Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis
Background Infection with the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is common in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and up to 100,000 people with severe disease die every year. Adequate therapy for amoebic colitis is necessary to reduce illness, prevent development of complicated disease and extraintestina...
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creator | Gonzales, Maria Liza M Dans, Leonila F Sio‐Aguilar, Juliet Gonzales, Maria Liza M |
description | Background
Infection with the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is common in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and up to 100,000 people with severe disease die every year. Adequate therapy for amoebic colitis is necessary to reduce illness, prevent development of complicated disease and extraintestinal spread, and decrease transmission.
Objectives
To evaluate antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis.
Search methods
We searched the available literature up to 22 March 2018. We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, mRCT, and conference proceedings. We contacted individual researchers, organizations, and pharmaceutical companies, and we checked reference lists.
Selection criteria
Randomized controlled trials of antiamoebic drugs given alone or in combination, compared with placebo or another antiamoebic drug, for treating adults and children with a diagnosis of amoebic colitis.
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility and methodological quality of trials and extracted and analysed the data. We calculated clinical and parasitological failure rates and rates of relapse and adverse events as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using a random‐effects model. We determined statistical heterogeneity and explored possible sources of heterogeneity using subgroup analyses. We carried out sensitivity analysis by using trial quality to assess the robustness of reported results.
Main results
In total, 41 trials (4999 participants) met the inclusion criteria of this review. In this update, we added four trials to the 37 trials included in the first published review version. Thirty trials were published over 20 years ago. Only one trial used adequate methods of randomization and allocation concealment, was blinded, and analysed all randomized participants. Only one trial used an E histolytica stool antigen test, and two trials used amoebic culture.
Tinidazole may be more effective than metronidazole for reducing clinical failure (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.51; 477 participants, eight trials; low‐certainty evidence) and is probably associated with fewer adverse events (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.92; 477 participants, 8 trials; moderate‐certainty evidence). Compared with metronidazole, combination therapy may result in fewer parasitological failures (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.86; 720 participants, 3 trials; low‐certainty evidence), but we are unc |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/14651858.CD006085.pub3 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6326239</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2165659208</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5393-b21d9cd6e4979fdfe7873600757e54a5584f2bcbc81121ca73ab0e81c86363ac3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFUMtOwzAQtBCIlsIvVDlySfAjfuSCVMpTqsQFzpbjOK1REhc7BfXvSdSmKlw47UozOzM7AEwRTBCE-AaljCJBRTK_h5BBQZP1JicnYNwDcY-cHu0jcBHCB4SEZZifgxGBDKeckTFIZk1rVe1MbnVU-M0yRKXzUeuNam2zjAZIu8q2NlyCs1JVwVzt5wS8Pz68zZ_jxevTy3y2iDUlGYlzjIpMF8ykGc_KojRccMIg5JQbmipKRVriXOdaIISRVpyoHBqBtGCEEaXJBNzudLuvalNo07ReVXLtba38Vjpl5W-ksSu5dF-SEcxwF2ECrvcC3n1uTGhlbYM2VaUa4zZBYsQooxmGoqOyHVV7F4I35cEGQdmXLYey5VB2b066w-lxyMPZ0G5HuNsRvm1ltlI7vfKd_z-6f1x-AHM3j4k</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2165659208</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Cochrane Library</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Gonzales, Maria Liza M ; Dans, Leonila F ; Sio‐Aguilar, Juliet ; Gonzales, Maria Liza M</creator><creatorcontrib>Gonzales, Maria Liza M ; Dans, Leonila F ; Sio‐Aguilar, Juliet ; Gonzales, Maria Liza M</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Infection with the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is common in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and up to 100,000 people with severe disease die every year. Adequate therapy for amoebic colitis is necessary to reduce illness, prevent development of complicated disease and extraintestinal spread, and decrease transmission.
Objectives
To evaluate antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis.
Search methods
We searched the available literature up to 22 March 2018. We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, mRCT, and conference proceedings. We contacted individual researchers, organizations, and pharmaceutical companies, and we checked reference lists.
Selection criteria
Randomized controlled trials of antiamoebic drugs given alone or in combination, compared with placebo or another antiamoebic drug, for treating adults and children with a diagnosis of amoebic colitis.
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility and methodological quality of trials and extracted and analysed the data. We calculated clinical and parasitological failure rates and rates of relapse and adverse events as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using a random‐effects model. We determined statistical heterogeneity and explored possible sources of heterogeneity using subgroup analyses. We carried out sensitivity analysis by using trial quality to assess the robustness of reported results.
