Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Oxygen Barrier without the Cost of Color and Cytotoxicity
This paper introduces a boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS)-reinforced cellulose nanofiber (CNF) film as a sustainable oxygen barrier film that can potentially be applied in food packaging. Most commodity plastics are oxygen-permeable. CNF exhibits an ideal oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of
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description | This paper introduces a boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS)-reinforced cellulose nanofiber (CNF) film as a sustainable oxygen barrier film that can potentially be applied in food packaging. Most commodity plastics are oxygen-permeable. CNF exhibits an ideal oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of |
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Most commodity plastics are oxygen-permeable. CNF exhibits an ideal oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of <1 cc/m²/day in highly controlled conditions. A CNF film typically fabricated by the air drying of a CNF aqueous solution reveals an OTR of 19.08 cc/m²/day. The addition of 0⁻5 wt % BNNS to the CNF dispersion before drying results in a composite film with highly improved OTR of 4.7 cc/m²/day, which is sufficient for meat and cheese packaging. BNNS as a 2D nanomaterial increases the pathway of oxygen gas and reduces the chances of pinhole formation during film fabrication involving water drying. In addition, BNNS improves the mechanical properties of the CNF films (Young's modulus and tensile strength) without significant elongation reductions, probably due to the good miscibility of CNF and BNNS in the aqueous solution. Addition of BNNS also produces negligible color change, which is important for film aesthetics. An in vitro cell experiment was performed to reveal the low cytotoxicity of the CNF/BNNS composite. This composite film has great potential as a sustainable high-performance food-packaging material.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym10050501</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30966535</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Air drying ; Aqueous solutions ; Boron nitride ; Cellulose ; Cheese ; Cytotoxicity ; Elongation ; Food packaging ; Meat ; Mechanical properties ; Miscibility ; Modulus of elasticity ; Nanofibers ; Nanomaterials ; Nanosheets ; Oxygen ; Polymers ; Toxicity</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2018-05, Vol.10 (5), p.501</ispartof><rights>Copyright MDPI AG 2018</rights><rights>2018 by the authors. 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-4a6cdccf8d01d4b77e7c7fc57668c5e8c3973172682b6f827974488fd4d7f4903</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-4a6cdccf8d01d4b77e7c7fc57668c5e8c3973172682b6f827974488fd4d7f4903</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3665-405X ; 0000-0002-9369-1597</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6415411/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6415411/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27915,27916,53782,53784</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30966535$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nguyen, Hoang-Linh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanif, Zahid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Seul-A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Bong Gill</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, Thang Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Dong Soo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Jeyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Sung Yeon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, Dongyeop X</creatorcontrib><title>Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Oxygen Barrier without the Cost of Color and Cytotoxicity</title><title>Polymers</title><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><description>This paper introduces a boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS)-reinforced cellulose nanofiber (CNF) film as a sustainable oxygen barrier film that can potentially be applied in food packaging. Most commodity plastics are oxygen-permeable. CNF exhibits an ideal oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of <1 cc/m²/day in highly controlled conditions. A CNF film typically fabricated by the air drying of a CNF aqueous solution reveals an OTR of 19.08 cc/m²/day. The addition of 0⁻5 wt % BNNS to the CNF dispersion before drying results in a composite film with highly improved OTR of 4.7 cc/m²/day, which is sufficient for meat and cheese packaging. BNNS as a 2D nanomaterial increases the pathway of oxygen gas and reduces the chances of pinhole formation during film fabrication involving water drying. In addition, BNNS improves the mechanical properties of the CNF films (Young's modulus and tensile strength) without significant elongation reductions, probably due to the good miscibility of CNF and BNNS in the aqueous solution. Addition of BNNS also produces negligible color change, which is important for film aesthetics. An in vitro cell experiment was performed to reveal the low cytotoxicity of the CNF/BNNS composite. This composite film has great potential as a sustainable high-performance food-packaging material.