The shadow of the past: Convergence of young and old South American desert lizards as measured by head shape traits

Convergence is a pervasive phenomenon in the Tree of Life, and evolution of similar phenotypes sharing the same environmental conditions is expected in phylogenetically closely related species. In contrast, contingent factors are probably more influential in shaping phenotypic diversity for distantl...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ecology and evolution 2018-12, Vol.8 (23), p.11399-11409
Hauptverfasser: Aguilar‐Puntriano, César, Avila, Luciano J., De la Riva, Ignacio, Johnson, Leigh, Morando, Mariana, Troncoso‐Palacios, Jaime, Wood, Perry L., Sites, Jack W.
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container_end_page 11409
container_issue 23
container_start_page 11399
container_title Ecology and evolution
container_volume 8
creator Aguilar‐Puntriano, César
Avila, Luciano J.
De la Riva, Ignacio
Johnson, Leigh
Morando, Mariana
Troncoso‐Palacios, Jaime
Wood, Perry L.
Sites, Jack W.
description Convergence is a pervasive phenomenon in the Tree of Life, and evolution of similar phenotypes sharing the same environmental conditions is expected in phylogenetically closely related species. In contrast, contingent factors are probably more influential in shaping phenotypic diversity for distantly related taxa. Here, we test putative convergent evolution of lizard head morphologies among relatively closely related desert dwelling Liolaemus species, and the very distantly related Ctenoblepharys adspersa. We estimated a multilocus time‐calibrated phylogeny of 57 species of South American liolaemus lizards, based on seven molecular markers. We collected head shape data for 468 specimens, and used three phylogenetic comparative methods (SURFACE, CONVEVOL, and WHEATSHEAF index) to test for and estimate the strength of convergence. We found strong evidence for convergence among Pacific desert lizard C. adspersa, Liolaemus audivetulatus, Liolaemus insolitus, Liolaemus poconchilensis, Liolaemus stolzmanni, and a candidate species (Liolaemus “Moquegua”). Our results suggest that, despite the long divergence and phylogenetic distance of C. adspersa with respect to convergent Liolaemus species, natural selection was probably more important than historical contingency in shaping phenotypic evolution in these desert lizards. Convergent evolution in South American lizards. In this study we test if natural selection was stronger than historical contingency in the putative convergence of head traits between an old lizard lineage (Ctenoblepharys adspersa) and younger lizards (Liolaemus species) living in the extreme desert environments of the South American Pacific coast. We found a strong case of convergence between the younger lizards, and between these and C. adspersa. Our results suggest that natural selection was probably more important than historical contingency in the independent evolution of these head traits.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/ece3.4548
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Our results suggest that, despite the long divergence and phylogenetic distance of C. adspersa with respect to convergent Liolaemus species, natural selection was probably more important than historical contingency in shaping phenotypic evolution in these desert lizards. Convergent evolution in South American lizards. In this study we test if natural selection was stronger than historical contingency in the putative convergence of head traits between an old lizard lineage (Ctenoblepharys adspersa) and younger lizards (Liolaemus species) living in the extreme desert environments of the South American Pacific coast. We found a strong case of convergence between the younger lizards, and between these and C. adspersa. 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Our results suggest that, despite the long divergence and phylogenetic distance of C. adspersa with respect to convergent Liolaemus species, natural selection was probably more important than historical contingency in shaping phenotypic evolution in these desert lizards. Convergent evolution in South American lizards. In this study we test if natural selection was stronger than historical contingency in the putative convergence of head traits between an old lizard lineage (Ctenoblepharys adspersa) and younger lizards (Liolaemus species) living in the extreme desert environments of the South American Pacific coast. We found a strong case of convergence between the younger lizards, and between these and C. adspersa. 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source Wiley Online Library Open Access; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central
subjects Candidate species
Contingency
Convergence
Ctenoblepharys adspersa
Desert environments
Deserts
Divergence
Environmental conditions
Evolution
Evolution & development
Liolaemus
Lizards
Morphology
Natural selection
Original Research
Phenotypes
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
repeated evolution
South America
Species
title The shadow of the past: Convergence of young and old South American desert lizards as measured by head shape traits
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