Morphometric analysis of spinal cord termination in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Background There is an association between Chiari malformations, syringomyelia (CMSM) and tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in people, suggesting Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with CMSM could also have TCS. Currently there are no data on the position of the caudal spinal cord structures in CKCS....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2019-03, Vol.33 (2), p.717-725 |
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| creator | Sparks, Courtney R. Robertson, Ian Olby, Natasha J. |
| description | Background
There is an association between Chiari malformations, syringomyelia (CMSM) and tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in people, suggesting Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with CMSM could also have TCS. Currently there are no data on the position of the caudal spinal cord structures in CKCS.
Objective
To describe and compare location of spinal cord termination in CKCS with weight‐matched controls and to examine the relationship between SM and spinal cord termination.
Animals
Thirty‐nine CKCS and 33 controls with thoracolumbar MRIs; 34 of 39 CKCS also had cervical MRIs.
Methods
Blinded retrospective study. Spinal cord and dural sac termination were determined from T2‐weighted sagittal and transverse images and half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo sequences. Intra‐observer reliability was determined using kappa analysis. Presence of SM was compared with location of spinal cord and dural sac termination.
Results
Intra‐observer reliability was moderate for identifying spinal cord termination (Kappa = 0.6) and good for dural sac termination (Kappa = 0.8). The spinal cord terminated at lumbar vertebra 6 (L6) in 1, 7 (L7) in 22, and sacrum in 16 CKCS versus 9 at L6, 23 at L7, 1 at sacrum in controls. Spinal cord (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jvim.15437 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6430917</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2299782095</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4487-d9b0ea7d39576c483eef05776d698241ea847538cb7f6af0a948814396bf40443</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kV1rFDEUhkNR2m31xh8gAW-kMDWZfN8IsthabRH86G3IzpzpZslMxmR2y_77Zt1aqhfm5nA4D08O50XoFSVntLx3q43vz6jgTB2gGTXMVFQq-QzNiDa0kpKTI3Sc84qQWgihDtERI0poLfUMfbuOaVzGHqbkG-wGF7bZZxw7nEdfOtzE1OIJUl-6yccB-wHP3cYFDwl_8cMtni9dCpDx99ENHkJ-gZ53LmR4-VBP0M_zjz_mn6qrrxeX8w9XVcO5VlVrFgScapkRSjZcM4COCKVkK42uOQWnuRJMNwvVSdcRZ7jWlDMjFx0nnLMT9H7vHdeLHtoGhim5YMfke5e2Njpv_54Mfmlv48ZKzoihqgjePghS_LWGPNne5wZCcAPEdbY1NVLUSordX2_-QVdxncp9ClUbo3RNjCjU6Z5qUsw5Qfe4DCV2F5XdRWV_R1Xg10_Xf0T_ZFMAugfufIDtf1T2883l9V56D2kwnyM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2299782095</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Morphometric analysis of spinal cord termination in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Journals</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Sparks, Courtney R. ; Robertson, Ian ; Olby, Natasha J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Sparks, Courtney R. ; Robertson, Ian ; Olby, Natasha J.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
There is an association between Chiari malformations, syringomyelia (CMSM) and tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in people, suggesting Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with CMSM could also have TCS. Currently there are no data on the position of the caudal spinal cord structures in CKCS.
Objective
To describe and compare location of spinal cord termination in CKCS with weight‐matched controls and to examine the relationship between SM and spinal cord termination.
Animals
Thirty‐nine CKCS and 33 controls with thoracolumbar MRIs; 34 of 39 CKCS also had cervical MRIs.
Methods
Blinded retrospective study. Spinal cord and dural sac termination were determined from T2‐weighted sagittal and transverse images and half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo sequences. Intra‐observer reliability was determined using kappa analysis. Presence of SM was compared with location of spinal cord and dural sac termination.
