Epidemiology of Injuries Requiring Emergency Transport Among Collegiate and High School Student-Athletes
Data regarding the epidemiology of emergency-transport incidents (ETIs) of patients with sport-related injuries are lacking. Understanding the use of emergency services by athletic trainers can help improve emergency preparedness and prehospital care for injured student-athletes. To determine the fr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of athletic training 2018-09, Vol.53 (9), p.906-914 |
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| creator | Hirschhorn, Rebecca M Kerr, Zachary Y Wasserman, Erin B Kay, Melissa C Clifton, Daniel R Dompier, Thomas P Yeargin, Susan W |
| description | Data regarding the epidemiology of emergency-transport incidents (ETIs) of patients with sport-related injuries are lacking. Understanding the use of emergency services by athletic trainers can help improve emergency preparedness and prehospital care for injured student-athletes.
To determine the frequencies and types of ETIs resulting from athletic participation.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Participating colleges and high schools during 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 and 2011-2012 to 2013-2014, respectively.
Student-athletes in 23 high school and 25 intercollegiate sports.
Data on injuries requiring emergency transport were collected by each team's athletic trainer via their respective online injury-tracking software. Athletic trainers also collected data on athlete-exposures (AEs). Emergency-transport incident frequencies and injury rates per 10 000 AEs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. For each ETI, the sport, body part, injury mechanism, and final diagnosis were recorded.
A total of 339 and 146 ETIs were reported in collegiate and high school players, respectively. Collegiate women's ice hockey had the highest ETI rate (1.28/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 0.71, 1.86). In high school, football had the highest rate at 0.80 per 10 000 AEs (95% CI = 0.64, 0.97). Athletes with head or face injuries required the most transports in college (n = 71, 20.9%) and high school (n = 33, 22.6%) across all sports. Strains (n = 50, 14.7%) and fractures (n = 35, 24.0%) were the leading diagnoses for patients undergoing transport in college and high school, respectively.
Athletic trainers should maintain a high level of emergency preparedness when working with sports that have high rates and numbers of ETIs. Athletes with injuries to the head/face required the most frequent transport across competition levels. Athletic trainers should have the appropriate equipment and protocols in place to handle these patients. Future researchers should examine the differences between field and hospital diagnoses to help improve prehospital care and decrease the likelihood of unnecessary emergency transports. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4085/1062-6050-340-17 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6208301</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2131144091</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-ee3071ce721201a790a2e7e2a473fca1834f602d61b2c510280411032d7977ec3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkc1r3DAQxU1paL5676kIeunF7YwkW_alsCzbJhAo5AN6E4o8trXY1kayA_vfV0s-SHuagffmMY9fln1C-CahKr4jlDwvoYBcSMhRvctOsBZVjiX_8z7tL_JxdhrjFgB5UZcfsmMBvJKyqE6yfrNzDY3OD77bM9-yy2m7BEeRXdPD4oKbOrYZKXQ02T27DWaKOx9mthp9UtZ-GKhzZiZmpoZduK5nN7b3fmA389LQNOeruR9opnieHbVmiPTxeZ5ldz83t-uL_Or3r8v16iq3soY5JxKg0JLiyAGNqsFwUsSNVKK1Bish2xJ4U-I9twWmHiARQfBG1UqRFWfZj6fc3XI_UmPTD8EMehfcaMJee-P0v8rket35R11yqARgCvj6HBD8w0Jx1qOLlobBTOSXqDliiaiUKJL1y3_WrV_ClOoll0CUEupDIDy5bPAxBmpfn0HQB4z6wEkfOOmEUaNKJ5_flng9eOEm_gK_Vpgr</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2131144091</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Epidemiology of Injuries Requiring Emergency Transport Among Collegiate and High School Student-Athletes</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>Free E- Journals</source><creator>Hirschhorn, Rebecca M ; Kerr, Zachary Y ; Wasserman, Erin B ; Kay, Melissa C ; Clifton, Daniel R ; Dompier, Thomas P ; Yeargin, Susan W</creator><creatorcontrib>Hirschhorn, Rebecca M ; Kerr, Zachary Y ; Wasserman, Erin B ; Kay, Melissa C ; Clifton, Daniel R ; Dompier, Thomas P ; Yeargin, Susan W</creatorcontrib><description>Data regarding the epidemiology of emergency-transport incidents (ETIs) of patients with sport-related injuries are lacking. Understanding the use of emergency services by athletic trainers can help improve emergency preparedness and prehospital care for injured student-athletes.
