Nutrient Composition Comparison between a Modified Paleolithic Diet for Multiple Sclerosis and the Recommended Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that attacks the central nervous system. Evidence-based dietary guidelines do not exist for MS; the default advice is to follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). A modified Paleolithic Wahls Elimination (WahlsElim) diet promoted for MS exc...
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| description | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that attacks the central nervous system. Evidence-based dietary guidelines do not exist for MS; the default advice is to follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). A modified Paleolithic Wahls Elimination (WahlsElim) diet promoted for MS excludes grains and dairy and encourages 9+ cups fruits and vegetables (F/V) and saturated fat for cooking. This study evaluated the nutritional adequacy of seven-day menus and modeled them with varying amounts of F/V for comparison with the DGA Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern (HEP) for ages 31⁻50 years. WahlsElim menus had low added sugar and glycemic index. Nutritional adequacy of the menus and modeled versions were similar to HEP for 17 vitamins and minerals (mean adequacy ratio ≥92%). Nutrient shortfalls for the modeled diet with 60% F/V were identical to HEP for vitamin D, iron (females), magnesium (marginally males), choline and potassium; this modeled diet was also low in dietary fiber and calcium but met vitamin E requirements while HEP did not. WahlsElim-prescribed supplements corrected vitamin D and magnesium shortfalls; careful selection of foods are needed to meet requirements of other shortfall nutrients and reduce saturated fat and sodium. Doctors should monitor nutritional status, supplement doses, and possible contraindications to high vitamin K intake in individuals following the WahlsElim diet. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu11030537 |
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Evidence-based dietary guidelines do not exist for MS; the default advice is to follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). A modified Paleolithic Wahls Elimination (WahlsElim) diet promoted for MS excludes grains and dairy and encourages 9+ cups fruits and vegetables (F/V) and saturated fat for cooking. This study evaluated the nutritional adequacy of seven-day menus and modeled them with varying amounts of F/V for comparison with the DGA Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern (HEP) for ages 31⁻50 years. WahlsElim menus had low added sugar and glycemic index. Nutritional adequacy of the menus and modeled versions were similar to HEP for 17 vitamins and minerals (mean adequacy ratio ≥92%). Nutrient shortfalls for the modeled diet with 60% F/V were identical to HEP for vitamin D, iron (females), magnesium (marginally males), choline and potassium; this modeled diet was also low in dietary fiber and calcium but met vitamin E requirements while HEP did not. WahlsElim-prescribed supplements corrected vitamin D and magnesium shortfalls; careful selection of foods are needed to meet requirements of other shortfall nutrients and reduce saturated fat and sodium. Doctors should monitor nutritional status, supplement doses, and possible contraindications to high vitamin K intake in individuals following the WahlsElim diet.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu11030537</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30832289</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acids ; added sugars ; Adult ; calcium ; Calcium, Dietary - analysis ; central nervous system ; choline ; cooking ; Diabetes ; Diet ; Diet, Healthy - methods ; Diet, Healthy - statistics & numerical data ; Diet, Paleolithic ; dietary fiber ; Dietary Fiber - analysis ; Dietary Guidelines ; Dietary Supplements ; eating habits ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; females ; Food ; foods ; Fruit ; fruits ; glycemic index ; grains ; Health care ; Humans ; iron ; magnesium ; Male ; males ; menu planning ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Microbiota ; Middle Aged ; minerals ; Minerals - analysis ; Multiple sclerosis ; Multiple Sclerosis - diet therapy ; nutrient content ; nutrients ; Nutrients - analysis ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutrition research ; Nutrition Surveys ; nutritional adequacy ; nutritional status ; Nutritive Value ; Paleolithic ; physicians ; potassium ; saturated fats ; sclerosis ; sodium ; Vegetables ; vitamin D ; vitamin E ; vitamin K ; Vitamins - analysis</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2019-03, Vol.11 (3), p.537</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-f847a30cfc2b69988d91af86158e78a9cbf1188ae96c79e059a90ae04e7935183</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-f847a30cfc2b69988d91af86158e78a9cbf1188ae96c79e059a90ae04e7935183</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3551-1516 ; 0000-0001-6059-7994</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6470485/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6470485/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27903,27904,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30832289$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chenard, Catherine