Maternal fatty acids in pregnancy, FADS polymorphisms, and child intelligence quotient at 8 y of age

Background: Brain tissue is selectively enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids (FAs). Altering the maternal FA status in pregnancy may improve fetal neural development with lasting consequences for child development.Objective: We explored whether maternal FAs in erythrocytes, either measured d...

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Veröffentlicht in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 2013-12, Vol.98 (6), p.1575-1582
Hauptverfasser: Steer, Colin D, Lattka, Eva, Koletzko, Berthold, Golding, Jean, Hibbeln, Joseph R
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container_issue 6
container_start_page 1575
container_title The American journal of clinical nutrition
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creator Steer, Colin D
Lattka, Eva
Koletzko, Berthold
Golding, Jean
Hibbeln, Joseph R
description Background: Brain tissue is selectively enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids (FAs). Altering the maternal FA status in pregnancy may improve fetal neural development with lasting consequences for child development.Objective: We explored whether maternal FAs in erythrocytes, either measured directly or indirectly by maternal FADS genetic variants, are associated with child intelligence quotient (IQ).Design: Linear regression analyses, adjusted for 18 confounders, were used to investigate the associations in 2839 mother-child pairs from the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort.Results: Low levels of arachidonic acid (20:4n−6) were associated with lower performance IQ (−2.0 points; 95% CI: −3.5, −0.6 points; P = 0.007, increased R2 = 0.27%), high levels of osbond acid (22:5n−6) were associated with verbal IQ (−1.8 points; 95% CI: −3.2, −0.4 points; P = 0.014, R2 = 0.20%), and high levels of adrenic acid (22:4n−6) were associated with verbal IQ (−1.7 points; 95% CI:−3.1, −0.3 points; P = 0.016, R2 = 0.19%). There was some evidence to support a negative association of low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n−3) with full-scale IQ (R2 = 0.15%). Novel weak associations were also observed for low levels of osbond acid (R2 ≤ 0.29%) and FADS variants with opposite effects for intron variants and variants in the promoter region such as rs3834458 (R2 ≤ 0.38%).Conclusions: These results support the positive role of maternal arachidonic acid and DHA on fetal neural development, although the effects on child IQ by 8 y of age were small (0.1 SD), with other factors contributing more substantially. The endogenous synthesis of these FAs by FADS genes, especially FADS2, may also be important. The replication of these results is recommended.
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Altering the maternal FA status in pregnancy may improve fetal neural development with lasting consequences for child development.Objective: We explored whether maternal FAs in erythrocytes, either measured directly or indirectly by maternal FADS genetic variants, are associated with child intelligence quotient (IQ).Design: Linear regression analyses, adjusted for 18 confounders, were used to investigate the associations in 2839 mother-child pairs from the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort.Results: Low levels of arachidonic acid (20:4n−6) were associated with lower performance IQ (−2.0 points; 95% CI: −3.5, −0.6 points; P = 0.007, increased R2 = 0.27%), high levels of osbond acid (22:5n−6) were associated with verbal IQ (−1.8 points; 95% CI: −3.2, −0.4 points; P = 0.014, R2 = 0.20%), and high levels of adrenic acid (22:4n−6) were associated with verbal IQ (−1.7 points; 95% CI:−3.1, −0.3 points; P = 0.016, R2 = 0.19%). There was some evidence to support a negative association of low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n−3) with full-scale IQ (R2 = 0.15%). Novel weak associations were also observed for low levels of osbond acid (R2 ≤ 0.29%) and FADS variants with opposite effects for intron variants and variants in the promoter region such as rs3834458 (R2 ≤ 0.38%).Conclusions: These results support the positive role of maternal arachidonic acid and DHA on fetal neural development, although the effects on child IQ by 8 y of age were small (0.1 SD), with other factors contributing more substantially. The endogenous synthesis of these FAs by FADS genes, especially FADS2, may also be important. The replication of these results is recommended.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9165</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-3207</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.051524</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24067669</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJCNAC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: American Society for Clinical Nutrition</publisher><subject>Adult ; arachidonic acid ; Biological and medical sciences ; brain ; Child ; Child Development ; children ; clinical nutrition ; Cohort Studies ; docosahexaenoic acid ; England ; erythrocytes ; Erythrocytes - metabolism ; Fatty Acid Desaturases - genetics ; Fatty Acid Desaturases - metabolism ; Fatty acids ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - blood ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - chemistry ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - blood ; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - chemistry ; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - deficiency ; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - metabolism ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; genes ; Genetic Association Studies ; highly unsaturated fatty acids ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intelligence tests ; introns ; Language Development ; linear models ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Mothers ; neurodevelopment ; Original Research Communications ; parents ; Polymorphism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy ; promoter regions ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Regression analysis ; Stereoisomerism ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><ispartof>The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2013-12, Vol.98 (6), p.1575-1582</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc. 