Vegetable Nitrate Intakes Are Associated with Reduced Self-Reported Cardiovascular-Related Complications within a Representative Sample of Middle-Aged Australian Women, Prospectively Followed up for 15 Years
Nitric oxide (NO) facilitates anti-atherosclerotic effects. Vegetables are a major source of dietary nitrate. Experimental data indicates that dietary nitrate can significantly reduce major risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD), as nitrate can be metabolized to...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2019-01, Vol.11 (2), p.240 |
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| creator | Jackson, Jacklyn K Patterson, Amanda J MacDonald-Wicks, Lesley K Forder, Peta M Blekkenhorst, Lauren C Bondonno, Catherine P Hodgson, Jonathan M Ward, Natalie C Holder, Carl Oldmeadow, Christopher Byles, Julie E McEvoy, Mark A |
| description | Nitric oxide (NO) facilitates anti-atherosclerotic effects. Vegetables are a major source of dietary nitrate. Experimental data indicates that dietary nitrate can significantly reduce major risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD), as nitrate can be metabolized to produce NO via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between habitual dietary nitrate intakes and the incidence of self-reported CVD-related complications within a representative sample of middle-aged Australian women (1946⁻1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health). Women free from disease at baseline who had completed the food frequency questionnaire data were included. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) across quartiles for nitrate intakes. Of the 5324 women included for analysis, there were 1951 new cases of CVD-related complications over 15-years of follow-up. Women reporting higher total dietary nitrate intakes (Q4 > 78.2 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q4 > 64.4 mg/day) were 25% and 27% reduced risk of developing CVD-related complications respectively, compared with women reporting low total (Q1 < 45.5 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q1 < 34.8 mg/day). Our findings were consistent with other observational data indicating that dietary nitrate may explain some of the cardiovascular benefits of vegetable consumption. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu11020240 |
| format | Article |
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Vegetables are a major source of dietary nitrate. Experimental data indicates that dietary nitrate can significantly reduce major risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD), as nitrate can be metabolized to produce NO via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between habitual dietary nitrate intakes and the incidence of self-reported CVD-related complications within a representative sample of middle-aged Australian women (1946⁻1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health). Women free from disease at baseline who had completed the food frequency questionnaire data were included. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) across quartiles for nitrate intakes. Of the 5324 women included for analysis, there were 1951 new cases of CVD-related complications over 15-years of follow-up. Women reporting higher total dietary nitrate intakes (Q4 > 78.2 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q4 > 64.4 mg/day) were 25% and 27% reduced risk of developing CVD-related complications respectively, compared with women reporting low total (Q1 < 45.5 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q1 < 34.8 mg/day). Our findings were consistent with other observational data indicating that dietary nitrate may explain some of the cardiovascular benefits of vegetable consumption.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu11020240</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30678264</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Atherosclerosis ; Australia ; Australians ; Bioavailability ; Blood platelets ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control ; Complications ; confidence interval ; Coronary artery disease ; Diabetes ; Diet ; Dietary intake ; Disease prevention ; equations ; Female ; Food ; food frequency questionnaires ; Health sciences ; Heart diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intakes ; Longitudinal studies ; Meat ; Medical research ; Middle age ; Middle Aged ; Nitrates ; Nitrates - administration & dosage ; Nitrates - pharmacology ; nitric oxide ; Nutrition ; observational studies ; Odds Ratio ; protective effect ; Public health ; Research centers ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; risk reduction ; Self Report ; Stroke ; Systematic review ; Thromboembolism ; Thrombosis ; vegetable consumption ; Vegetables ; Vegetables - chemistry ; women ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2019-01, Vol.11 (2), p.240</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-8e1d9fa470b9817812724d7ec1aff9960cf60d91969212d064e129c45a26e0983</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-8e1d9fa470b9817812724d7ec1aff9960cf60d91969212d064e129c45a26e0983</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7633-0418 ; 0000-0002-5364-9773 ; 0000-0003-1561-9052 ; 0000-0002-1868-7918 ; 0000-0003-0591-471X ; 0000-0002-6042-437X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6412377/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6412377/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30678264$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Jacklyn K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patterson, Amanda J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacDonald-Wicks, Lesley K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forder, Peta M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blekkenhorst, Lauren C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bondonno, Catherine P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hodgson, Jonathan M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, Natalie C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holder, Carl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oldmeadow, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byles, Julie E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McEvoy, Mark A</creatorcontrib><title>Vegetable Nitrate Intakes Are Associated with Reduced Self-Reported Cardiovascular-Related Complications within a Representative Sample of Middle-Aged Australian Women, Prospectively Followed up for 15 Years</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>Nitric oxide (NO) facilitates anti-atherosclerotic effects. Vegetables are a major source of dietary nitrate. Experimental data indicates that dietary nitrate can significantly reduce major risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD), as nitrate can be metabolized to produce NO via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between habitual dietary nitrate intakes and the incidence of self-reported CVD-related complications within a representative sample of middle-aged Australian women (1946⁻1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health). Women free from disease at baseline who had completed the food frequency questionnaire data were included. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) across quartiles for nitrate intakes. Of the 5324 women included for analysis, there were 1951 new cases of CVD-related complications over 15-years of follow-up. Women reporting higher total dietary nitrate intakes (Q4 > 78.2 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q4 > 64.4 mg/day) were 25% and 27% reduced risk of developing CVD-related complications respectively, compared with women reporting low total (Q1 < 45.5 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q1 < 34.8 mg/day). Our findings were consistent with other observational data indicating that dietary nitrate may explain some of the cardiovascular benefits of vegetable consumption.