Human Milk Lipidomics: Current Techniques and Methodologies
Human milk contains a complex combination of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, which are essential for infant growth and development. While the lipid portion constitutes only 5% of the total human milk composition, it accounts for over 50% of the infant's daily energy intake. Human...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2018-08, Vol.10 (9), p.1169 |
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| description | Human milk contains a complex combination of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, which are essential for infant growth and development. While the lipid portion constitutes only 5% of the total human milk composition, it accounts for over 50% of the infant's daily energy intake. Human milk lipids vary throughout a feed, day, and through different stages of lactation, resulting in difficulties in sampling standardization and, like blood, human milk is bioactive containing endogenous lipases, therefore appropriate storage is critical in order to prevent lipolysis. Suitable sample preparation, often not described in studies, must also be chosen to achieve the aims of the study. Gas chromatography methods have classically been carried out to investigate the fatty acid composition of human milk lipids, but with the advancement of other chromatographic techniques, such as liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography, as well as mass spectrometry, intact lipids can also be characterized. Despite the known importance, concise and comprehensive analysis of the human milk lipidome is limited, with gaps existing in all areas of human milk lipidomics, discussed in this review. With appropriate methodology and instrumentation, further understanding of the human milk lipidome and the influence it has on infant outcomes can be achieved. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu10091169 |
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While the lipid portion constitutes only 5% of the total human milk composition, it accounts for over 50% of the infant's daily energy intake. Human milk lipids vary throughout a feed, day, and through different stages of lactation, resulting in difficulties in sampling standardization and, like blood, human milk is bioactive containing endogenous lipases, therefore appropriate storage is critical in order to prevent lipolysis. Suitable sample preparation, often not described in studies, must also be chosen to achieve the aims of the study. Gas chromatography methods have classically been carried out to investigate the fatty acid composition of human milk lipids, but with the advancement of other chromatographic techniques, such as liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography, as well as mass spectrometry, intact lipids can also be characterized. Despite the known importance, concise and comprehensive analysis of the human milk lipidome is limited, with gaps existing in all areas of human milk lipidomics, discussed in this review. With appropriate methodology and instrumentation, further understanding of the human milk lipidome and the influence it has on infant outcomes can be achieved.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu10091169</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30149663</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Biochemistry - instrumentation ; Biochemistry - methods ; Biochemistry - standards ; blood ; Breast milk ; Breastfeeding & lactation ; Breasts ; Carbohydrates ; carboxylic ester hydrolases ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, Gas ; Chromatography, Liquid - instrumentation ; Chromatography, Liquid - standards ; Composition ; Energy intake ; Fatty acid composition ; Fatty acids ; Female ; Gas chromatography ; growth and development ; Humans ; infant growth ; Instrumentation ; Lactation ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipids ; Lipids - analysis ; Lipolysis ; liquids ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - instrumentation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - standards ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation ; Mass Spectrometry - standards ; Mass spectroscopy ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Milk ; milk fat ; Milk, Human - chemistry ; Milk, Human - metabolism ; Minerals ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Nutrition research ; Nutritive Value ; Proteins ; Quality control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Review ; Sample preparation ; Scientific imaging ; Standardization ; supercritical fluid chromatography ; Supercritical fluids ; Trends ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2018-08, Vol.10 (9), p.1169</ispartof><rights>2018. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2018 by the authors. 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-6d0ee5a89c744c9ea0c798884a7a0cdce5ffa6b373ea45aeb68ac70ed9811ce53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-6d0ee5a89c744c9ea0c798884a7a0cdce5ffa6b373ea45aeb68ac70ed9811ce53</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2581-4556 ; 0000-0001-7079-6647</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164959/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164959/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30149663$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>George, Alexandra D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gay, Melvin C L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trengove, Robert D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geddes, Donna T</creatorcontrib><title>Human Milk Lipidomics: Current Techniques and Methodologies</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>Human milk contains a complex combination of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, which are essential for infant growth and development. While the lipid portion constitutes only 5% of the total human milk composition, it accounts for over 50% of the infant's daily energy intake. Human milk lipids vary throughout a feed, day, and through different stages of lactation, resulting in difficulties in sampling standardization and, like blood, human milk is bioactive containing endogenous lipases, therefore appropriate storage is critical in order to prevent lipolysis. Suitable sample preparation, often not described in studies, must also be chosen to achieve the aims of the study. Gas chromatography methods have classically been carried out to investigate the fatty acid composition of human milk lipids, but with the advancement of other chromatographic techniques, such as liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography, as well as mass spectrometry, intact lipids can also be characterized. Despite the known importance, concise and comprehensive analysis of the human milk lipidome is limited, with gaps existing in all areas of human milk lipidomics, discussed in this review. With appropriate methodology and instrumentation, further understanding of the human milk lipidome and the influence it has on infant outcomes can be achieved.