Main results
In total, 41 trials (4999 participants) met the inclusion criteria of this review. In this update, we added four trials to the 37 trials included in the first published review version. Thirty trials were published over 20 years ago. Only one trial used adequate methods of randomization and allocation concealment, was blinded, and analysed all randomized participants. Only one trial used an E histolytica stool antigen test, and two trials used amoebic culture.
Tinidazole may be more effective than metronidazole for reducing clinical failure (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.51; 477 participants, eight trials; low‐certainty evidence) and is probably associated with fewer adverse events (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.92; 477 participants, 8 trials; moderate‐certainty evidence). Compared with metronidazole, combination therapy may result in fewer parasitological failures (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.86; 720 participants, 3 trials; low‐certainty evidence), but we are uncertain which combination is more effective than another. Evidence is insufficient to allow conclusions regarding the efficacy of other antiamoebic drugs.
Authors' conclusions
Compared with metronidazole, tinidazole may be more effective in reducing clinical failure and may be associated with fewer adverse events. Combination drug therapy may be more effective for reducing parasitological failure compared with metronidazole alone. However, these results are based mostly on small trials conducted over 20 years ago with a variety of poorly defined outcomes. Tests that detect E histolytica more accurately are needed, particularly in countries where concomitant infection with other bacteria and parasites is common.
11 April 2019
Up to date
All studies incorporated from most recent search
All eligible published studies found in the last search (22 Mar, 2018) were included and two ongoing studies have been identified (see 'Characteristics of ongoing studies' section)</description><identifier>ISSN: 1465-1858</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1469-493X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1465-1858</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-493X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006085.pub3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30624763</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Amebiasis (Amoebiasis) ; Amebicides ; Amebicides - adverse effects ; Amebicides - therapeutic use ; Amoebic colitis ; Animals ; Anti‐infective treatment ; Child health ; Diarrhoea ; Diarrhoeal infections ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Dysentery, Amebic ; Dysentery, Amebic - drug therapy ; Dysentery, Amebic - parasitology ; Entamoeba histolytica ; Gastroenterology ; Gastroenterology & hepatology ; Humans ; Infectious disease ; Medicine General & Introductory Medical Sciences ; Metronidazole ; Metronidazole - adverse effects ; Metronidazole - therapeutic use ; Neglected tropical diseases ; Principles of prevention and management ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Tinidazole ; Tinidazole - adverse effects ; Tinidazole - therapeutic use</subject><ispartof>Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2019-01, Vol.2019 (1), p.CD006085</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Cochrane Collaboration.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5393-b21d9cd6e4979fdfe7873600757e54a5584f2bcbc81121ca73ab0e81c86363ac3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5393-b21d9cd6e4979fdfe7873600757e54a5584f2bcbc81121ca73ab0e81c86363ac3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30624763$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gonzales, Maria Liza M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dans, Leonila F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sio‐Aguilar, Juliet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzales, Maria Liza M</creatorcontrib><title>Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis</title><title>Cochrane database of systematic reviews</title><addtitle>Cochrane Database Syst Rev</addtitle><description>Background
Infection with the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is common in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and up to 100,000 people with severe disease die every year. Adequate therapy for amoebic colitis is necessary to reduce illness, prevent development of complicated disease and extraintestinal spread, and decrease transmission.
Objectives
To evaluate antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis.
Search methods
We searched the available literature up to 22 March 2018. We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, mRCT, and conference proceedings. We contacted individual researchers, organizations, and pharmaceutical companies, and we checked reference lists.
Selection criteria
Randomized controlled trials of antiamoebic drugs given alone or in combination, compared with placebo or another antiamoebic drug, for treating adults and children with a diagnosis of amoebic colitis.
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility and methodological quality of trials and extracted and analysed the data. We calculated clinical and parasitological failure rates and rates of relapse and adverse events as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using a random‐effects model. We determined statistical heterogeneity and explored possible sources of heterogeneity using subgroup analyses. We carried out sensitivity analysis by using trial quality to assess the robustness of reported results.
Main results
In total, 41 trials (4999 participants) met the inclusion criteria of this review. In this update, we added four trials to the 37 trials included in the first published review version. Thirty trials were published over 20 years ago. Only one trial used adequate methods of randomization and allocation concealment, was blinded, and analysed all randomized participants. Only one trial used an E histolytica stool antigen test, and two trials used amoebic culture.