</description><subject>Atherosclerosis</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Australians</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Blood platelets</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control</subject><subject>Complications</subject><subject>confidence interval</subject><subject>Coronary artery disease</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Dietary intake</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>equations</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>food frequency questionnaires</subject><subject>Health sciences</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Intakes</subject><subject>Longitudinal studies</subject><subject>Meat</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Middle age</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrates - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Nitrates - pharmacology</subject><subject>nitric oxide</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>observational studies</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>protective effect</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Research centers</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>risk reduction</subject><subject>Self Report</subject><subject>Stroke</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Thromboembolism</subject><subject>Thrombosis</subject><subject>vegetable consumption</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>Vegetables - chemistry</subject><subject>women</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkstu1TAQhiMEolXphgdAltigioBvseMNUnREoVK5qOUiVpaPMzl1ceJgJ6fqU_JKOG0phQ3e2J755vfMeIriMcEvGFP45TATgimmHN8rdimWtBSCs_t3zjvFfkrneFkSS8EeFjsMC1lTwXeLn19gA5NZe0Dv3RTNBOhomMx3SKiJgJqUgnXZ2qILN52hE2hnmy-n4LvyBMYQF9fKxNaFrUl29iZmu7-KWIV-9M6ayYUhXcW7AZmsMUZIkF-Z3BbQqckUoNChd65tPZTNJsc2c8rZeGcG9DX0MDxHH2NII9glxl-iw-B9uMjgPKIuREQq9A1MTI-KB53xCfZv9r3i8-HrT6u35fGHN0er5ri0nKmprIG0qjNc4rWqiawJlZS3EiwxXaeUwLYTuFVECUUJbbHgQKiyvDJUAFY12yteXeuO87qH1uZycrp6jK438VIH4_TfnsGd6U3YasEJZVJmgWc3AjH8mCFNunfJgvdmgDAnTWktVP4mwv6PEqm4ZFzhjD79Bz0PcxxyJzRlpKooFdUieHBN2dzTFKG7zZtgvUyV_jNVGX5yt9Jb9PcMsV9D78pe</recordid><startdate>20190122</startdate><enddate>20190122</enddate><creator>Jackson, Jacklyn K</creator><creator>Patterson, Amanda J</creator><creator>MacDonald-Wicks, Lesley K</creator><creator>Forder, Peta M</creator><creator>Blekkenhorst, Lauren C</creator><creator>Bondonno, Catherine P</creator><creator>Hodgson, Jonathan M</creator><creator>Ward, Natalie C</creator><creator>Holder, Carl</creator><creator>Oldmeadow, Christopher</creator><creator>Byles, Julie E</creator><creator>McEvoy, Mark A</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7633-0418</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-9773</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-9052</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-7918</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-471X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6042-437X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190122</creationdate><title>Vegetable Nitrate Intakes Are Associated with Reduced Self-Reported Cardiovascular-Related Complications within a Representative Sample of Middle-Aged Australian Women, Prospectively Followed up for 15 Years</title><author>Jackson, Jacklyn K ; Patterson, Amanda J ; MacDonald-Wicks, Lesley K ; Forder, Peta M ; Blekkenhorst, Lauren C ; Bondonno, Catherine P ; Hodgson, Jonathan M ; Ward, Natalie C ; Holder, Carl ; Oldmeadow, Christopher ; Byles, Julie E ; McEvoy, Mark A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-8e1d9fa470b9817812724d7ec1aff9960cf60d91969212d064e129c45a26e0983</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Atherosclerosis</topic><topic>Australia</topic><topic>Australians</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Blood platelets</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - 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chemistry</topic><topic>women</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Jacklyn K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patterson, Amanda J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacDonald-Wicks, Lesley K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forder, Peta M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blekkenhorst, Lauren C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bondonno, Catherine P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hodgson, Jonathan M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, Natalie C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holder, Carl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oldmeadow, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byles, Julie E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McEvoy, Mark A</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - 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Vegetables are a major source of dietary nitrate. Experimental data indicates that dietary nitrate can significantly reduce major risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD), as nitrate can be metabolized to produce NO via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between habitual dietary nitrate intakes and the incidence of self-reported CVD-related complications within a representative sample of middle-aged Australian women (1946⁻1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health). Women free from disease at baseline who had completed the food frequency questionnaire data were included. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) across quartiles for nitrate intakes. Of the 5324 women included for analysis, there were 1951 new cases of CVD-related complications over 15-years of follow-up. Women reporting higher total dietary nitrate intakes (Q4 > 78.2 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q4 > 64.4 mg/day) were 25% and 27% reduced risk of developing CVD-related complications respectively, compared with women reporting low total (Q1 < 45.5 mg/day) and vegetable nitrate intakes (Q1 < 34.8 mg/day). Our findings were consistent with other observational data indicating that dietary nitrate may explain some of the cardiovascular benefits of vegetable consumption.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>30678264</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu11020240</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7633-0418</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-9773</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-9052</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-7918</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-471X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6042-437X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Atherosclerosis Australia Australians Bioavailability Blood platelets Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control Complications confidence interval Coronary artery disease Diabetes Diet Dietary intake Disease prevention equations Female Food food frequency questionnaires Health sciences Heart diseases Humans Hypertension Intakes Longitudinal studies Meat Medical research Middle age Middle Aged Nitrates Nitrates - administration & dosage Nitrates - pharmacology nitric oxide Nutrition observational studies Odds Ratio protective effect Public health Research centers Risk analysis Risk factors risk reduction Self Report Stroke Systematic review Thromboembolism Thrombosis vegetable consumption Vegetables Vegetables - chemistry women Womens health |
| title | Vegetable Nitrate Intakes Are Associated with Reduced Self-Reported Cardiovascular-Related Complications within a Representative Sample of Middle-Aged Australian Women, Prospectively Followed up for 15 Years |
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