Loss of Response to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Therapy in Crohn’s Disease Is Not Associated with Emergence of Novel Inflammatory Pathways

Background While monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) are effective in treating Crohn’s disease (CD), approximately one-third of patients lose response. The mechanisms underlying this loss of response remain elusive. Aim We sought to determine if novel biological pathways, in...

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