</description><subject>Air drying</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Boron nitride</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Cheese</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Elongation</subject><subject>Food packaging</subject><subject>Meat</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Miscibility</subject><subject>Modulus of elasticity</subject><subject>Nanofibers</subject><subject>Nanomaterials</subject><subject>Nanosheets</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc1u1TAQhSMEolXpki2yxIZNih07drJBoleUIlWtxM_acpxxr6vEc7EdaN6CR8bVLVWLZzHWzKczHp-qes3oCec9fb_DaZ0ZpW0J9qw6bKjiteCSPn90P6iOU7qh5YhWSqZeVgec9lK2vD2s_nxbUjY-mGECcooRA7n0OfoRyKUJmLYAuf4KPjiMFkaygWlaJkz7tvMDRLLBeYfJZyBnfprJb5-35Op2vYZATk2MviB3NVwyyVsoeMoEXckTRmJCEV0zZrz11uf1VfXCmSnB8X0-qn6cffq-Oa8vrj5_2Xy8qK1gba6FkXa01nUjZaMYlAJllbOtkrKzLXSW94oz1ciuGaTrGtUrIbrOjWJUTvSUH1Uf9rq7ZZhhtBByNJPeRT-buGo0Xj_tBL_V1_hLyzJfMFYE3t0LRPy5QMp69smW7zEBcEm6KQYwKTmTBX37H3qDSwxlPd3QVvKu6_u2UPWeshFTiuAeHsOovrNbP7G78G8eb_BA_zOX_wVSp6lh</recordid><startdate>20180505</startdate><enddate>20180505</enddate><creator>Nguyen, Hoang-Linh</creator><creator>Hanif, Zahid</creator><creator>Park, Seul-A</creator><creator>Choi, Bong Gill</creator><creator>Tran, Thang Hong</creator><creator>Hwang, Dong Soo</creator><creator>Park, Jeyoung</creator><creator>Hwang, Sung Yeon</creator><creator>Oh, Dongyeop X</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-405X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-1597</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180505</creationdate><title>Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Oxygen Barrier without the Cost of Color and Cytotoxicity</title><author>Nguyen, Hoang-Linh ; Hanif, Zahid ; Park, Seul-A ; Choi, Bong Gill ; Tran, Thang Hong ; Hwang, Dong Soo ; Park, Jeyoung ; Hwang, Sung Yeon ; Oh, Dongyeop X</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-4a6cdccf8d01d4b77e7c7fc57668c5e8c3973172682b6f827974488fd4d7f4903</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Air drying</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Boron nitride</topic><topic>Cellulose</topic><topic>Cheese</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Elongation</topic><topic>Food packaging</topic><topic>Meat</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Miscibility</topic><topic>Modulus of elasticity</topic><topic>Nanofibers</topic><topic>Nanomaterials</topic><topic>Nanosheets</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nguyen, Hoang-Linh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanif, Zahid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Seul-A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Bong Gill</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, Thang Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Dong Soo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Jeyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Sung Yeon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, Dongyeop X</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>https://resources.nclive.org/materials</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nguyen, Hoang-Linh</au><au>Hanif, Zahid</au><au>Park, Seul-A</au><au>Choi, Bong Gill</au><au>Tran, Thang Hong</au><au>Hwang, Dong Soo</au><au>Park, Jeyoung</au><au>Hwang, Sung Yeon</au><au>Oh, Dongyeop X</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Oxygen Barrier without the Cost of Color and Cytotoxicity</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2018-05-05</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>501</spage><pages>501-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>This paper introduces a boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS)-reinforced cellulose nanofiber (CNF) film as a sustainable oxygen barrier film that can potentially be applied in food packaging. Most commodity plastics are oxygen-permeable. CNF exhibits an ideal oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of <1 cc/m²/day in highly controlled conditions. A CNF film typically fabricated by the air drying of a CNF aqueous solution reveals an OTR of 19.08 cc/m²/day. The addition of 0⁻5 wt % BNNS to the CNF dispersion before drying results in a composite film with highly improved OTR of 4.7 cc/m²/day, which is sufficient for meat and cheese packaging. BNNS as a 2D nanomaterial increases the pathway of oxygen gas and reduces the chances of pinhole formation during film fabrication involving water drying. In addition, BNNS improves the mechanical properties of the CNF films (Young's modulus and tensile strength) without significant elongation reductions, probably due to the good miscibility of CNF and BNNS in the aqueous solution. Addition of BNNS also produces negligible color change, which is important for film aesthetics. An in vitro cell experiment was performed to reveal the low cytotoxicity of the CNF/BNNS composite. This composite film has great potential as a sustainable high-performance food-packaging material.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>30966535</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym10050501</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-405X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-1597</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Air drying Aqueous solutions Boron nitride Cellulose Cheese Cytotoxicity Elongation Food packaging Meat Mechanical properties Miscibility Modulus of elasticity Nanofibers Nanomaterials Nanosheets Oxygen Polymers Toxicity |
title | Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Oxygen Barrier without the Cost of Color and Cytotoxicity |
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