A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rubenstein, Linda M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snetselaar, Linda G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wahls, Terry L</creatorcontrib><title>Nutrient Composition Comparison between a Modified Paleolithic Diet for Multiple Sclerosis and the Recommended Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that attacks the central nervous system. Evidence-based dietary guidelines do not exist for MS; the default advice is to follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). A modified Paleolithic Wahls Elimination (WahlsElim) diet promoted for MS excludes grains and dairy and encourages 9+ cups fruits and vegetables (F/V) and saturated fat for cooking. This study evaluated the nutritional adequacy of seven-day menus and modeled them with varying amounts of F/V for comparison with the DGA Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern (HEP) for ages 31⁻50 years. WahlsElim menus had low added sugar and glycemic index. Nutritional adequacy of the menus and modeled versions were similar to HEP for 17 vitamins and minerals (mean adequacy ratio ≥92%). Nutrient shortfalls for the modeled diet with 60% F/V were identical to HEP for vitamin D, iron (females), magnesium (marginally males), choline and potassium; this modeled diet was also low in dietary fiber and calcium but met vitamin E requirements while HEP did not. WahlsElim-prescribed supplements corrected vitamin D and magnesium shortfalls; careful selection of foods are needed to meet requirements of other shortfall nutrients and reduce saturated fat and sodium. Doctors should monitor nutritional status, supplement doses, and possible contraindications to high vitamin K intake in individuals following the WahlsElim diet.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>added sugars</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>calcium</subject><subject>Calcium, Dietary - analysis</subject><subject>central nervous system</subject><subject>choline</subject><subject>cooking</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Diet, Healthy - methods</subject><subject>Diet, Healthy - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Diet, Paleolithic</subject><subject>dietary fiber</subject><subject>Dietary Fiber - analysis</subject><subject>Dietary Guidelines</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>eating habits</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>females</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>foods</subject><subject>Fruit</subject><subject>fruits</subject><subject>glycemic index</subject><subject>grains</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>iron</subject><subject>magnesium</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>males</subject><subject>menu planning</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>minerals</subject><subject>Minerals - analysis</subject><subject>Multiple sclerosis</subject><subject>Multiple Sclerosis - diet therapy</subject><subject>nutrient content</subject><subject>nutrients</subject><subject>Nutrients - analysis</subject><subject>Nutrition Policy</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>Nutrition Surveys</subject><subject>nutritional adequacy</subject><subject>nutritional status</subject><subject>Nutritive Value</subject><subject>Paleolithic</subject><subject>physicians</subject><subject>potassium</subject><subject>saturated fats</subject><subject>sclerosis</subject><subject>sodium</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>vitamin D</subject><subject>vitamin E</subject><subject>vitamin K</subject><subject>Vitamins - analysis</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkl1rFDEYhQdRbKm98QdIwBsRZs3HTD5uBFlbK7Qqrr0O2cw73ZRMsk0yyv6L_mRTW2v1xtzkQJ738OZwmuY5wQvGFH4TZkIwwz0Tj5p9igVtOe_Y4wd6rznM-RLfHIEFZ0-bPYYlo1Sq_eb601ySg1DQMk7bmF1xMfzSJrlc5RrKD4CADDqLgxsdDOiL8RC9Kxtn0XsHBY0xobPZF7f1gFbWQ6pGGZkwoLIB9BVsnCYIQ509AePLZofOF6tFuyq7OnBkigsX1bUUSOFZ82Q0PsPh3X3QnB8ffVuetKefP3xcvjttbcdUaUfZCcOwHS1dc6WkHBQxo-SklyCkUXY9EiKlAcWtUIB7ZRQ2gDsQivVEsoPm7a3vdl5PMNgaQTJeb5ObTNrpaJz--yW4jb6I3zXvBO5kXw1e3RmkeDVDLnpy2YL3JkCcs675ckWoIN3_0bopxR3FuKIv_0Ev45xCTUJThqsnZZxU6vUtZWvSOcF4vzfB-qYW-k8tKvzi4U_v0d8lYD8B2Jezow</recordid><startdate>20190301</startdate><enddate>20190301</enddate><creator>Chenard, Catherine A</creator><creator>Rubenstein, Linda M</creator><creator>Snetselaar, Linda G</creator><creator>Wahls, Terry L</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3551-1516</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6059-7994</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190301</creationdate><title>Nutrient Composition Comparison between a Modified Paleolithic Diet for Multiple Sclerosis and the Recommended Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern</title><author>Chenard, Catherine A ; Rubenstein, Linda M ; Snetselaar, Linda G ; Wahls, Terry L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-f847a30cfc2b69988d91af86158e78a9cbf1188ae96c79e059a90ae04e7935183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>added