Sex differences in diaphragmatic fatigue: the cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance
Key points Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits a sympathetically mediated metaboreflex resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure and limb vascular resistance. Women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore it was hypothesised that women would experience an attenuated inspira...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of physiology 2018-09, Vol.596 (17), p.4017-4032 |
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| creator | Welch, Joseph F. Archiza, Bruno Guenette, Jordan A. West, Christopher R. Sheel, A. William |
| description | Key points
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits a sympathetically mediated metaboreflex resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure and limb vascular resistance.
Women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore it was hypothesised that women would experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex during inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL) performed to task failure.
At the time of PTL task failure, the severity of DF was not different between sexes; however, inspiratory muscle endurance time was significantly longer in women than in men.
For a given cumulative diaphragmatic force output, the severity of DF was less in women than in men.
Women exhibited a blunted cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance (i.e. metaboreflex) that may have implications for exercise tolerance.
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits reflexive increases in sympathetic vasomotor outflow (i.e. metaboreflex). There is some evidence suggesting women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore may experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex. To this end, we sought to examine the cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance in healthy young men (n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 years) and women (n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 years). Subjects performed isocapnic inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL, 60% maximal inspiratory mouth pressure) to task failure. Diaphragmatic fatigue was assessed by measuring transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdi,tw) using cervical magnetic stimulation. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured beat‐by‐beat throughout PTL via photoplethysmography, and low‐frequency systolic pressure (LFSBP; a surrogate for sympathetic vasomotor tone) calculated from arterial waveforms using power spectrum analysis. At PTL task failure, the degree of DF was similar between sexes (∼23% reduction in Pdi,tw; P = 0.33). However, time to task failure was significantly longer in women than in men (27 ± 11 vs. 16 ± 11 min, respectively; P = 0.02). Women exhibited less of an increase in HR (13 ± 8 vs. 19 ± 12 bpm; P = 0.02) and MAP (10 ± 8 vs. 14 ± 9 mmHg; P = 0.01), and significantly lower LFSBP (23 ± 11 vs. 34 ± 8 mmHg2; P = 0.04) during PTL compared to men. An attenuation of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex may influence limb and respiratory muscle haemodynamics with implications for exercise performance.
Key points
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits a sympathetically mediated metaboreflex resulting i |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1113/JP275794 |
| format | Article |
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Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits a sympathetically mediated metaboreflex resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure and limb vascular resistance.
Women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore it was hypothesised that women would experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex during inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL) performed to task failure.
At the time of PTL task failure, the severity of DF was not different between sexes; however, inspiratory muscle endurance time was significantly longer in women than in men.
For a given cumulative diaphragmatic force output, the severity of DF was less in women than in men.
Women exhibited a blunted cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance (i.e. metaboreflex) that may have implications for exercise tolerance.
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits reflexive increases in sympathetic vasomotor outflow (i.e. metaboreflex). There is some evidence suggesting women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore may experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex. To this end, we sought to examine the cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance in healthy young men (n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 years) and women (n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 years). Subjects performed isocapnic inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL, 60% maximal inspiratory mouth pressure) to task failure. Diaphragmatic fatigue was assessed by measuring transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdi,tw) using cervical magnetic stimulation. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured beat‐by‐beat throughout PTL via photoplethysmography, and low‐frequency systolic pressure (LFSBP; a surrogate for sympathetic vasomotor tone) calculated from arterial waveforms using power spectrum analysis. At PTL task failure, the degree of DF was similar between sexes (∼23% reduction in Pdi,tw; P = 0.33). However, time to task failure was significantly longer in women than in men (27 ± 11 vs. 16 ± 11 min, respectively; P = 0.02). Women exhibited less of an increase in HR (13 ± 8 vs. 19 ± 12 bpm; P = 0.02) and MAP (10 ± 8 vs. 14 ± 9 mmHg; P = 0.01), and significantly lower LFSBP (23 ± 11 vs. 34 ± 8 mmHg2; P = 0.04) during PTL compared to men. An attenuation of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex may influence limb and respiratory muscle haemodynamics with implications for exercise performance.
Key points
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits a sympathetically mediated metaboreflex resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure and limb vascular resistance.
Women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore it was hypothesised that women would experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex during inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL) performed to task failure.
At the time of PTL task failure, the severity of DF was not different between sexes; however, inspiratory muscle endurance time was significantly longer in women than in men.
For a given cumulative diaphragmatic force output, the severity of DF was less in women than in men.
