Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mortality: Contributions and Variations by Rurality in the United States, 2012⁻2015
The value of disaggregating non-metropolitan and metropolitan area deaths in illustrating place-based health effects is evident. However, how place interacts with characteristics such as race/ethnicity has been less firmly established. This study compared socioeconomic characteristics and age-adjust...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2019-02, Vol.16 (3), p.436 |
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| description | The value of disaggregating non-metropolitan and metropolitan area deaths in illustrating place-based health effects is evident. However, how place interacts with characteristics such as race/ethnicity has been less firmly established. This study compared socioeconomic characteristics and age-adjusted mortality rates by race/ethnicity in six rurality designations and assessed the contributions of mortality rate disparities between non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) in each designation to national disparities. Compared to NHWs, age-adjusted mortality rates for: (1) NHBs were higher for all causes (combined), heart disease, malignant neoplasms, and cerebrovascular disease; (2) American Indian and Alaska Natives were significantly higher for all causes in rural areas; (3) Asian Pacific islanders and Hispanics were either lower or not significantly different in all areas for all causes combined and all leading causes of death examined. The largest contribution to the U.S. disparity in mortality rates between NHBs and NHWs originated from large central metropolitan areas. Place-based variations in mortality rates and disparities may reflect resource, and access inequities that are often greater and have greater health consequences for some racial/ethnic populations than others. Tailored, systems level actions may help eliminate mortality disparities existing at intersections between race/ethnicity and place. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph16030436 |
| format | Article |
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However, how place interacts with characteristics such as race/ethnicity has been less firmly established. This study compared socioeconomic characteristics and age-adjusted mortality rates by race/ethnicity in six rurality designations and assessed the contributions of mortality rate disparities between non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) in each designation to national disparities. Compared to NHWs, age-adjusted mortality rates for: (1) NHBs were higher for all causes (combined), heart disease, malignant neoplasms, and cerebrovascular disease; (2) American Indian and Alaska Natives were significantly higher for all causes in rural areas; (3) Asian Pacific islanders and Hispanics were either lower or not significantly different in all areas for all causes combined and all leading causes of death examined. The largest contribution to the U.S. disparity in mortality rates between NHBs and NHWs originated from large central metropolitan areas. Place-based variations in mortality rates and disparities may reflect resource, and access inequities that are often greater and have greater health consequences for some racial/ethnic populations than others. Tailored, systems level actions may help eliminate mortality disparities existing at intersections between race/ethnicity and place.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030436</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30717345</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Age Distribution ; Cancer ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cause of Death ; Cultural differences ; Disease control ; Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Health care access ; Health disparities ; Health Status Disparities ; Hispanic Americans ; Humans ; Male ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Minority Health - statistics & numerical data ; Mortality ; Mortality - ethnology ; Population Health - statistics & numerical data ; Public health ; Race ; Rural areas ; Rural health care ; Segregation ; Trends ; United States - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019-02, Vol.16 (3), p.436</ispartof><rights>2019. 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However, how place interacts with characteristics such as race/ethnicity has been less firmly established. This study compared socioeconomic characteristics and age-adjusted mortality rates by race/ethnicity in six rurality designations and assessed the contributions of mortality rate disparities between non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) in each designation to national disparities. Compared to NHWs, age-adjusted mortality rates for: (1) NHBs were higher for all causes (combined), heart disease, malignant neoplasms, and cerebrovascular disease; (2) American Indian and Alaska Natives were significantly higher for all causes in rural areas; (3) Asian Pacific islanders and Hispanics were either lower or not significantly different in all areas for all causes combined and all leading causes of death examined. The largest contribution to the U.S. disparity in mortality rates between NHBs and NHWs originated from large central metropolitan areas. 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Moonesinghe, Ramal ; Bouye, Karen ; Penman-Aguilar, Ana</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-928aa8fec5c83aa3fadcf4af9a938416ecb56b234b424f9e4ab947f32711d0fd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Age Distribution</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cause of Death</topic><topic>Cultural differences</topic><topic>Disease control</topic><topic>Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health care access</topic><topic>Health disparities</topic><topic>Health Status Disparities</topic><topic>Hispanic Americans</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Minority Health - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Mortality - ethnology</topic><topic>Population Health - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Race</topic><topic>Rural areas</topic><topic>Rural health care</topic><topic>Segregation</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hall, Jeffrey E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moonesinghe, Ramal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouye, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Penman-Aguilar, Ana</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hall, Jeffrey E</au><au>Moonesinghe, Ramal</au><au>Bouye, Karen</au><au>Penman-Aguilar, Ana</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mortality: Contributions and Variations by Rurality in the United States, 2012⁻2015</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2019-02-02</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>436</spage><pages>436-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>The value of disaggregating non-metropolitan and metropolitan area deaths in illustrating place-based health effects is evident. However, how place interacts with characteristics such as race/ethnicity has been less firmly established. This study compared socioeconomic characteristics and age-adjusted mortality rates by race/ethnicity in six rurality designations and assessed the contributions of mortality rate disparities between non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) in each designation to national disparities. Compared to NHWs, age-adjusted mortality rates for: (1) NHBs were higher for all causes (combined), heart disease, malignant neoplasms, and cerebrovascular disease; (2) American Indian and Alaska Natives were significantly higher for all causes in rural areas; (3) Asian Pacific islanders and Hispanics were either lower or not significantly different in all areas for all causes combined and all leading causes of death examined. The largest contribution to the U.S. disparity in mortality rates between NHBs and NHWs originated from large central metropolitan areas. Place-based variations in mortality rates and disparities may reflect resource, and access inequities that are often greater and have greater health consequences for some racial/ethnic populations than others. Tailored, systems level actions may help eliminate mortality disparities existing at intersections between race/ethnicity and place.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>30717345</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph16030436</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-533X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Age Distribution Cancer Cardiovascular disease Cause of Death Cultural differences Disease control Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data Ethnicity Female Health care access Health disparities Health Status Disparities Hispanic Americans Humans Male Minority & ethnic groups Minority Health - statistics & numerical data Mortality Mortality - ethnology Population Health - statistics & numerical data Public health Race Rural areas Rural health care Segregation Trends United States - epidemiology |
| title | Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mortality: Contributions and Variations by Rurality in the United States, 2012⁻2015 |
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