Lead poisoning and other human-related factors cause significant mortality in white-tailed eagles
The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) suffered a severe population decline due to environmental pollutants in the Baltic Sea area ca. 50 years ago but has since been recovering. The main threats for the white-tailed eagle in Finland are now often related to human activities. We examined the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ambio 2018-12, Vol.47 (8), p.858-868 |
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| creator | Isomursu, Marja Koivusaari, Juhani Stjernberg, Torsten Hirvelä-Koski, Varpu Venäläinen, Eija-Riitta |
| description | The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) suffered a severe population decline due to environmental pollutants in the Baltic Sea area ca. 50 years ago but has since been recovering. The main threats for the white-tailed eagle in Finland are now often related to human activities. We examined the human impact on the white-tailed eagle by determining mortality factors of 123 carcasses collected during 2000–2014. Routine necropsy with chemical analyses for lead and mercury were done on all carcasses. We found human-related factors accounting for 60% of the causes of death. The most important of these was lead poisoning (31% of all cases) followed by human-related accidents (e.g. electric power lines and traffic) (24%). The temporal and regional patterns of occurrence of lead poisonings suggested spent lead ammunition as the source. Lead shot was found in the gizzards of some lead-poisoned birds. Scavenging behaviour exposes the white-tailed eagle to lead from spent ammunition. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s13280-018-1052-9 |
| format | Article |
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The main threats for the white-tailed eagle in Finland are now often related to human activities. We examined the human impact on the white-tailed eagle by determining mortality factors of 123 carcasses collected during 2000–2014. Routine necropsy with chemical analyses for lead and mercury were done on all carcasses. We found human-related factors accounting for 60% of the causes of death. The most important of these was lead poisoning (31% of all cases) followed by human-related accidents (e.g. electric power lines and traffic) (24%). The temporal and regional patterns of occurrence of lead poisonings suggested spent lead ammunition as the source. Lead shot was found in the gizzards of some lead-poisoned birds. Scavenging behaviour exposes the white-tailed eagle to lead from spent ammunition.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0044-7447</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1654-7209</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1052-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29600487</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Science + Business Media</publisher><subject>accidents ; Ammunition ; Animals ; anthropogenic activities ; Atmospheric Sciences ; Automobile Driving ; Baltic Sea ; Birds ; Carcasses ; Chemical analysis ; death ; Eagles ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecology ; Electric Injuries - etiology ; Electric power ; Electric power lines ; Environment ; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Pollutants ; Extinction, Biological ; Finland ; Firearms ; Haliaeetus albicilla ; Human Activities ; Human impact ; Human influences ; Humans ; Kidney - chemistry ; Kidney - pathology ; lead ; Lead content ; Lead poisoning ; Lead Poisoning - mortality ; Lead Poisoning - veterinary ; Liver - chemistry ; Liver - pathology ; Mercury ; Mercury Poisoning - mortality ; Mercury Poisoning - veterinary ; Mortality ; Mortality factors ; Necropsy ; Physical Geography ; Poisoning ; Pollutants ; Population decline ; population dynamics ; Power lines ; Power Plants ; RESEARCH ARTICLE ; scavenging behavior ; traffic ; Wounds and Injuries - etiology ; Wounds and Injuries - veterinary</subject><ispartof>Ambio, 2018-12, Vol.47 (8), p.858-868</ispartof><rights>Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2018</rights><rights>Ambio is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-160ba17e7bfb09862f66172ee174da3fef7ec2fe9db025efa5ad9207f4a08d173</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-160ba17e7bfb09862f66172ee174da3fef7ec2fe9db025efa5ad9207f4a08d173</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3697-526X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/48697931$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/48697931$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29600487$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Isomursu, Marja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koivusaari, Juhani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stjernberg, Torsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirvelä-Koski, Varpu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Venäläinen, Eija-Riitta</creatorcontrib><title>Lead poisoning and other human-related factors cause significant mortality in white-tailed eagles</title><title>Ambio</title><addtitle>Ambio</addtitle><addtitle>Ambio</addtitle><description>The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) suffered a severe population decline due to environmental pollutants in the Baltic Sea area ca. 50 years ago but has since been recovering. The main threats for the white-tailed eagle in Finland are now often related to human activities. We examined the human impact on the white-tailed eagle by determining mortality factors of 123 carcasses collected during 2000–2014. Routine necropsy with chemical analyses for lead and mercury were done on all carcasses. We found human-related factors accounting for 60% of the causes of death. The most important of these was lead poisoning (31% of all cases) followed by human-related accidents (e.g. electric power lines and traffic) (24%). The temporal and regional patterns of occurrence of lead poisonings suggested spent lead ammunition as the source. Lead shot was found in the gizzards of some lead-poisoned birds. Scavenging behaviour exposes the white-tailed eagle to lead from spent ammunition.