</description><subject>Biochemistry - instrumentation</subject><subject>Biochemistry - methods</subject><subject>Biochemistry - standards</subject><subject>blood</subject><subject>Breast milk</subject><subject>Breastfeeding & lactation</subject><subject>Breasts</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>carboxylic ester hydrolases</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Chromatography, Gas</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid - instrumentation</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid - standards</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Energy intake</subject><subject>Fatty acid composition</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>growth and development</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>infant growth</subject><subject>Instrumentation</subject><subject>Lactation</subject><subject>Lipid Metabolism</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lipids - analysis</subject><subject>Lipolysis</subject><subject>liquids</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - instrumentation</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - standards</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation</subject><subject>Mass Spectrometry - standards</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>milk fat</subject><subject>Milk, Human - chemistry</subject><subject>Milk, Human - metabolism</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>Nutritive Value</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Quality control</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Sample preparation</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Standardization</subject><subject>supercritical fluid chromatography</subject><subject>Supercritical fluids</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctKxDAUhoMoKuNsfAApuBGhmjRtLgqCDN5gBjfjOmTSUyfaJmPSCr69LeN9YzbnwPnyn8uP0D7BJ5RKfOo6grEkhMkNtJthnqWM5XTzR76DxjE-4eFxzBndRjsUk1wyRnfR-W3XaJfMbP2cTO3Klr6xJp4lky4EcG0yB7N09qWDmGhXJjNol770tX-0EPfQVqXrCOOPOEIP11fzyW06vb-5m1xOU1Pgok1ZiQEKLaTheW4kaGy4FELkmvdpaaCoKs0WlFPQeaFhwYQ2HEMpBSF9lY7QxVp31S0a6D-4NuharYJtdHhTXlv1u-LsUj36V8UIy2Uhe4GjD4Hgh1Va1dhooK61A99FlWWCSYIzJv5HsSwKKvJsGOvwD_rku-D6S6iMiB4QXAy9j9eUCT7GANXX3ASrwUH17WAPH_zc9Av99Iu-AwMUlf8</recordid><startdate>20180826</startdate><enddate>20180826</enddate><creator>George, Alexandra D</creator><creator>Gay, Melvin C L</creator><creator>Trengove, Robert D</creator><creator>Geddes, Donna T</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2581-4556</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-6647</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180826</creationdate><title>Human Milk Lipidomics: Current Techniques and Methodologies</title><author>George, Alexandra D ; Gay, Melvin C L ; Trengove, Robert D ; Geddes, Donna T</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c505t-6d0ee5a89c744c9ea0c798884a7a0cdce5ffa6b373ea45aeb68ac70ed9811ce53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Biochemistry - instrumentation</topic><topic>Biochemistry - methods</topic><topic>Biochemistry - standards</topic><topic>blood</topic><topic>Breast milk</topic><topic>Breastfeeding & lactation</topic><topic>Breasts</topic><topic>Carbohydrates</topic><topic>carboxylic ester hydrolases</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Chromatography, Gas</topic><topic>Chromatography, Liquid - instrumentation</topic><topic>Chromatography, Liquid - standards</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>Energy intake</topic><topic>Fatty acid composition</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>growth and development</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>infant growth</topic><topic>Instrumentation</topic><topic>Lactation</topic><topic>Lipid Metabolism</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Lipids - analysis</topic><topic>Lipolysis</topic><topic>liquids</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - instrumentation</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - standards</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation</topic><topic>Mass Spectrometry - standards</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>milk fat</topic><topic>Milk, Human - chemistry</topic><topic>Milk, Human - metabolism</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Nutrition research</topic><topic>Nutritive Value</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Quality control</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Sample preparation</topic><topic>Scientific imaging</topic><topic>Standardization</topic><topic>supercritical fluid chromatography</topic><topic>Supercritical fluids</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>George, Alexandra D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gay, Melvin C L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trengove, Robert D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geddes, Donna T</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>George, Alexandra D</au><au>Gay, Melvin C L</au><au>Trengove, Robert D</au><au>Geddes, Donna T</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Human Milk Lipidomics: Current Techniques and Methodologies</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><date>2018-08-26</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1169</spage><pages>1169-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>Human milk contains a complex combination of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, which are essential for infant growth and development. While the lipid portion constitutes only 5% of the total human milk composition, it accounts for over 50% of the infant's daily energy intake. Human milk lipids vary throughout a feed, day, and through different stages of lactation, resulting in difficulties in sampling standardization and, like blood, human milk is bioactive containing endogenous lipases, therefore appropriate storage is critical in order to prevent lipolysis. Suitable sample preparation, often not described in studies, must also be chosen to achieve the aims of the study. Gas chromatography methods have classically been carried out to investigate the fatty acid composition of human milk lipids, but with the advancement of other chromatographic techniques, such as liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography, as well as mass spectrometry, intact lipids can also be characterized. Despite the known importance, concise and comprehensive analysis of the human milk lipidome is limited, with gaps existing in all areas of human milk lipidomics, discussed in this review. With appropriate methodology and instrumentation, further understanding of the human milk lipidome and the influence it has on infant outcomes can be achieved.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>30149663</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu10091169</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2581-4556</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-6647</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Biochemistry - instrumentation Biochemistry - methods Biochemistry - standards blood Breast milk Breastfeeding & lactation Breasts Carbohydrates carboxylic ester hydrolases Chromatography Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Liquid - instrumentation Chromatography, Liquid - standards Composition Energy intake Fatty acid composition Fatty acids Female Gas chromatography growth and development Humans infant growth Instrumentation Lactation Lipid Metabolism Lipids Lipids - analysis Lipolysis liquids Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - instrumentation Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - standards Mass spectrometry Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation Mass Spectrometry - standards Mass spectroscopy Metabolism Metabolites Milk milk fat Milk, Human - chemistry Milk, Human - metabolism Minerals NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Nutrition research Nutritive Value Proteins Quality control Reproducibility of Results Review Sample preparation Scientific imaging Standardization supercritical fluid chromatography Supercritical fluids Trends Womens health |
| title | Human Milk Lipidomics: Current Techniques and Methodologies |
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