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Altering the maternal FA status in pregnancy may improve fetal neural development with lasting consequences for child development.Objective: We explored whether maternal FAs in erythrocytes, either measured directly or indirectly by maternal FADS genetic variants, are associated with child intelligence quotient (IQ).Design: Linear regression analyses, adjusted for 18 confounders, were used to investigate the associations in 2839 mother-child pairs from the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort.Results: Low levels of arachidonic acid (20:4n−6) were associated with lower performance IQ (−2.0 points; 95% CI: −3.5, −0.6 points; P = 0.007, increased R2 = 0.27%), high levels of osbond acid (22:5n−6) were associated with verbal IQ (−1.8 points; 95% CI: −3.2, −0.4 points; P = 0.014, R2 = 0.20%), and high levels of adrenic acid (22:4n−6) were associated with verbal IQ (−1.7 points; 95% CI:−3.1, −0.3 points; P = 0.016, R2 = 0.19%). There was some evidence to support a negative association of low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n−3) with full-scale IQ (R2 = 0.15%). Novel weak associations were also observed for low levels of osbond acid (R2 ≤ 0.29%) and FADS variants with opposite effects for intron variants and variants in the promoter region such as rs3834458 (R2 ≤ 0.38%).Conclusions: These results support the positive role of maternal arachidonic acid and DHA on fetal neural development, although the effects on child IQ by 8 y of age were small (0.1 SD), with other factors contributing more substantially. The endogenous synthesis of these FAs by FADS genes, especially FADS2, may also be important. The replication of these results is recommended.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>arachidonic acid</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>brain</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child Development</subject><subject>children</subject><subject>clinical nutrition</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>docosahexaenoic acid</subject><subject>England</subject><subject>erythrocytes</subject><subject>Erythrocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Fatty Acid Desaturases - genetics</subject><subject>Fatty Acid Desaturases - metabolism</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - blood</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - chemistry</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - blood</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - chemistry</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - deficiency</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - metabolism</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>genes</subject><subject>Genetic Association Studies</subject><subject>highly unsaturated fatty acids</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intelligence</subject><subject>Intelligence tests</subject><subject>introns</subject><subject>Language Development</subject><subject>linear models</subject><subject>Linkage Disequilibrium</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>neurodevelopment</subject><subject>Original Research Communications</subject><subject>parents</subject><subject>Polymorphism</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>promoter regions</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Stereoisomerism</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><issn>0002-9165</issn><issn>1938-3207</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkU1v1DAQhi0EokvhzA0sIW7N1t92LpWqQilSqx5Kz9bEcbJeZePUziLl35Nol0IPIx_m8TujeRD6SMmal0Kew9b1a0rZmkgqmXiFVrTkpuCM6NdoRQhhRUmVPEHvct4SQpkw6i06YYIorVS5QvUdjD710OEGxnHC4EKdcejxkHzbQ--mM3x9-e0BD7GbdjENm5B3-QxDX2O3CV09s6PvutD63nn8tI9j8P2IYcQGTzg2GFr_Hr1poMv-w_E9RY_X339d3RS39z9-Xl3eFk5oORZCAJhGKS4107rhpSSKCqFppXglPfGgKmeAmYpw552rOaNUNa6sSF0SzfgpujjkDvtq52s3L5Kgs0MKO0iTjRDsy04fNraNv60SRBhJ54Avx4AUn_Y-j3Yb98t1sqVCCW2o0Wqmzg-USzHn5JvnCZTYRYtdtNhZiz1omX98-n-xZ_6vhxn4egQgO-iaNF8-5H-cLiVTbBn9-cA1EC20aWYeHxihkixljOF_AO7an1Y</recordid><startdate>20131201</startdate><enddate>20131201</enddate><creator>Steer, Colin D</creator><creator>Lattka, Eva</creator><creator>Koletzko, Berthold</creator><creator>Golding, Jean</creator><creator>Hibbeln, Joseph R</creator><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition</general><general>American Society for Nutrition</general><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131201</creationdate><title>Maternal fatty acids in pregnancy, FADS polymorphisms, and child intelligence quotient at 8 y of age</title><author>Steer, Colin D ; Lattka, Eva ; Koletzko, Berthold ; Golding, Jean ; Hibbeln, Joseph R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-44aa8f66357277f3950614471b63b5e0ea6bc8a28b03ceccd32116fc9b0d90723</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>arachidonic acid</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>brain</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child Development</topic><topic>children</topic><topic>clinical nutrition</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>docosahexaenoic