To determine the frequencies and types of ETIs resulting from athletic participation.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Participating colleges and high schools during 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 and 2011-2012 to 2013-2014, respectively.
Student-athletes in 23 high school and 25 intercollegiate sports.
Data on injuries requiring emergency transport were collected by each team's athletic trainer via their respective online injury-tracking software. Athletic trainers also collected data on athlete-exposures (AEs). Emergency-transport incident frequencies and injury rates per 10 000 AEs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. For each ETI, the sport, body part, injury mechanism, and final diagnosis were recorded.
A total of 339 and 146 ETIs were reported in collegiate and high school players, respectively. Collegiate women's ice hockey had the highest ETI rate (1.28/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 0.71, 1.86). In high school, football had the highest rate at 0.80 per 10 000 AEs (95% CI = 0.64, 0.97). Athletes with head or face injuries required the most transports in college (n = 71, 20.9%) and high school (n = 33, 22.6%) across all sports. Strains (n = 50, 14.7%) and fractures (n = 35, 24.0%) were the leading diagnoses for patients undergoing transport in college and high school, respectively.
Athletic trainers should maintain a high level of emergency preparedness when working with sports that have high rates and numbers of ETIs. Athletes with injuries to the head/face required the most frequent transport across competition levels. Athletic trainers should have the appropriate equipment and protocols in place to handle these patients. Future researchers should examine the differences between field and hospital diagnoses to help improve prehospital care and decrease the likelihood of unnecessary emergency transports.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1062-6050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-162X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-340-17</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30284458</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Athletic Trainers Association</publisher><subject>Abdomen ; Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Athletes ; Athletic Coaches ; Athletic Injuries - epidemiology ; Civil Defense ; College Athletics ; College basketball ; Comparative Analysis ; Competition ; Concussion ; Craniocerebral Trauma - epidemiology ; Emergency medical care ; Emergency Medical Services - statistics & numerical data ; Emergency preparedness ; Emergency Programs ; Emergency services ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Football - injuries ; Fractures, Bone - epidemiology ; Health Services ; Heatstroke ; High school basketball ; High School Students ; Hockey - injuries ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injuries ; Male ; Medical Services ; Outcome Measures ; Participation ; Patients ; Schools ; Secondary Schools ; Sports injuries ; Statistical Analysis ; Students ; Surveillance ; Team Sports ; Transportation ; Transportation - statistics & numerical data ; Trauma ; United States - epidemiology ; Universities ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of athletic training, 2018-09, Vol.53 (9), p.906-914</ispartof><rights>Copyright National Athletic Trainers Association Sep 2018</rights><rights>by the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-ee3071ce721201a790a2e7e2a473fca1834f602d61b2c510280411032d7977ec3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-ee3071ce721201a790a2e7e2a473fca1834f602d61b2c510280411032d7977ec3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6208301/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6208301/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30284458$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hirschhorn, Rebecca M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerr, Zachary Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wasserman, Erin B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kay, Melissa C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clifton, Daniel R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dompier, Thomas P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yeargin, Susan W</creatorcontrib><title>Epidemiology of Injuries Requiring Emergency Transport Among Collegiate and High School Student-Athletes</title><title>Journal of athletic training</title><addtitle>J Athl Train</addtitle><description>Data regarding the epidemiology of emergency-transport incidents (ETIs) of patients with sport-related injuries are lacking. Understanding the use of emergency services by athletic trainers can help improve emergency preparedness and prehospital care for injured student-athletes.
To determine the frequencies and types of ETIs resulting from athletic participation.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Participating colleges and high schools during 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 and 2011-2012 to 2013-2014, respectively.
Student-athletes in 23 high school and 25 intercollegiate sports.
Data on injuries requiring emergency transport were collected by each team's athletic trainer via their respective online injury-tracking software. Athletic trainers also collected data on athlete-exposures (AEs). Emergency-transport incident frequencies and injury rates per 10 000 AEs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. For each ETI, the sport, body part, injury mechanism, and final diagnosis were recorded.
