Heavy Metal Accumulation in Water, Soil, and Plants of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Vientiane, Laos
The municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in Vientiane, Laos, which receives > 300 tons of waste daily, of which approximately 50% is organic matter, has caused serious environmental problems. This study was conducted to investigate the accumulated levels of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium (Cd), chrom...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2018-12, Vol.16 (1), p.22 |
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| creator | Vongdala, Noudeng Tran, Hoang-Dung Xuan, Tran Dang Teschke, Rolf Khanh, Tran Dang |
| description | The municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in Vientiane, Laos, which receives > 300 tons of waste daily, of which approximately 50% is organic matter, has caused serious environmental problems. This study was conducted to investigate the accumulated levels of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) in water (surface and groundwater), soil, and plants between dry and wet seasons according to the standards of the Agreement on the National Environmental Standards of Laos (ANESs), Dutch Pollutant Standards (DPSs), and the World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. Although no impact of pollution on the surface water was observed, the levels of Cr and Pb in the groundwater significantly exceeded the basics of ANESs and WHO in both seasons. The pollution caused by Cd and Cu reached the eco-toxicological risk level in the landfill soils and its vicinity. The vegetable
, which is consumed by the nearby villagers, was seriously contaminated by Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn, as the accumulation of these toxic metals was elevated to much greater levels as compared to the WHO standards. For the grass
(elephant grass), the quantities of HMs in all plant parts were extreme, perhaps due to the deeper growth of its rhizome than
. This study is the first to warn of serious HM pollution occurring in the water, soil, and plants in the MSW landfill of Vientiane, Laos, which requires urgent phytoremediation. The indication of what sources from the MSW principally cause the pollution of HMs is needed to help reduce the toxicological risks on Lao residents and the environment in Vientiane as well. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph16010022 |
| format | Article |
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, which is consumed by the nearby villagers, was seriously contaminated by Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn, as the accumulation of these toxic metals was elevated to much greater levels as compared to the WHO standards. For the grass
(elephant grass), the quantities of HMs in all plant parts were extreme, perhaps due to the deeper growth of its rhizome than
. This study is the first to warn of serious HM pollution occurring in the water, soil, and plants in the MSW landfill of Vientiane, Laos, which requires urgent phytoremediation. The indication of what sources from the MSW principally cause the pollution of HMs is needed to help reduce the toxicological risks on Lao residents and the environment in Vientiane as well.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010022</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30577663</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Developing countries ; Dissolved oxygen ; Dumping (economic) ; Economic development ; Economic growth ; Electrical conductivity ; Electrical resistivity ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants - analysis ; Environmental Pollutants - metabolism ; Environmental Pollutants - standards ; Food chains ; Food consumption ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Food Contamination - analysis ; Groundwater ; Heavy metals ; Landfill ; Landfills ; Laos ; LDCs ; Leachates ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Metals, Heavy - metabolism ; Metals, Heavy - standards ; Municipal landfills ; Municipal solid waste ; Municipal waste management ; Plants - metabolism ; Pollution ; Polyethylene ; Population growth ; Rainy season ; Seasons ; Sediment pollution ; Soil - chemistry ; Soil contamination ; Soil pollution ; Soil water ; Solid Waste - analysis ; Solid waste management ; Surface water ; Temperature ; Trace elements ; Urban environments ; Urbanization ; Waste Disposal Facilities - standards ; Waste Disposal Facilities - statistics & numerical data ; Waste disposal sites ; Waste management ; Water - chemistry ; Water quality ; Wetlands</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018-12, Vol.16 (1), p.22</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2018 by the authors. 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-c31c5ac1759b496f8f148c93a8bbf0ff4cbbe5f87cf982c88fb99ad4ad04220b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-c31c5ac1759b496f8f148c93a8bbf0ff4cbbe5f87cf982c88fb99ad4ad04220b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7103-5698 ; 0000-0001-8910-1200 ; 0000-0003-4426-7121</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6339154/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6339154/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30577663$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vongdala, Noudeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, Hoang-Dung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xuan, Tran Dang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teschke, Rolf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khanh, Tran Dang</creatorcontrib><title>Heavy Metal Accumulation in Water, Soil, and Plants