acid</topic><topic>England</topic><topic>erythrocytes</topic><topic>Erythrocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Fatty Acid Desaturases - genetics</topic><topic>Fatty Acid Desaturases - metabolism</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - blood</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - chemistry</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - blood</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - chemistry</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - deficiency</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - metabolism</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>genes</topic><topic>Genetic Association Studies</topic><topic>highly unsaturated fatty acids</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intelligence</topic><topic>Intelligence tests</topic><topic>introns</topic><topic>Language Development</topic><topic>linear models</topic><topic>Linkage Disequilibrium</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>neurodevelopment</topic><topic>Original Research Communications</topic><topic>parents</topic><topic>Polymorphism</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>promoter regions</topic><topic>Promoter Regions, Genetic</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Stereoisomerism</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Steer, Colin D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lattka, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koletzko, Berthold</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Golding, Jean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hibbeln, Joseph R</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The American journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Steer, Colin D</au><au>Lattka, Eva</au><au>Koletzko, Berthold</au><au>Golding, Jean</au><au>Hibbeln, Joseph R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Maternal fatty acids in pregnancy, FADS polymorphisms, and child intelligence quotient at 8 y of age</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Clin Nutr</addtitle><date>2013-12-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>98</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1575</spage><epage>1582</epage><pages>1575-1582</pages><issn>0002-9165</issn><eissn>1938-3207</eissn><coden>AJCNAC</coden><abstract>Background: Brain tissue is selectively enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids (FAs). Altering the maternal FA status in pregnancy may improve fetal neural development with lasting consequences for child development.Objective: We explored whether maternal FAs in erythrocytes, either measured directly or indirectly by maternal FADS genetic variants, are associated with child intelligence quotient (IQ).Design: Linear regression analyses, adjusted for 18 confounders, were used to investigate the associations in 2839 mother-child pairs from the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort.Results: Low levels of arachidonic acid (20:4n−6) were associated with lower performance IQ (−2.0 points; 95% CI: −3.5, −0.6 points; P = 0.007, increased R2 = 0.27%), high levels of osbond acid (22:5n−6) were associated with verbal IQ (−1.8 points; 95% CI: −3.2, −0.4 points; P = 0.014, R2 = 0.20%), and high levels of adrenic acid (22:4n−6) were associated with verbal IQ (−1.7 points; 95% CI:−3.1, −0.3 points; P = 0.016, R2 = 0.19%). There was some evidence to support a negative association of low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n−3) with full-scale IQ (R2 = 0.15%). Novel weak associations were also observed for low levels of osbond acid (R2 ≤ 0.29%) and FADS variants with opposite effects for intron variants and variants in the promoter region such as rs3834458 (R2 ≤ 0.38%).Conclusions: These results support the positive role of maternal arachidonic acid and DHA on fetal neural development, although the effects on child IQ by 8 y of age were small (0.1 SD), with other factors contributing more substantially. The endogenous synthesis of these FAs by FADS genes, especially FADS2, may also be important. The replication of these results is recommended.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>American Society for Clinical Nutrition</pub><pmid>24067669</pmid><doi>10.3945/ajcn.112.051524</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Adult
arachidonic acid
Biological and medical sciences
brain
Child
Child Development
children
clinical nutrition
Cohort Studies
docosahexaenoic acid
England
erythrocytes
Erythrocytes - metabolism
Fatty Acid Desaturases - genetics
Fatty Acid Desaturases - metabolism
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - blood
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - chemistry
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism
Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - blood
Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - chemistry
Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - deficiency
Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - metabolism
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
genes
Genetic Association Studies
highly unsaturated fatty acids
Humans
Intelligence
Intelligence tests
introns
Language Development
linear models
Linkage Disequilibrium
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Mothers
neurodevelopment
Original Research Communications
parents
Polymorphism
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Pregnancy
promoter regions
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Regression analysis
Stereoisomerism
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
title Maternal fatty acids in pregnancy, FADS polymorphisms, and child intelligence quotient at 8 y of age
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