Results
Intra‐observer reliability was moderate for identifying spinal cord termination (Kappa = 0.6) and good for dural sac termination (Kappa = 0.8). The spinal cord terminated at lumbar vertebra 6 (L6) in 1, 7 (L7) in 22, and sacrum in 16 CKCS versus 9 at L6, 23 at L7, 1 at sacrum in controls. Spinal cord (P < .001) and dural sac (P = .002) termination were significantly more caudal in CKCS compared to controls. The presence of thoracolumbar SM was associated with more caudal dural sac termination in CKCS (P = .03).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The relationship between TL SM and possible spinal cord tethering because of a more caudal dural sac termination should be investigated.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0891-6640</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1676</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15437</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30758868</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; conus medullaris ; Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging ; Dogs ; Dura Mater - abnormalities ; dural sac ; Female ; filum terminale ; Image acquisition ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - veterinary ; Male ; Neural Tube Defects - diagnostic imaging ; Neural Tube Defects - veterinary ; Neurological diseases ; Pain ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Sacrum ; SMALL ANIMAL ; Spinal cord ; Spinal Cord - abnormalities ; Studies ; syringomyelia ; Syringomyelia - diagnostic imaging ; Syringomyelia - veterinary ; Tethering ; Vertebrae</subject><ispartof>Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2019-03, Vol.33 (2), p.717-725</ispartof><rights>2019 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.</rights><rights>2019 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.</rights><rights>2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4487-d9b0ea7d39576c483eef05776d698241ea847538cb7f6af0a948814396bf40443</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4487-d9b0ea7d39576c483eef05776d698241ea847538cb7f6af0a948814396bf40443</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1349-3484</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6430917/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6430917/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,1417,11562,27924,27925,45574,45575,46052,46476,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30758868$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sparks, Courtney R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robertson, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olby, Natasha J.</creatorcontrib><title>Morphometric analysis of spinal cord termination in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels</title><title>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</title><addtitle>J Vet Intern Med</addtitle><description>Background
There is an association between Chiari malformations, syringomyelia (CMSM) and tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in people, suggesting Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with CMSM could also have TCS. Currently there are no data on the position of the caudal spinal cord structures in CKCS.
Objective
To describe and compare location of spinal cord termination in CKCS with weight‐matched controls and to examine the relationship between SM and spinal cord termination.
Animals
Thirty‐nine CKCS and 33 controls with thoracolumbar MRIs; 34 of 39 CKCS also had cervical MRIs.
Methods
Blinded retrospective study. Spinal cord and dural sac termination were determined from T2‐weighted sagittal and transverse images and half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo sequences. Intra‐observer reliability was determined using kappa analysis. Presence of SM was compared with location of spinal cord and dural sac termination.
Results
Intra‐observer reliability was moderate for identifying spinal cord termination (Kappa = 0.6) and good for dural sac termination (Kappa = 0.8). The spinal cord terminated at lumbar vertebra 6 (L6) in 1, 7 (L7) in 22, and sacrum in 16 CKCS versus 9 at L6, 23 at L7, 1 at sacrum in controls. Spinal cord (P < .001) and dural sac (P = .002) termination were significantly more caudal in CKCS compared to controls. The presence of thoracolumbar SM was associated with more caudal dural sac termination in CKCS (P = .03).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The relationship between TL SM and possible spinal cord tethering because of a more caudal dural sac termination should be investigated.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>conus medullaris</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Dura Mater - abnormalities</subject><subject>dural sac</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>filum terminale</subject><subject>Image acquisition</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - veterinary</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Neural Tube Defects - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Neural Tube Defects - veterinary</subject><subject>Neurological diseases</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Sacrum</subject><subject>SMALL ANIMAL</subject><subject>Spinal cord</subject><subject>Spinal Cord - abnormalities</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>syringomyelia</subject><subject>Syringomyelia - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Syringomyelia - veterinary</subject><subject>Tethering</subject><subject>Vertebrae</subject><issn>0891-6640</issn><issn>1939-1676</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kV1rFDEUhkNR2m31xh8gAW-kMDWZfN8IsthabRH86G3IzpzpZslMxmR2y_77Zt1aqhfm5nA4D08O50XoFSVntLx3q43vz6jgTB2gGTXMVFQq-QzNiDa0kpKTI3Sc84qQWgihDtERI0poLfUMfbuOaVzGHqbkG-wGF7bZZxw7nEdfOtzE1OIJUl-6yccB-wHP3cYFDwl_8cMtni9dCpDx99ENHkJ-gZ53LmR4-VBP0M_zjz_mn6qrrxeX8w9XVcO5VlVrFgScapkRSjZcM4COCKVkK42uOQWnuRJMNwvVSdcRZ7jWlDMjFx0nnLMT9H7vHdeLHtoGhim5YMfke5e2Njpv_54Mfmlv48ZKzoihqgjePghS_LWGPNne5wZCcAPEdbY1NVLUSordX2_-QVdxncp9ClUbo3RNjCjU6Z5qUsw5Qfe4DCV2F5XdRWV_R1Xg10_Xf0T_ZFMAugfufIDtf1T2883l9V56D2kwnyM</recordid><startdate>201903</startdate><enddate>201903</enddate><creator>Sparks, Courtney R.