Acute Ischemia Induced by High-Density Culture Increases Cytokine Expression and Diminishes the Function and Viability of Highly Purified Human Islets of Langerhans

BACKGROUNDEncapsulation devices have the potential to enable cell-based insulin replacement therapies (such as human islet or stem cell–derived β cell transplantation) without immunosuppression. However, reasonably sized encapsulation devices promote ischemia due to high β cell densities creating pr...

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