of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Vientiane, Laos</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>The municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in Vientiane, Laos, which receives > 300 tons of waste daily, of which approximately 50% is organic matter, has caused serious environmental problems. This study was conducted to investigate the accumulated levels of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) in water (surface and groundwater), soil, and plants between dry and wet seasons according to the standards of the Agreement on the National Environmental Standards of Laos (ANESs), Dutch Pollutant Standards (DPSs), and the World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. Although no impact of pollution on the surface water was observed, the levels of Cr and Pb in the groundwater significantly exceeded the basics of ANESs and WHO in both seasons. The pollution caused by Cd and Cu reached the eco-toxicological risk level in the landfill soils and its vicinity. The vegetable
, which is consumed by the nearby villagers, was seriously contaminated by Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn, as the accumulation of these toxic metals was elevated to much greater levels as compared to the WHO standards. For the grass
(elephant grass), the quantities of HMs in all plant parts were extreme, perhaps due to the deeper growth of its rhizome than
. This study is the first to warn of serious HM pollution occurring in the water, soil, and plants in the MSW landfill of Vientiane, Laos, which requires urgent phytoremediation. The indication of what sources from the MSW principally cause the pollution of HMs is needed to help reduce the toxicological risks on Lao residents and the environment in Vientiane as well.</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Dissolved oxygen</subject><subject>Dumping (economic)</subject><subject>Economic development</subject><subject>Economic growth</subject><subject>Electrical conductivity</subject><subject>Electrical resistivity</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - metabolism</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - standards</subject><subject>Food chains</subject><subject>Food consumption</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Food Contamination - analysis</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Landfill</subject><subject>Landfills</subject><subject>Laos</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Leachates</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - 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This study was conducted to investigate the accumulated levels of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) in water (surface and groundwater), soil, and plants between dry and wet seasons according to the standards of the Agreement on the National Environmental Standards of Laos (ANESs), Dutch Pollutant Standards (DPSs), and the World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. Although no impact of pollution on the surface water was observed, the levels of Cr and Pb in the groundwater significantly exceeded the basics of ANESs and WHO in both seasons. The pollution caused by Cd and Cu reached the eco-toxicological risk level in the landfill soils and its vicinity. The vegetable
, which is consumed by the nearby villagers, was seriously contaminated by Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn, as the accumulation of these toxic metals was elevated to much greater levels as compared to the WHO standards. For the grass
(elephant grass), the quantities of HMs in all plant parts were extreme, perhaps due to the deeper growth of its rhizome than
. This study is the first to warn of serious HM pollution occurring in the water, soil, and plants in the MSW landfill of Vientiane, Laos, which requires urgent phytoremediation. The indication of what sources from the MSW principally cause the pollution of HMs is needed to help reduce the toxicological risks on Lao residents and the environment in Vientiane as well.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>30577663</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph16010022</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7103-5698</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8910-1200</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4426-7121</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018-12, Vol.16 (1), p.22 |
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| subjects | Agricultural production Developing countries Dissolved oxygen Dumping (economic) Economic development Economic growth Electrical conductivity Electrical resistivity Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants - analysis Environmental Pollutants - metabolism Environmental Pollutants - standards Food chains Food consumption Food contamination & poisoning Food Contamination - analysis Groundwater Heavy metals Landfill Landfills Laos LDCs Leachates Metals, Heavy - analysis Metals, Heavy - metabolism Metals, Heavy - standards Municipal landfills Municipal solid waste Municipal waste management Plants - metabolism Pollution Polyethylene Population growth Rainy season Seasons Sediment pollution Soil - chemistry Soil contamination Soil pollution Soil water Solid Waste - analysis Solid waste management Surface water Temperature Trace elements Urban environments Urbanization Waste Disposal Facilities - standards Waste Disposal Facilities - statistics & numerical data Waste disposal sites Waste management Water - chemistry Water quality Wetlands |
| title | Heavy Metal Accumulation in Water, Soil, and Plants of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Vientiane, Laos |
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