Tinidazole may be more effective than metronidazole for reducing clinical failure (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.51; 477 participants, eight trials; low‐certainty evidence) and is probably associated with fewer adverse events (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.92; 477 participants, 8 trials; moderate‐certainty evidence). Compared with metronidazole, combination therapy may result in fewer parasitological failures (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.86; 720 participants, 3 trials; low‐certainty evidence), but we are uncertain which combination is more effective than another. Evidence is insufficient to allow conclusions regarding the efficacy of other antiamoebic drugs.
Authors' conclusions
Compared with metronidazole, tinidazole may be more effective in reducing clinical failure and may be associated with fewer adverse events. Combination drug therapy may be more effective for reducing parasitological failure compared with metronidazole alone. However, these results are based mostly on small trials conducted over 20 years ago with a variety of poorly defined outcomes. Tests that detect E histolytica more accurately are needed, particularly in countries where concomitant infection with other bacteria and parasites is common.
11 April 2019
Up to date
All studies incorporated from most recent search
All eligible published studies found in the last search (22 Mar, 2018) were included and two ongoing studies have been identified (see 'Characteristics of ongoing studies' section)</description><subject>Amebiasis (Amoebiasis)</subject><subject>Amebicides</subject><subject>Amebicides - adverse effects</subject><subject>Amebicides - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Amoebic colitis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti‐infective treatment</subject><subject>Child health</subject><subject>Diarrhoea</subject><subject>Diarrhoeal infections</subject><subject>Drug Therapy, Combination</subject><subject>Dysentery, Amebic</subject><subject>Dysentery, Amebic - drug therapy</subject><subject>Dysentery, Amebic - parasitology</subject><subject>Entamoeba histolytica</subject><subject>Gastroenterology</subject><subject>Gastroenterology & hepatology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious disease</subject><subject>Medicine General & Introductory Medical Sciences</subject><subject>Metronidazole</subject><subject>Metronidazole - adverse effects</subject><subject>Metronidazole - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Neglected tropical diseases</subject><subject>Principles of prevention and management</subject><subject>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</subject><subject>Tinidazole</subject><subject>Tinidazole - adverse effects</subject><subject>Tinidazole - therapeutic use</subject><issn>1465-1858</issn><issn>1469-493X</issn><issn>1465-1858</issn><issn>1469-493X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RWY</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUMtOwzAQtBCIlsIvVDlySfAjfuSCVMpTqsQFzpbjOK1REhc7BfXvSdSmKlw47UozOzM7AEwRTBCE-AaljCJBRTK_h5BBQZP1JicnYNwDcY-cHu0jcBHCB4SEZZifgxGBDKeckTFIZk1rVe1MbnVU-M0yRKXzUeuNam2zjAZIu8q2NlyCs1JVwVzt5wS8Pz68zZ_jxevTy3y2iDUlGYlzjIpMF8ykGc_KojRccMIg5JQbmipKRVriXOdaIISRVpyoHBqBtGCEEaXJBNzudLuvalNo07ReVXLtba38Vjpl5W-ksSu5dF-SEcxwF2ECrvcC3n1uTGhlbYM2VaUa4zZBYsQooxmGoqOyHVV7F4I35cEGQdmXLYey5VB2b066w-lxyMPZ0G5HuNsRvm1ltlI7vfKd_z-6f1x-AHM3j4k</recordid><startdate>20190109</startdate><enddate>20190109</enddate><creator>Gonzales, Maria Liza M</creator><creator>Dans, Leonila F</creator><creator>Sio‐Aguilar, Juliet</creator><creator>Gonzales, Maria Liza M</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><scope>7PX</scope><scope>RWY</scope><scope>ZYTZH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190109</creationdate><title>Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis</title><author>Gonzales, Maria Liza M ; Dans, Leonila F ; Sio‐Aguilar, Juliet ; Gonzales, Maria Liza M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5393-b21d9cd6e4979fdfe7873600757e54a5584f2bcbc81121ca73ab0e81c86363ac3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Amebiasis (Amoebiasis)</topic><topic>Amebicides</topic><topic>Amebicides - adverse effects</topic><topic>Amebicides - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Amoebic colitis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti‐infective treatment</topic><topic>Child health</topic><topic>Diarrhoea</topic><topic>Diarrhoeal infections</topic><topic>Drug Therapy, Combination</topic><topic>Dysentery, Amebic</topic><topic>Dysentery, Amebic - drug therapy</topic><topic>Dysentery, Amebic - parasitology</topic><topic>Entamoeba histolytica</topic><topic>Gastroenterology</topic><topic>Gastroenterology & hepatology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious disease</topic><topic>Medicine General & Introductory Medical Sciences</topic><topic>Metronidazole</topic><topic>Metronidazole - adverse effects</topic><topic>Metronidazole - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Neglected tropical diseases</topic><topic>Principles of prevention and management</topic><topic>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</topic><topic>Tinidazole</topic><topic>Tinidazole - adverse effects</topic><topic>Tinidazole - therapeutic use</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gonzales, Maria Liza M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dans, Leonila