</description><subject>accidents</subject><subject>Ammunition</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>anthropogenic activities</subject><subject>Atmospheric Sciences</subject><subject>Automobile Driving</subject><subject>Baltic Sea</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Carcasses</subject><subject>Chemical analysis</subject><subject>death</subject><subject>Eagles</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Electric Injuries - etiology</subject><subject>Electric power</subject><subject>Electric power lines</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants</subject><subject>Extinction, Biological</subject><subject>Finland</subject><subject>Firearms</subject><subject>Haliaeetus albicilla</subject><subject>Human Activities</subject><subject>Human impact</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kidney - chemistry</subject><subject>Kidney - pathology</subject><subject>lead</subject><subject>Lead content</subject><subject>Lead poisoning</subject><subject>Lead Poisoning - mortality</subject><subject>Lead Poisoning - veterinary</subject><subject>Liver - chemistry</subject><subject>Liver - pathology</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mercury Poisoning - mortality</subject><subject>Mercury Poisoning - veterinary</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Mortality factors</subject><subject>Necropsy</subject><subject>Physical Geography</subject><subject>Poisoning</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Population decline</subject><subject>population dynamics</subject><subject>Power lines</subject><subject>Power Plants</subject><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLE</subject><subject>scavenging behavior</subject><subject>traffic</subject><subject>Wounds and Injuries - etiology</subject><subject>Wounds and Injuries - veterinary</subject><issn>0044-7447</issn><issn>1654-7209</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUur1DAYhosonvHoD3ChBNy4qebSJs1GkIM3GHCj6_C1_dLJ0CZjkirn35uhx_GycJXAe0lenqp6yugrRql6nZjgHa0p62pGW17re9WOybapFaf6frWjtCn3plFX1aOUjpRSKYR4WF1xLYvWqV0Fe4SRnIJLwTs_EfAjCfmAkRzWBXwdcYaMI7Ew5BATGWBNSJKbvLNuAJ_JEmKG2eVb4jz5cXAZ6wxuLhmEacb0uHpgYU745O68rr6-f_fl5mO9__zh083bfT20vM01k7QHplD1tqe6k9xKyRRHZKoZQVi0CgduUY895S1aaGHUnCrbAO1GpsR19WbrPa39guOAPkeYzSm6BeKtCeDM34p3BzOF70ZyQYXgpeDlXUEM31ZM2SwuDTjP4DGsyXCmpGhbwUSxvvjHegxr9GWe4ZRpqXWnzoVscw0xpBTRXj7DqDkDNBtAUwCaM0CjS-b5nysuiV_EioFvhlQkP2H8_fT_Wp9toWMqFC-lTSe10mXQT4kDseU</recordid><startdate>20181201</startdate><enddate>20181201</enddate><creator>Isomursu, Marja</creator><creator>Koivusaari, Juhani</creator><creator>Stjernberg, Torsten</creator><creator>Hirvelä-Koski, Varpu</creator><creator>Venäläinen, Eija-Riitta</creator><general>Springer Science + Business Media</general><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BGRYB</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>HEHIP</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0O</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>M2S</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-526X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20181201</creationdate><title>Lead poisoning and other human-related factors cause significant mortality in white-tailed eagles</title><author>Isomursu, Marja ; Koivusaari, Juhani ; Stjernberg, Torsten ; Hirvelä-Koski, Varpu ; Venäläinen, Eija-Riitta</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-160ba17e7bfb09862f66172ee174da3fef7ec2fe9db025efa5ad9207f4a08d173</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>accidents</topic><topic>Ammunition</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>anthropogenic activities</topic><topic>Atmospheric Sciences</topic><topic>Automobile Driving</topic><topic>Baltic Sea</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Carcasses</topic><topic>Chemical analysis</topic><topic>death</topic><topic>Eagles</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Electric Injuries - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Ambio</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Isomursu, Marja</au><au>Koivusaari, Juhani</au><au>Stjernberg, Torsten</au><au>Hirvelä-Koski, Varpu</au><au>Venäläinen, Eija-Riitta</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Lead poisoning and other human-related factors cause significant mortality in white-tailed eagles</atitle><jtitle>Ambio</jtitle><stitle>Ambio</stitle><addtitle>Ambio</addtitle><date>2018-12-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>858</spage><epage>868</epage><pages>858-868</pages><issn>0044-7447</issn><eissn>1654-7209</eissn><abstract>The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) suffered a severe population decline due to environmental pollutants in the Baltic Sea area ca. 50 years ago but has since been recovering. The main threats for the white-tailed eagle in Finland are now often related to human activities. We examined the human impact on the white-tailed eagle by determining mortality factors of 123 carcasses collected during 2000–2014. Routine necropsy with chemical analyses for lead and mercury were done on all carcasses. We found human-related factors accounting for 60% of the causes of death. The most important of these was lead poisoning (31% of all cases) followed by human-related accidents (e.g. electric power lines and traffic) (24%). The temporal and regional patterns of occurrence of lead poisonings suggested spent lead ammunition as the source. Lead shot was found in the gizzards of some lead-poisoned birds. 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| identifier | ISSN: 0044-7447 |
| ispartof | Ambio, 2018-12, Vol.47 (8), p.858-868 |
| issn | 0044-7447 1654-7209 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | accidents Ammunition Animals anthropogenic activities Atmospheric Sciences Automobile Driving Baltic Sea Birds Carcasses Chemical analysis death Eagles Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Electric Injuries - etiology Electric power Electric power lines Environment Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Environmental Management Environmental Pollutants Extinction, Biological Finland Firearms Haliaeetus albicilla Human Activities Human impact Human influences Humans Kidney - chemistry Kidney - pathology lead Lead content Lead poisoning Lead Poisoning - mortality Lead Poisoning - veterinary Liver - chemistry Liver - pathology Mercury Mercury Poisoning - mortality Mercury Poisoning - veterinary Mortality Mortality factors Necropsy Physical Geography Poisoning Pollutants Population decline population dynamics Power lines Power Plants RESEARCH ARTICLE scavenging behavior traffic Wounds and Injuries - etiology Wounds and Injuries - veterinary |
| title | Lead poisoning and other human-related factors cause significant mortality in white-tailed eagles |
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