</creator><creator>Robertson, Ian</creator><creator>Olby, Natasha J.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1349-3484</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201903</creationdate><title>Morphometric analysis of spinal cord termination in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels</title><author>Sparks, Courtney R. ; Robertson, Ian ; Olby, Natasha J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4487-d9b0ea7d39576c483eef05776d698241ea847538cb7f6af0a948814396bf40443</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>conus medullaris</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>Dura Mater - abnormalities</topic><topic>dural sac</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>filum terminale</topic><topic>Image acquisition</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - veterinary</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Neural Tube Defects - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Neural Tube Defects - veterinary</topic><topic>Neurological diseases</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Sacrum</topic><topic>SMALL ANIMAL</topic><topic>Spinal cord</topic><topic>Spinal Cord - abnormalities</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>syringomyelia</topic><topic>Syringomyelia - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Syringomyelia - veterinary</topic><topic>Tethering</topic><topic>Vertebrae</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sparks, Courtney R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robertson, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olby, Natasha J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</collection><collection>Wiley Free Content</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sparks, Courtney R.</au><au>Robertson, Ian</au><au>Olby, Natasha J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Morphometric analysis of spinal cord termination in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels</atitle><jtitle>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Vet Intern Med</addtitle><date>2019-03</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>717</spage><epage>725</epage><pages>717-725</pages><issn>0891-6640</issn><eissn>1939-1676</eissn><abstract>Background
There is an association between Chiari malformations, syringomyelia (CMSM) and tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in people, suggesting Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with CMSM could also have TCS. Currently there are no data on the position of the caudal spinal cord structures in CKCS.
Objective
To describe and compare location of spinal cord termination in CKCS with weight‐matched controls and to examine the relationship between SM and spinal cord termination.
Animals
Thirty‐nine CKCS and 33 controls with thoracolumbar MRIs; 34 of 39 CKCS also had cervical MRIs.
Methods
Blinded retrospective study. Spinal cord and dural sac termination were determined from T2‐weighted sagittal and transverse images and half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo sequences. Intra‐observer reliability was determined using kappa analysis. Presence of SM was compared with location of spinal cord and dural sac termination.
Results
Intra‐observer reliability was moderate for identifying spinal cord termination (Kappa = 0.6) and good for dural sac termination (Kappa = 0.8). The spinal cord terminated at lumbar vertebra 6 (L6) in 1, 7 (L7) in 22, and sacrum in 16 CKCS versus 9 at L6, 23 at L7, 1 at sacrum in controls. Spinal cord (P < .001) and dural sac (P = .002) termination were significantly more caudal in CKCS compared to controls. The presence of thoracolumbar SM was associated with more caudal dural sac termination in CKCS (P = .03).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The relationship between TL SM and possible spinal cord tethering because of a more caudal dural sac termination should be investigated.</abstract><cop>Hoboken, USA</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>30758868</pmid><doi>10.1111/jvim.15437</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1349-3484</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Journals; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection); PubMed Central |
| subjects | Animals conus medullaris Dog Diseases - diagnostic imaging Dogs Dura Mater - abnormalities dural sac Female filum terminale Image acquisition Magnetic Resonance Imaging - veterinary Male Neural Tube Defects - diagnostic imaging Neural Tube Defects - veterinary Neurological diseases Pain Reproducibility of Results Retrospective Studies Sacrum SMALL ANIMAL Spinal cord Spinal Cord - abnormalities Studies syringomyelia Syringomyelia - diagnostic imaging Syringomyelia - veterinary Tethering Vertebrae |
| title | Morphometric analysis of spinal cord termination in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels |
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