F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sio‐Aguilar, Juliet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzales, Maria Liza M</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Cochrane Library</collection><collection>Cochrane Library</collection><collection>Cochrane Library (Open Aceess)</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Cochrane database of systematic reviews</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gonzales, Maria Liza M</au><au>Dans, Leonila F</au><au>Sio‐Aguilar, Juliet</au><au>Gonzales, Maria Liza M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis</atitle><jtitle>Cochrane database of systematic reviews</jtitle><addtitle>Cochrane Database Syst Rev</addtitle><date>2019-01-09</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>2019</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>CD006085</spage><pages>CD006085-</pages><issn>1465-1858</issn><issn>1469-493X</issn><eissn>1465-1858</eissn><eissn>1469-493X</eissn><abstract>Background
Infection with the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is common in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and up to 100,000 people with severe disease die every year. Adequate therapy for amoebic colitis is necessary to reduce illness, prevent development of complicated disease and extraintestinal spread, and decrease transmission.
Objectives
To evaluate antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis.
Search methods
We searched the available literature up to 22 March 2018. We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, mRCT, and conference proceedings. We contacted individual researchers, organizations, and pharmaceutical companies, and we checked reference lists.
Selection criteria
Randomized controlled trials of antiamoebic drugs given alone or in combination, compared with placebo or another antiamoebic drug, for treating adults and children with a diagnosis of amoebic colitis.
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility and methodological quality of trials and extracted and analysed the data. We calculated clinical and parasitological failure rates and rates of relapse and adverse events as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using a random‐effects model. We determined statistical heterogeneity and explored possible sources of heterogeneity using subgroup analyses. We carried out sensitivity analysis by using trial quality to assess the robustness of reported results.
Main results
In total, 41 trials (4999 participants) met the inclusion criteria of this review. In this update, we added four trials to the 37 trials included in the first published review version. Thirty trials were published over 20 years ago. Only one trial used adequate methods of randomization and allocation concealment, was blinded, and analysed all randomized participants. Only one trial used an E histolytica stool antigen test, and two trials used amoebic culture.
Tinidazole may be more effective than metronidazole for reducing clinical failure (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.51; 477 participants, eight trials; low‐certainty evidence) and is probably associated with fewer adverse events (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.92; 477 participants, 8 trials; moderate‐certainty evidence). Compared with metronidazole, combination therapy may result in fewer parasitological failures (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.86; 720 participants, 3 trials; low‐certainty evidence), but we are uncertain which combination is more effective than another. Evidence is insufficient to allow conclusions regarding the efficacy of other antiamoebic drugs.
Authors' conclusions
Compared with metronidazole, tinidazole may be more effective in reducing clinical failure and may be associated with fewer adverse events. Combination drug therapy may be more effective for reducing parasitological failure compared with metronidazole alone. However, these results are based mostly on small trials conducted over 20 years ago with a variety of poorly defined outcomes. Tests that detect E histolytica more accurately are needed, particularly in countries where concomitant infection with other bacteria and parasites is common.
11 April 2019
Up to date
All studies incorporated from most recent search
All eligible published studies found in the last search (22 Mar, 2018) were included and two ongoing studies have been identified (see 'Characteristics of ongoing studies' section)</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>30624763</pmid><doi>10.1002/14651858.CD006085.pub3</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; Cochrane Library; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Amebiasis (Amoebiasis) Amebicides Amebicides - adverse effects Amebicides - therapeutic use Amoebic colitis Animals Anti‐infective treatment Child health Diarrhoea Diarrhoeal infections Drug Therapy, Combination Dysentery, Amebic Dysentery, Amebic - drug therapy Dysentery, Amebic - parasitology Entamoeba histolytica Gastroenterology Gastroenterology & hepatology Humans Infectious disease Medicine General & Introductory Medical Sciences Metronidazole Metronidazole - adverse effects Metronidazole - therapeutic use Neglected tropical diseases Principles of prevention and management Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Tinidazole Tinidazole - adverse effects Tinidazole - therapeutic use |
title | Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis |
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