFTEQhoMotlbvvJYFb7xwNV_7dSOU01YLFcHqdZhNZo85ZJNjki2c_gZ_dNMPy1EYmCHzzEtmXkJeM_pBiIF-tJs5cUo71vb0CTlkkvOa0rZ7ulcfkBcpbSjlgjfDc3Ig6NB3vG8OyZ_TeQtrZycXrq2vjnNGv0DGVH3dBQ3RWHDVZTB2mSvwplqB07f1yS5FXC8Osg3-rvMdrzCmMri6m9LlYQ4GnfXrqihf5ojbHK5DDtr6-tybRaOpTiyMmG2hIaeX5NkELuGrh3xEfp6d_lh9qS--fT5fHV_UWjKea82kEZKNGjpoeqnHphEGBqlb4GOnxSi5aaUZBg09GyVDNnFJURgDDHs5iSPy6V53u4wzGo0-R3BqG-0McacCWPVvx9tfah2uVCu7QTBRBN49CMTwe8GU1WyTRufAY1iS4pyVW5eQBX37H7oJS_RlPcWF4LxpikuFen9P6RhSuez0-BlG1a3Nat_mgr_ZX-AR_uuruAGXpadi</recordid><startdate>20190404</startdate><enddate>20190404</enddate><creator>Lee, Ting-I</creator><creator>Chen, Yao-Chang</creator><creator>Lin, Yung-Kuo</creator><creator>Chung, Cheng-Chih</creator><creator>Lu, Yen-Yu</creator><creator>Kao, Yu-Hsun</creator><creator>Chen, Yi-Jen</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190404</creationdate><title>Empagliflozin Attenuates Myocardial Sodium and Calcium Dysregulation and Reverses Cardiac Remodeling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats</title><author>Lee, Ting-I ; Chen, Yao-Chang ; Lin, Yung-Kuo ; Chung, Cheng-Chih ; Lu, Yen-Yu ; Kao, Yu-Hsun ; Chen, Yi-Jen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-c14d341bca7a584cb553da94c6a2b7c3b42d64d99ca81b41e1f240e3dda1e84f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antidiabetics</topic><topic>Benzhydryl Compounds - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Body size</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Calcium - metabolism</topic><topic>Calcium homeostasis</topic><topic>Calcium ions</topic><topic>Cardiac muscle</topic><topic>Cardiomyopathy</topic><topic>Cell size</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism</topic><topic>EKG</topic><topic>Electrocardiography</topic><topic>Electrophysiology</topic><topic>Glucosides - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Myocardium - metabolism</topic><topic>Myocytes</topic><topic>Myocytes, Cardiac - drug effects</topic><topic>Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Potassium</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel - metabolism</topic><topic>Signal transduction</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Sodium - metabolism</topic><topic>Sodium-Calcium Exchanger - metabolism</topic><topic>Streptozocin</topic><topic>Ventricle</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ting-I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yao-Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Yung-Kuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Cheng-Chih</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Yen-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kao, Yu-Hsun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yi-Jen</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Ting-I</au><au>Chen, Yao-Chang</au><au>Lin, Yung-Kuo</au><au>Chung, Cheng-Chih</au><au>Lu, Yen-Yu</au><au>Kao, Yu-Hsun</au><au>Chen, Yi-Jen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Empagliflozin Attenuates Myocardial Sodium and Calcium Dysregulation and Reverses Cardiac Remodeling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats</atitle><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><date>2019-04-04</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1680</spage><pages>1680-</pages><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><eissn>1422-0067</eissn><abstract>Diabetes mellitus (DM) has significant effects on cardiac calcium (Ca
) and sodium (Na⁺) regulation. Clinical studies have shown that empagliflozin (Jardiance™) has cardiovascular benefits, however the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether empagliflozin modulates cardiac electrical activity as well as Ca
/Na⁺ homeostasis in DM cardiomyopathy. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, whole-cell patch-clamp, confocal microscopic examinations, and Western blot, were performed in the ventricular myocytes of control and streptozotocin-induced DM rats, with or without empagliflozin (10 mg/kg for 4 weeks). The results showed that the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats had smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameters and shorter QT intervals than the DM rats. In addition, the prolonged action potential duration in the DM rats was attenuated in the empagliflozin-treated DM rats. Moreover, the DM rats had smaller sarcoplasmic reticular Ca
contents, intracellular Ca
transients, L-type Ca
, reverse mode Na⁺-Ca
exchanger currents, lower protein expressions of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase, ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), but higher protein expressions of phosphorylated RyR2 at serine 2808 than the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats. The incidence and frequency of Ca
sparks, cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and late Na⁺ current and Na⁺/hydrogen-exchanger currents were greater in the DM rats than in the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats. Empagliflozin significantly changed Ca
regulation, late Na⁺ and Na⁺/hydrogen-exchanger currents and electrophysiological characteristics in DM cardiomyopathy, which may contribute to its cardioprotective benefits in DM patients.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>30987285</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijms20071680</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of molecular sciences, 2019-04, Vol.20 (7), p.1680 |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Animals Antidiabetics Benzhydryl Compounds - therapeutic use Blood Body size Body weight Calcium - metabolism Calcium homeostasis Calcium ions Cardiac muscle Cardiomyopathy Cell size Diabetes mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism EKG Electrocardiography Electrophysiology Glucosides - therapeutic use Heart Homeostasis Hypertension Myocardium - metabolism Myocytes Myocytes, Cardiac - drug effects Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism Oxidative stress Potassium Rats Rodents Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel - metabolism Signal transduction Sodium Sodium - metabolism Sodium-Calcium Exchanger - metabolism Streptozocin Ventricle |
| title | Empagliflozin Attenuates Myocardial Sodium and Calcium Dysregulation and Reverses Cardiac Remodeling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-28T10%3A20%3A07IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Empagliflozin%20Attenuates%20Myocardial%20Sodium%20and%20Calcium%20Dysregulation%20and%20Reverses%20Cardiac%20Remodeling%20in%20Streptozotocin-Induced%20Diabetic%20Rats&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20molecular%20sciences&rft.au=Lee,%20Ting-I&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1680&rft.pages=1680-&rft.issn=1422-0067&rft.eissn=1422-0067&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijms20071680&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2332255142%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2332255142&rft_id=info:pmid/30987285&rfr_iscdi=true |