Evolution of bidirectional costly mutualism from byproduct consumption

Mutualisms are essential for life, yet it is unclear how they arise. A two-stage process has been proposed for the evolution of mutualisms that involve exchanges of two costly resources. First, costly provisioning by one species may be selected for if that species gains a benefit from costless bypro...

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Veröffentlicht in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2018-11, Vol.115 (47), p.12000-12004
Hauptverfasser: Harcombe, William R., Chacón, Jeremy M., Adamowicz, Elizabeth M., Chubiz, Lon M., Marx, Christopher J.
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Sprache:eng
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