A total of 339 and 146 ETIs were reported in collegiate and high school players, respectively. Collegiate women's ice hockey had the highest ETI rate (1.28/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 0.71, 1.86). In high school, football had the highest rate at 0.80 per 10 000 AEs (95% CI = 0.64, 0.97). Athletes with head or face injuries required the most transports in college (n = 71, 20.9%) and high school (n = 33, 22.6%) across all sports. Strains (n = 50, 14.7%) and fractures (n = 35, 24.0%) were the leading diagnoses for patients undergoing transport in college and high school, respectively.
Athletic trainers should maintain a high level of emergency preparedness when working with sports that have high rates and numbers of ETIs. Athletes with injuries to the head/face required the most frequent transport across competition levels. Athletic trainers should have the appropriate equipment and protocols in place to handle these patients. Future researchers should examine the differences between field and hospital diagnoses to help improve prehospital care and decrease the likelihood of unnecessary emergency transports.</description><subject>Abdomen</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Athletic Coaches</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - epidemiology</subject><subject>Civil Defense</subject><subject>College Athletics</subject><subject>College basketball</subject><subject>Comparative Analysis</subject><subject>Competition</subject><subject>Concussion</subject><subject>Craniocerebral Trauma - epidemiology</subject><subject>Emergency medical care</subject><subject>Emergency Medical Services - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Emergency preparedness</subject><subject>Emergency Programs</subject><subject>Emergency services</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Football - injuries</subject><subject>Fractures, Bone - epidemiology</subject><subject>Health Services</subject><subject>Heatstroke</subject><subject>High school basketball</subject><subject>High School Students</subject><subject>Hockey - injuries</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical Services</subject><subject>Outcome Measures</subject><subject>Participation</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Secondary Schools</subject><subject>Sports injuries</subject><subject>Statistical Analysis</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Surveillance</subject><subject>Team Sports</subject><subject>Transportation</subject><subject>Transportation - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Trauma</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>Universities</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1062-6050</issn><issn>1938-162X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc1r3DAQxU1paL5676kIeunF7YwkW_alsCzbJhAo5AN6E4o8trXY1kayA_vfV0s-SHuagffmMY9fln1C-CahKr4jlDwvoYBcSMhRvctOsBZVjiX_8z7tL_JxdhrjFgB5UZcfsmMBvJKyqE6yfrNzDY3OD77bM9-yy2m7BEeRXdPD4oKbOrYZKXQ02T27DWaKOx9mthp9UtZ-GKhzZiZmpoZduK5nN7b3fmA389LQNOeruR9opnieHbVmiPTxeZ5ldz83t-uL_Or3r8v16iq3soY5JxKg0JLiyAGNqsFwUsSNVKK1Bish2xJ4U-I9twWmHiARQfBG1UqRFWfZj6fc3XI_UmPTD8EMehfcaMJee-P0v8rket35R11yqARgCvj6HBD8w0Jx1qOLlobBTOSXqDliiaiUKJL1y3_WrV_ClOoll0CUEupDIDy5bPAxBmpfn0HQB4z6wEkfOOmEUaNKJ5_flng9eOEm_gK_Vpgr</recordid><startdate>201809</startdate><enddate>201809</enddate><creator>Hirschhorn, Rebecca M</creator><creator>Kerr, Zachary Y</creator><creator>Wasserman, Erin B</creator><creator>Kay, Melissa C</creator><creator>Clifton, Daniel R</creator><creator>Dompier, Thomas P</creator><creator>Yeargin, Susan W</creator><general>National Athletic Trainers Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88B</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8A4</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CJNVE</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0P</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEDU</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201809</creationdate><title>Epidemiology of Injuries Requiring Emergency Transport Among Collegiate and High School Student-Athletes</title><author>Hirschhorn, Rebecca M ; Kerr, Zachary Y ; Wasserman, Erin B ; Kay, Melissa C ; Clifton, Daniel R ; Dompier, Thomas P ; Yeargin, Susan W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-ee3071ce721201a790a2e7e2a473fca1834f602d61b2c510280411032d7977ec3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Abdomen</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Athletic Coaches</topic><topic>Athletic Injuries - epidemiology</topic><topic>Civil Defense</topic><topic>College Athletics</topic><topic>College basketball</topic><topic>Comparative Analysis</topic><topic>Competition</topic><topic>Concussion</topic><topic>Craniocerebral Trauma - epidemiology</topic><topic>Emergency medical care</topic><topic>Emergency Medical Services - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Emergency preparedness</topic><topic>Emergency Programs</topic><topic>Emergency services</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Football - injuries</topic><topic>Fractures, Bone - epidemiology</topic><topic>Health Services</topic><topic>Heatstroke</topic><topic>High school basketball</topic><topic>High School Students</topic><topic>Hockey - injuries</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical Services</topic><topic>Outcome