Women exhibited a blunted cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance (i.e. metaboreflex) that may have implications for exercise tolerance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3751</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-7793</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1113/JP275794</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29756638</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Airway Resistance ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System - physiopathology ; cervical magnetic stimulation ; Diaphragm ; Exercise Tolerance ; Fatigue ; Female ; Gender differences ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Inhalation ; inspiratory muscle fatigue ; Magnetic fields ; Male ; metaboreflex ; Muscle Fatigue ; phrenic nerve ; Pressure ; Research Paper ; Respiration ; Respiratory ; Respiratory Muscles - physiopathology ; Sex differences ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>The Journal of physiology, 2018-09, Vol.596 (17), p.4017-4032</ispartof><rights>2018 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2018 The Physiological Society</rights><rights>2018 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2018 The Physiological Society.</rights><rights>Journal compilation © 2018 The Physiological Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5053-a38bb3e716560446ff59422d0d1cc288341dc9c22083d930ca3a0849beb984af3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5053-a38bb3e716560446ff59422d0d1cc288341dc9c22083d930ca3a0849beb984af3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5534-1457 ; 0000-0002-0815-4122 ; 0000-0001-9232-4376 ; 0000-0002-5779-5014</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6117572/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6117572/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29756638$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Welch, Joseph F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Archiza, Bruno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guenette, Jordan A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>West, Christopher R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheel, A. William</creatorcontrib><title>Sex differences in diaphragmatic fatigue: the cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance</title><title>The Journal of physiology</title><addtitle>J Physiol</addtitle><description>Key points
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits a sympathetically mediated metaboreflex resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure and limb vascular resistance.
Women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore it was hypothesised that women would experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex during inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL) performed to task failure.
At the time of PTL task failure, the severity of DF was not different between sexes; however, inspiratory muscle endurance time was significantly longer in women than in men.
For a given cumulative diaphragmatic force output, the severity of DF was less in women than in men.
Women exhibited a blunted cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance (i.e. metaboreflex) that may have implications for exercise tolerance.
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits reflexive increases in sympathetic vasomotor outflow (i.e. metaboreflex). There is some evidence suggesting women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore may experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex. To this end, we sought to examine the cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance in healthy young men (n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 years) and women (n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 years). Subjects performed isocapnic inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL, 60% maximal inspiratory mouth pressure) to task failure. Diaphragmatic fatigue was assessed by measuring transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdi,tw) using cervical magnetic stimulation. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured beat‐by‐beat throughout PTL via photoplethysmography, and low‐frequency systolic pressure (LFSBP; a surrogate for sympathetic vasomotor tone) calculated from arterial waveforms using power spectrum analysis. At PTL task failure, the degree of DF was similar between sexes (∼23% reduction in Pdi,tw; P = 0.33). However, time to task failure was significantly longer in women than in men (27 ± 11 vs. 16 ± 11 min, respectively; P = 0.02). Women exhibited less of an increase in HR (13 ± 8 vs. 19 ± 12 bpm; P = 0.02) and MAP (10 ± 8 vs. 14 ± 9 mmHg; P = 0.01), and significantly lower LFSBP (23 ± 11 vs. 34 ± 8 mmHg2; P = 0.04) during PTL compared to men. An attenuation of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex may influence limb and respiratory muscle haemodynamics with implications for exercise performance.
Key points
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits a sympathetically mediated metaboreflex resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure and limb vascular resistance.
Women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore it was hypothesised that women would experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex during inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL) performed to task failure.
At the time of PTL task failure, the severity of DF was not different between sexes; however, inspiratory muscle endurance time was significantly longer in women than in men.
For a given cumulative diaphragmatic force output, the severity of DF was less in women than in men.
Women exhibited a blunted cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance (i.e. metaboreflex) that may have implications for exercise tolerance.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Airway Resistance</subject><subject>Blood Pressure</subject><subject>Cardiovascular System - physiopathology</subject><subject>cervical magnetic stimulation</subject><subject>Diaphragm</subject><subject>Exercise Tolerance</subject><subject>Fatigue</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Heart Rate</subject><subject>Hemodynamics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inhalation</subject><subject>inspiratory muscle fatigue</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>metaboreflex</subject><subject>Muscle Fatigue</subject><subject>phrenic nerve</subject><subject>Pressure</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Respiratory</subject><subject>Respiratory Muscles - physiopathology</subject><subject>Sex differences</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0022-3751</issn><issn>1469-7793</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1r3DAQhkVpaLZpob-gGHrpxYmkkS2rh0IJ6UcINND0LMbyeFfBa7mSnXb_fRTy0TTQiwZpHj2M9DL2RvBDIQQcnZ5LXWmjnrGVULUptTbwnK04l7IEXYl99jKlS84FcGNesH1pdFXX0KyY_UF_is73PUUaHaXCj3mL0ybieouzd0Wf1_VCH4p5Q4XD2PlwhcktA8YiUprCmKiYQ76YJh9xDnF3c-7TjFn4iu31OCR6fVcP2M_PJxfHX8uz71--HX86K13FKygRmrYF0qKuaq5U3feVUVJ2vBPOyaYBJTpnnJS8gc4AdwjIG2Vaak2jsIcD9vHWOy3tljpH4xxxsFP0W4w7G9Dbfzuj39h1uLK1EPnrZBa8vxPE8GuhNNutT46GAUcKS7KSQ6O5VlJl9N0T9DIscczPy5TRYJSo1V-hiyGlSP3DMILbm9TsfWoZfft4-AfwPqYMHN4Cv_1Au_-K7MXpeY5YAlwDoeqhGw</recordid><startdate>20180901</startdate><enddate>20180901</enddate><creator>Welch, Joseph F.