sugars</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>calcium</topic><topic>Calcium, Dietary - analysis</topic><topic>central nervous system</topic><topic>choline</topic><topic>cooking</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Diet, Healthy - methods</topic><topic>Diet, Healthy - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Diet, Paleolithic</topic><topic>dietary fiber</topic><topic>Dietary Fiber - analysis</topic><topic>Dietary Guidelines</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>eating habits</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>females</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>foods</topic><topic>Fruit</topic><topic>fruits</topic><topic>glycemic index</topic><topic>grains</topic><topic>Health care</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>iron</topic><topic>magnesium</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>males</topic><topic>menu planning</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>minerals</topic><topic>Minerals - analysis</topic><topic>Multiple sclerosis</topic><topic>Multiple Sclerosis - diet therapy</topic><topic>nutrient content</topic><topic>nutrients</topic><topic>Nutrients - analysis</topic><topic>Nutrition Policy</topic><topic>Nutrition research</topic><topic>Nutrition Surveys</topic><topic>nutritional adequacy</topic><topic>nutritional status</topic><topic>Nutritive Value</topic><topic>Paleolithic</topic><topic>physicians</topic><topic>potassium</topic><topic>saturated fats</topic><topic>sclerosis</topic><topic>sodium</topic><topic>Vegetables</topic><topic>vitamin D</topic><topic>vitamin E</topic><topic>vitamin K</topic><topic>Vitamins - analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chenard, Catherine A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rubenstein, Linda M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snetselaar, Linda G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wahls, Terry L</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chenard, Catherine A</au><au>Rubenstein, Linda M</au><au>Snetselaar, Linda G</au><au>Wahls, Terry L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nutrient Composition Comparison between a Modified Paleolithic Diet for Multiple Sclerosis and the Recommended Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><date>2019-03-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>537</spage><pages>537-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that attacks the central nervous system. Evidence-based dietary guidelines do not exist for MS; the default advice is to follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). A modified Paleolithic Wahls Elimination (WahlsElim) diet promoted for MS excludes grains and dairy and encourages 9+ cups fruits and vegetables (F/V) and saturated fat for cooking. This study evaluated the nutritional adequacy of seven-day menus and modeled them with varying amounts of F/V for comparison with the DGA Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern (HEP) for ages 31⁻50 years. WahlsElim menus had low added sugar and glycemic index. Nutritional adequacy of the menus and modeled versions were similar to HEP for 17 vitamins and minerals (mean adequacy ratio ≥92%). Nutrient shortfalls for the modeled diet with 60% F/V were identical to HEP for vitamin D, iron (females), magnesium (marginally males), choline and potassium; this modeled diet was also low in dietary fiber and calcium but met vitamin E requirements while HEP did not. WahlsElim-prescribed supplements corrected vitamin D and magnesium shortfalls; careful selection of foods are needed to meet requirements of other shortfall nutrients and reduce saturated fat and sodium. Doctors should monitor nutritional status, supplement doses, and possible contraindications to high vitamin K intake in individuals following the WahlsElim diet.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>30832289</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu11030537</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3551-1516</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6059-7994</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acids added sugars Adult calcium Calcium, Dietary - analysis central nervous system choline cooking Diabetes Diet Diet, Healthy - methods Diet, Healthy - statistics & numerical data Diet, Paleolithic dietary fiber Dietary Fiber - analysis Dietary Guidelines Dietary Supplements eating habits Feeding Behavior Female females Food foods Fruit fruits glycemic index grains Health care Humans iron magnesium Male males menu planning Metabolism Metabolites Microbiota Middle Aged minerals Minerals - analysis Multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis - diet therapy nutrient content nutrients Nutrients - analysis Nutrition Policy Nutrition research Nutrition Surveys nutritional adequacy nutritional status Nutritive Value Paleolithic physicians potassium saturated fats sclerosis sodium Vegetables vitamin D vitamin E vitamin K Vitamins - analysis |
| title | Nutrient Composition Comparison between a Modified Paleolithic Diet for Multiple Sclerosis and the Recommended Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern |
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