Measures</topic><topic>Participation</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Secondary Schools</topic><topic>Sports injuries</topic><topic>Statistical Analysis</topic><topic>Students</topic><topic>Surveillance</topic><topic>Team Sports</topic><topic>Transportation</topic><topic>Transportation - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Trauma</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><topic>Universities</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hirschhorn, Rebecca M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerr, Zachary Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wasserman, Erin B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kay, Melissa C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clifton, Daniel R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dompier, Thomas P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yeargin, Susan W</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Education Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Education Periodicals</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Education Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Education Database</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Education</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of athletic training</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hirschhorn, Rebecca M</au><au>Kerr, Zachary Y</au><au>Wasserman, Erin B</au><au>Kay, Melissa C</au><au>Clifton, Daniel R</au><au>Dompier, Thomas P</au><au>Yeargin, Susan W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Epidemiology of Injuries Requiring Emergency Transport Among Collegiate and High School Student-Athletes</atitle><jtitle>Journal of athletic training</jtitle><addtitle>J Athl Train</addtitle><date>2018-09</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>906</spage><epage>914</epage><pages>906-914</pages><issn>1062-6050</issn><eissn>1938-162X</eissn><abstract>Data regarding the epidemiology of emergency-transport incidents (ETIs) of patients with sport-related injuries are lacking. Understanding the use of emergency services by athletic trainers can help improve emergency preparedness and prehospital care for injured student-athletes.
To determine the frequencies and types of ETIs resulting from athletic participation.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Participating colleges and high schools during 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 and 2011-2012 to 2013-2014, respectively.
Student-athletes in 23 high school and 25 intercollegiate sports.
Data on injuries requiring emergency transport were collected by each team's athletic trainer via their respective online injury-tracking software. Athletic trainers also collected data on athlete-exposures (AEs). Emergency-transport incident frequencies and injury rates per 10 000 AEs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. For each ETI, the sport, body part, injury mechanism, and final diagnosis were recorded.
A total of 339 and 146 ETIs were reported in collegiate and high school players, respectively. Collegiate women's ice hockey had the highest ETI rate (1.28/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 0.71, 1.86). In high school, football had the highest rate at 0.80 per 10 000 AEs (95% CI = 0.64, 0.97). Athletes with head or face injuries required the most transports in college (n = 71, 20.9%) and high school (n = 33, 22.6%) across all sports. Strains (n = 50, 14.7%) and fractures (n = 35, 24.0%) were the leading diagnoses for patients undergoing transport in college and high school, respectively.
Athletic trainers should maintain a high level of emergency preparedness when working with sports that have high rates and numbers of ETIs. Athletes with injuries to the head/face required the most frequent transport across competition levels. Athletic trainers should have the appropriate equipment and protocols in place to handle these patients. Future researchers should examine the differences between field and hospital diagnoses to help improve prehospital care and decrease the likelihood of unnecessary emergency transports.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Athletic Trainers Association</pub><pmid>30284458</pmid><doi>10.4085/1062-6050-340-17</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free E- Journals |
| subjects | Abdomen Adolescent Adolescents Athletes Athletic Coaches Athletic Injuries - epidemiology Civil Defense College Athletics College basketball Comparative Analysis Competition Concussion Craniocerebral Trauma - epidemiology Emergency medical care Emergency Medical Services - statistics & numerical data Emergency preparedness Emergency Programs Emergency services Epidemiology Female Football - injuries Fractures, Bone - epidemiology Health Services Heatstroke High school basketball High School Students Hockey - injuries Humans Incidence Injuries Male Medical Services Outcome Measures Participation Patients Schools Secondary Schools Sports injuries Statistical Analysis Students Surveillance Team Sports Transportation Transportation - statistics & numerical data Trauma United States - epidemiology Universities Young Adult |
| title | Epidemiology of Injuries Requiring Emergency Transport Among Collegiate and High School Student-Athletes |
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