</creator><creator>Archiza, Bruno</creator><creator>Guenette, Jordan A.</creator><creator>West, Christopher R.</creator><creator>Sheel, A. William</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5534-1457</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-4122</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-4376</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-5014</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180901</creationdate><title>Sex differences in diaphragmatic fatigue: the cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance</title><author>Welch, Joseph F. ; Archiza, Bruno ; Guenette, Jordan A. ; West, Christopher R. ; Sheel, A. William</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5053-a38bb3e716560446ff59422d0d1cc288341dc9c22083d930ca3a0849beb984af3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Airway Resistance</topic><topic>Blood Pressure</topic><topic>Cardiovascular System - physiopathology</topic><topic>cervical magnetic stimulation</topic><topic>Diaphragm</topic><topic>Exercise Tolerance</topic><topic>Fatigue</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Heart Rate</topic><topic>Hemodynamics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inhalation</topic><topic>inspiratory muscle fatigue</topic><topic>Magnetic fields</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>metaboreflex</topic><topic>Muscle Fatigue</topic><topic>phrenic nerve</topic><topic>Pressure</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Respiration</topic><topic>Respiratory</topic><topic>Respiratory Muscles - physiopathology</topic><topic>Sex differences</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Welch, Joseph F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Archiza, Bruno</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guenette, Jordan A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>West, Christopher R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheel, A. William</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The Journal of physiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Welch, Joseph F.</au><au>Archiza, Bruno</au><au>Guenette, Jordan A.</au><au>West, Christopher R.</au><au>Sheel, A. William</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sex differences in diaphragmatic fatigue: the cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of physiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Physiol</addtitle><date>2018-09-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>596</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>4017</spage><epage>4032</epage><pages>4017-4032</pages><issn>0022-3751</issn><eissn>1469-7793</eissn><abstract>Key points
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits a sympathetically mediated metaboreflex resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure and limb vascular resistance.
Women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore it was hypothesised that women would experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex during inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL) performed to task failure.
At the time of PTL task failure, the severity of DF was not different between sexes; however, inspiratory muscle endurance time was significantly longer in women than in men.
For a given cumulative diaphragmatic force output, the severity of DF was less in women than in men.
Women exhibited a blunted cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance (i.e. metaboreflex) that may have implications for exercise tolerance.
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits reflexive increases in sympathetic vasomotor outflow (i.e. metaboreflex). There is some evidence suggesting women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore may experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex. To this end, we sought to examine the cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance in healthy young men (n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 years) and women (n = 9, age = 24 ± 3 years). Subjects performed isocapnic inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL, 60% maximal inspiratory mouth pressure) to task failure. Diaphragmatic fatigue was assessed by measuring transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdi,tw) using cervical magnetic stimulation. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured beat‐by‐beat throughout PTL via photoplethysmography, and low‐frequency systolic pressure (LFSBP; a surrogate for sympathetic vasomotor tone) calculated from arterial waveforms using power spectrum analysis. At PTL task failure, the degree of DF was similar between sexes (∼23% reduction in Pdi,tw; P = 0.33). However, time to task failure was significantly longer in women than in men (27 ± 11 vs. 16 ± 11 min, respectively; P = 0.02). Women exhibited less of an increase in HR (13 ± 8 vs. 19 ± 12 bpm; P = 0.02) and MAP (10 ± 8 vs. 14 ± 9 mmHg; P = 0.01), and significantly lower LFSBP (23 ± 11 vs. 34 ± 8 mmHg2; P = 0.04) during PTL compared to men. An attenuation of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex may influence limb and respiratory muscle haemodynamics with implications for exercise performance.
Key points
Diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) elicits a sympathetically mediated metaboreflex resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure and limb vascular resistance.
Women may be more resistant to DF compared to men, and therefore it was hypothesised that women would experience an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex during inspiratory pressure‐threshold loading (PTL) performed to task failure.
At the time of PTL task failure, the severity of DF was not different between sexes; however, inspiratory muscle endurance time was significantly longer in women than in men.
For a given cumulative diaphragmatic force output, the severity of DF was less in women than in men.
Women exhibited a blunted cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance (i.e. metaboreflex) that may have implications for exercise tolerance.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>29756638</pmid><doi>10.1113/JP275794</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5534-1457</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-4122</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-4376</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-5014</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Airway Resistance Blood Pressure Cardiovascular System - physiopathology cervical magnetic stimulation Diaphragm Exercise Tolerance Fatigue Female Gender differences Heart Rate Hemodynamics Humans Inhalation inspiratory muscle fatigue Magnetic fields Male metaboreflex Muscle Fatigue phrenic nerve Pressure Research Paper Respiration Respiratory Respiratory Muscles - physiopathology Sex differences Sex Factors Young Adult |
| title | Sex differences in diaphragmatic fatigue: the cardiovascular response to inspiratory resistance |
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